Kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage renal failure, and antibody-mediated rejection remains the leading cause of late allograft loss. Macrophages, as central effectors of innate immunity, play a crucial role in the initiation, progression and tissue damage of antibody-mediated rejection. This article reviews the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution of macrophage polarization status in different stages of antibody-mediated rejection, the fine regulation of key signaling pathways for macrophage polarization, macrophage related molecules and the application prospects of targeted macrophage therapy. In depth analysis of the research progress of macrophages in antibody-mediated rejection, aiming to provide important theoretical basis for the development of precision diagnostic tools based on macrophages and novel immune intervention targets for antibody mediated rejection, ultimately promoting the improvement of long-term prognosis in kidney transplantation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and outcomes of recompensation in patients with autoimmune hepatitis （AIH）-related decompensated cirrhosis， to identify independent predictive factors， and to construct a nomogram prediction model for the probability of recompensation. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among the adult patients with AIH-related decompensated cirrhosis who were admitted to The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to August 2023 （n=211）. The primary endpoint was achievement of recompensation， and the secondary endpoint was liver-related death or liver transplantation. According to the outcome of the patients at the end of the follow-up， the patients were divided into the recompensation group （n=16） and the persistent decompensation group（n=150）.The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data with homogeneity of variance， and the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data with heterogeneity of variance； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups； the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis； the Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to identify independent predictive factors， and a nomogram model was constructed and validated. ResultsA total of 211 patients were enrolled， with a median age of 55.0 years and a median follow-up time of 44.0 months， and female patients accounted for 87.2%. Among the 211 patients， 61 （with a cumulative proportion of 35.5%） achieved recompensation. Compared with the persistent decompensation group， the recompensation group had significantly higher white blood cell count， platelet count （PLT）， total bilirubin （TBil）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， total bile acid， prothrombin time， international normalized ratio （INR）， SMA positive rate， Model for End-Stage Liver Disease （MELD） score， Child-Pugh score， and rate of use of glucocorticoids （all P0.05）， as well as significantly lower age at baseline， number of complications， and death/liver transplantation rate （all P0.05）. At 3 and 12 months after treatment， the recompensation group had continuous improvements in AST， TBil， INR， IgG， MELD score， and Child-Pugh score， which were significantly lower than the values in the persistent decompensation group （all P0.05）， alongside with continuous increases in PLT and albumin， which were significantly higher than the values in the persistent decompensation group （P0.05）. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that baseline ALT （hazard ratio ［HR］=1.067， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.010 — 1.127， P=0.021）， IgG （HR=0.463，95%CI：0.258 — 0.833， P=0.010）， SMA positivity （HR=3.122，95%CI：1.768 — 5.515， P0.001）， and glucocorticoid therapy （HR=20.651，95%CI：8.744 — 48.770， P0.001） were independent predictive factors for recompensation， and the nomogram model based on these predictive factors showed excellent predictive performance （C-index=0.87，95%CI：0.84 — 0.90）. ConclusionAchieving recompensation significantly improves clinical outcomes in patients with AIH-related decompensated cirrhosis. Baseline SMA positivity， a high level of ALT， a low level of IgG， and corticosteroid therapy are independent predictive factors for recompensation. The predictive model constructed based on these factors can provide a basis for decision-making in individualized clinical management.

ObjectiveBased on the Huangdi Neijing，a traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）identification scale of five human qualities was constructed and applied in elderly people to evaluate its reliability and validity. MethodsBased on the original text of the Huangdi Neijing and a review of relevant ancient and modern literature， an identification scale of five human qualities was developed through Delphi expert interviews. Offline surveys were conducted to evaluate the feasibility，reliability，and validity of its application in elderly people，and the scale was evaluated and revised. ResultsThe scale of five human qualities is divided into five subscales：wood，fire，earth，metal，and water. Each subscale is divided into four dimensions：morphological structure，psychological characteristics，tolerance，and physiological characteristics，with a total of 75 items. The survey results in elderly people show that：（1） The recovery rate and completion rate are 100%，and the average filling time is 23.3 min. 85.5% of the samples are completed within the preset time. （2） Reliability analysis results：The homogeneity reliability of each subscale，Chronbach's α，ranges from 0.702 to 0.793. The scores of each subscale in the split-half reliability range from 0.758 to 0.841， indicating that the internal consistency of the scale is good. （3） Validity analysis results. Content validity：During the development stage of the scale，the item pool，dimensions，and structure of the scale are designed reasonably， and the content is complete. The evaluation of content validity shows that the item-level content validity index （I-CVI） ranges from 0.83 to 1.00， and the scale-level content validity index for universal agreement （S-CVI/UA） is 0.92，indicating good content validity of the scale. Construct validity extracts 22 common factors based on an eigenvalue of 1，with a contribution rate of 62.333% to the overall system. The number of common factors in the five subscales is 4，5，4，5，and 4，respectively，with contribution rates of 52.64%，53.376%，51.445%，51.359%，and 50.714%，respectively，indicating the required structure for physical fitness measurement in elderly people. ConclusionThe scale constructed in this study has high reliability and validity，and it is suitable for evaluating the physical condition of elderly people in TCM.

To investigate the effects of phosphorus fertilizer on the morphological traits, active ingredients and rhizosphere soil microbial community of Polygala tenuifolia. The phosphorus fertilizer was calculated in terms of P_2O_5. Five treatments were set up: 0(CK), 17(P1), 34(P2), 51(P3), and 68(P4) kg per Mu(1 Mu≈667 m~2). A randomized block design was adopted. Samples of P. tenuifolia and its rhizosphere soil were collected under different superphosphate fertilizer treatments. Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the rhizosphere soil microbial community, 9 morphological traits were measured and the content of 11 active ingredients were determined. The results showed that the whole plant weight, shoot fresh weight, root weight, and root peel thickness were the highest under P1 treatment, increasing by 34.41%, 38.80%, 39.21%, and 3.17% respectively compared to CK. Under P2 treatment, the plant height, stem diameter, root thickness, and core thickness were significantly higher than CK. Phosphorus fertilizer had a significant impact on the content of tenuifolin, sibiricose A5, sibiricose A6, arillanin A, 3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose, and polygalaxanthone Ⅲ. Correlation analysis results showed that the relative abundance of Arthrobacter, Bacillus, norank＿f＿Vicinamibacteraceae, norank＿o＿Vicinamibacterales, MND1 and other bacteria, as well as the relative abundance of Neocosmospora, Paraphoma and other fungi were positively correlated with root diameter, wood core diameter, the whole plant weight, root weight, shoot fresh weight of P. tenuifolia. Bacillus, Neocosmospora, Subulicystidium were significantly positively correlated with oligosaccharides such as 3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose, sibiricose A5、sibiricose A6、glomeratose A、arillanin A and tenuifoliside C. Arthrobacter, Humicola, Aspergillus, Paraphoma were positively correlated with tenuifolin and norank＿f＿Vicinamibacteraceae, norank＿o＿Vicinamibacterales, Fusarium were positively correlated with polygalaxanthone Ⅲ. Evidently, appropriate phosphorus application is conducive to the growth and quality improvement of P. tenuifolia, and can increase the abundance of beneficial microorganisms in the soil.
Rhizosphere ; Phosphorus/pharmacology* ; Soil Microbiology ; Polygala/anatomy & histology* ; Fertilizers/analysis* ; Bacteria/metabolism* ; Soil/chemistry* ; Microbiota/drug effects* ; Plant Roots/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of the "Three-Step Nine-Method Lumbar Correction" combined with physical therapy in the treatment of patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis(DLS). METHODS: From January 2021 to December 2021, 72 patients diagnosed with DLS were enrolled and divided into the Three-Step Nine-Method Lumbar Correction group and the pelvic traction group, with 36 cases in each group. In the Three-Step Nine-Method Lumbar Correction group, there were 15 males and 21 females;aged 54 to 66 years old, with an average of (59.07±5.69) years old;the course of disease was 14 to 26 years old, with an average of (20.35±5.66) years old. They were treated with the Three-Step Nine-Method Lumbar Correction combined with low-frequency physical therapy, 3 times a week, for a 4-week course. In the pelvic traction group, there were 12 males and 24 females;aged 54 to 66 years old, with an average of (59.69±5.59) years old;the course of disease was 13 to 26 years old, with an average of (19.74±5.80) years old. They were treated with pelvic traction combined with low-frequency physical therapy. Efficacy evaluation was conducted using the visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) before treatment, after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, and at the 8-week follow-up after the end of treatment. In addition, imaging parameters of paravertebral muscles were evaluated before treatment and at the completion of treatment. RESULTS: All 72 patients completed the follow-up for 8 weeks. At the 8-week follow-up after the end of treatment, in the Three-Step Nine-Method Lumbar Correction group, the VAS score for low back pain decreased from (6.25±1.23) points before treatment to (1.25±0.65) points, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05);the ODI decreased from (57.17±7.13)% before treatment to (19.89±5.66)%, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05);the JOA score and SF-36 score increased from (15.46±3.20) points and (35.25±9.28) points before treatment to (23.75±2.10) points and (62.31±13.03) points, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The improvement of each index in the Three-Step Nine-Method Lumbar Correction group was better than that in the pelvic traction group (P<0.05), but the change in imaging parameters was not significant (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05), and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION The Three-Step Nine-Method Lumbar Correction combined with physical therapy has a definite efficacy in the treatment of DLS. It can significantly relieve pain symptoms, improve physical function and patients' quality of life. Its effect is better than that of pelvic traction combined with physical therapy, and it has high safety. However, its improvement on paravertebral muscles is not obvious.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Spondylolisthesis/physiopathology* ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathology* ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Adult

Objective:To construct a remote screening network for breast cancer based on automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and explore the value of ABUS with remote reading for breast cancer screening.Methods:We constructed a remote breast cancer screening network including one remote reading center and 48 image-acquisition centers. We recruited women to participate in breast cancer screening at one of these image-acquisition centers from January 2021 to January 2023. The technicians collected the whole breast images using the ABUS. The images were then sent to the reading center through the PVBUS System and interpreted independently by two radiologists using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). BI-RADS categories 1 and 2 indicate negative screening results, and women diagnosed with these categories were recommended for annual breast ultrasound screening. BI-RADS categories 3, 4, and 5 indicate positive results. Women with BI-RADS category 3 lesions were recommended for follow-up examinations every 6 months using ABUS or handheld ultrasound, while those with BI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions were suggested to undergo pathological examinations.Results:In our study, we enrolled 10 344 women who completed the ABUS screening and were followed up for more than 12 months. After remote reading, 6 164 women were diagnosed with BI-RADS category 1 and 2 626 woman were within BI-RADS category 2. In contrast, 1 404 women were within BI-RADS category 3, a total of 135 women were within BI-RADS category 4, and 15 women were within BI-RADS category 5. The positive screening rate of ABUS was 15.0% (1 554/10 344). The ABUS with remote reading had a detection rate of 3.7/1 000 (38/10 344) for breast cancer screening, with a sensitivity of 97.4% (38/39) and a specificity of 85.3% (8 789/10 305). Among the 38 breast cancer cases detected, 92.1% (35/38) were invasive carcinomas, and 63.2% (24/38) were stage 0 or Ⅰ breast cancers.Conclusions:Breast cancer screening based on ABUS with remote reading provided an efficient and feasible solution to the problem of unevenly distributed medical resources and medical staff levels in various regions of China, enabling the decentralization of high-quality medical resources and improving the accessibility of high-quality screening services. It has provided an alternative for breast cancer screening in China.

Objective:To investigate and compare the clinical outcomes of the arterial pre-occlusion technique(APOT) and the traditional technique in the surgery of locally advanced pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement after conversion therapy.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 145 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement admitted to the Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery of the First Hospital Affiliated to Naval Medical University,from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients completed neoadjuvant therapy for tumors, and the feasibility of radical surgical treatment was determined by a multidisciplinary collaborative team evaluation before surgery. According to whether the intraoperative artery was pre-occluded, 145 patients were divided into two groups, including 28 cases in the APOT group(16 males, 12 females, aged (59.0±9.4) years), and 117 cases in the routine surgery group(76 males, 41 females, aged (55.1±8.2) years). To ensure comparability of baseline data between the APOT group and the routine surgery group, a 1∶2 match was performed using the propensity score matching method, and the caliper value was 0.006 45. The t-test,the Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test or Fisher′s exact test were used to compare the data between the two groups,respectively. Results:After matching the propensity score,there were 28 cases in the APOT group and 56 cases in the routine surgery group. There were no significant differences in gender,age,preoperative comorbidities,preoperative body mass index,surgical approaches,chemotherapy regimen,stereotactic body radiation therapy ratio,tumor markers,and type of invaded artery between the two groups (all P>0.05).The arterial occlusion time M(IQR) in the APOT group was 7.0(3.8)minutes(range:3 to 15 minutes),and no ischemic manifestations were observed in the distal target organs that blocked blood vessels after surgery. The operation time was (170.3±57.7)minutes in the APOT group and (235.0±80.2)minutes in the routine surgery group,and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.800, P<0.01). The APOT group also experienced less intraoperative blood loss(650(588)ml vs. 800(600)ml; U=1 026.500, P=0.021). No significant differences were found between the groups in combined vein resection and reconstruction,celiac trunk resection,early postoperative complications, readmission rates at 30 days,and postoperative length of stay(all P>0.05). Extra-arterial dissection was performed in all patients,with arterial resection and reconstruction in 3 cases: 2 cases in the APOT group(1 case involving the superior mesenteric artery and 1 case involving the common hepatic artery) and 1 case in the routine group(involving the common hepatic artery). Postoperative abdominal bleeding occurred in 4 cases,with 3 cases in the routine group,1 case in the routine group. The R0 resection rate was 85.7%(24/28) in the APOT group and 80.4%(45/56) in the routine group,without significant differences between the groups( P=0.763). The median overall survival time was 27.6 months for the APOT group and 22.5 months for the routine group,while the median disease-free survival was 11.7 months and 16.8 months,respectively,with no significant differences between the two groups( P=0.532, P=0.927). Conclusion:The arterial pre-occlusion technique can be used for extra-arterial dissection in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer involving the arteries,reducing surgery time and intraoperative blood loss.

Objective:To construct a remote screening network for breast cancer based on automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and explore the value of ABUS with remote reading for breast cancer screening.Methods:We constructed a remote breast cancer screening network including one remote reading center and 48 image-acquisition centers. We recruited women to participate in breast cancer screening at one of these image-acquisition centers from January 2021 to January 2023. The technicians collected the whole breast images using the ABUS. The images were then sent to the reading center through the PVBUS System and interpreted independently by two radiologists using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). BI-RADS categories 1 and 2 indicate negative screening results, and women diagnosed with these categories were recommended for annual breast ultrasound screening. BI-RADS categories 3, 4, and 5 indicate positive results. Women with BI-RADS category 3 lesions were recommended for follow-up examinations every 6 months using ABUS or handheld ultrasound, while those with BI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions were suggested to undergo pathological examinations.Results:In our study, we enrolled 10 344 women who completed the ABUS screening and were followed up for more than 12 months. After remote reading, 6 164 women were diagnosed with BI-RADS category 1 and 2 626 woman were within BI-RADS category 2. In contrast, 1 404 women were within BI-RADS category 3, a total of 135 women were within BI-RADS category 4, and 15 women were within BI-RADS category 5. The positive screening rate of ABUS was 15.0% (1 554/10 344). The ABUS with remote reading had a detection rate of 3.7/1 000 (38/10 344) for breast cancer screening, with a sensitivity of 97.4% (38/39) and a specificity of 85.3% (8 789/10 305). Among the 38 breast cancer cases detected, 92.1% (35/38) were invasive carcinomas, and 63.2% (24/38) were stage 0 or Ⅰ breast cancers.Conclusions:Breast cancer screening based on ABUS with remote reading provided an efficient and feasible solution to the problem of unevenly distributed medical resources and medical staff levels in various regions of China, enabling the decentralization of high-quality medical resources and improving the accessibility of high-quality screening services. It has provided an alternative for breast cancer screening in China.

Objective To investigate the differential diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)/PET/CT combined with serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),β2-microglobulin(β2-MG),and C-reactive protein(CRP)in sarcoidosis and lymphoma.Methods The 18F-FDG PET/CT images of 19 patients with sarcoidosis and 33 patients with lymphoma were analyzed retrospectively.The lymph node maximum diameter,density,distribution morphology,maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax),extra-nodal involvement,and serum LDH,β2-MG,and CRP results were analyzed and compared.Results There was no statistically significant difference between sarcoidosis and lymphoma in lymph node density,necrosis rate,and SUVmax(P＞0.05).There was statistically significant difference in the maximum diameter between lymph nodes in sarcoidosis(2.4±0.7)cm and lymphoma(3.3±1.3)cm(P＜0.05).The incidence of symmetric enlargement of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes was 84.2％in sarcoidosis,the lymph node fusion rate was 21.1％,the lung involvement rate was 57.8％,the spleen involvement rate was 10.5％,and the rates of lymphoma were 15.2％,63.6％,0.0％,and 36.4％,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in LDH and β2-MG between the two groups(P＜0.05),but the differences in CRP were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion PET/CT can show the anatomy of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes and extra-nodal affected organs as well as glucose metabolism,showing a certain differential diagnostic value of sarcoidosis and lymphoma when combined with serum LDH and β2-MG levels.

Objective:To investigate and compare the clinical outcomes of the arterial pre-occlusion technique(APOT) and the traditional technique in the surgery of locally advanced pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement after conversion therapy.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 145 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement admitted to the Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery of the First Hospital Affiliated to Naval Medical University,from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients completed neoadjuvant therapy for tumors, and the feasibility of radical surgical treatment was determined by a multidisciplinary collaborative team evaluation before surgery. According to whether the intraoperative artery was pre-occluded, 145 patients were divided into two groups, including 28 cases in the APOT group(16 males, 12 females, aged (59.0±9.4) years), and 117 cases in the routine surgery group(76 males, 41 females, aged (55.1±8.2) years). To ensure comparability of baseline data between the APOT group and the routine surgery group, a 1∶2 match was performed using the propensity score matching method, and the caliper value was 0.006 45. The t-test,the Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test or Fisher′s exact test were used to compare the data between the two groups,respectively. Results:After matching the propensity score,there were 28 cases in the APOT group and 56 cases in the routine surgery group. There were no significant differences in gender,age,preoperative comorbidities,preoperative body mass index,surgical approaches,chemotherapy regimen,stereotactic body radiation therapy ratio,tumor markers,and type of invaded artery between the two groups (all P>0.05).The arterial occlusion time M(IQR) in the APOT group was 7.0(3.8)minutes(range:3 to 15 minutes),and no ischemic manifestations were observed in the distal target organs that blocked blood vessels after surgery. The operation time was (170.3±57.7)minutes in the APOT group and (235.0±80.2)minutes in the routine surgery group,and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.800, P<0.01). The APOT group also experienced less intraoperative blood loss(650(588)ml vs. 800(600)ml; U=1 026.500, P=0.021). No significant differences were found between the groups in combined vein resection and reconstruction,celiac trunk resection,early postoperative complications, readmission rates at 30 days,and postoperative length of stay(all P>0.05). Extra-arterial dissection was performed in all patients,with arterial resection and reconstruction in 3 cases: 2 cases in the APOT group(1 case involving the superior mesenteric artery and 1 case involving the common hepatic artery) and 1 case in the routine group(involving the common hepatic artery). Postoperative abdominal bleeding occurred in 4 cases,with 3 cases in the routine group,1 case in the routine group. The R0 resection rate was 85.7%(24/28) in the APOT group and 80.4%(45/56) in the routine group,without significant differences between the groups( P=0.763). The median overall survival time was 27.6 months for the APOT group and 22.5 months for the routine group,while the median disease-free survival was 11.7 months and 16.8 months,respectively,with no significant differences between the two groups( P=0.532, P=0.927). Conclusion:The arterial pre-occlusion technique can be used for extra-arterial dissection in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer involving the arteries,reducing surgery time and intraoperative blood loss.