Objective Orosomucoid1 （ORM1） is a novel target in the quest for anti-fatigue pharmacotherapy. Preliminary investigations have illuminated oleuropein （OLE） as a promising candidate molecule, poised to enhance ORM1 expression. To elucidate the influence of OLE on ORM1 protein expression and assess its ramifications on muscle endurance. Methods The impact of OLE on ORM1 protein expressions within hepatocytes and liver tissue was meticulously quantified through Western blotting; the effects of OLE on muscle endurance were evaluated via the rotarod and forced swimming tests; glycogen content within liver and muscle tissues was determined utilizing a specialized kit; and PAS staining was employed to visualize glycogen deposition in the gastrocnemius muscle. Results OLE demonstrated a capacity to elevate ORM1 protein expression in hepatocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner, concurrently prolonging the duration of swimming and rotarod performance in mice, also in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, OLE augmented ORM1 expression in liver tissue, elevated serum ORM1 levels, and enhanced glycogen reserves within the liver and muscle. Conclusion OLE may serve to amplify muscle endurance by elevating ORM1 levels in vivo and augmenting glycogen stores within skeletal muscle.

To investigate the positivity rates of specific antibodies, including parietal cell antibody (PCA) and anti-inner factor antibody (IFA), in a community population in Xinjiang for autoimmune gastritis (AIG), determine the prevalence of AIG, and analyze the correlations of PCA and IFA with clinical characteristics, pepsinogen (PG), gastrin 17 (G17), and Helicobacter pylori antibody (Hp-Ab).

Objective This study aims to develop an early in-hospital temperature management protocol for heat stroke patients and assess its effectiveness,providing guidance for rapid cooling and precise target temperature control.Methods The protocol was developed through a Delphi expert consultation combined with expert panel meetings.A multi-center,non-randomized,historical control study was conducted,utilizing convenience sampling to select heat stroke patients from the emergency departments of 7 tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang Province,China,between June and August 2024 as an experimental group.The protocol was implemented in this group,while the control group consisted of heat stroke patients treated between June and August 2022,prior to protocol implementation.Cooling rates,target temperature attainment rates,and clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.Results The final protocol included 6 primary indicators,23 secondary indicators,and 56 tertiary indicators.After protocol implementation,the experimental group achieved a cooling rate of 0.08(0.05～0.09)℃/min within 0.5 hours,significantly higher than the control group,which had a rate of 0.04(0.02～0.06)℃/min(P＜0.001).The target temperature attainment rates at 0.5 hours and 2.0 hours were 55.93％and 98.31％,respectively,significantly higher than the rates of 15.87％and 61.11％in the control group(P＜0.001).The mechanical ventilation rate,hospitalization rate,ICU admission rate,and mortality rate in the experimental group were 25.42％,61.02％,44.07％,and 8.47％,respectively.Logistic regression analysis revealed that the early in-hospital temperature management protocol significantly reduced the risk of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization in heat stroke patients,with odds ratios(ORs)of 0.294 and 0.300,respectively(both P＜0.05).Conclusion The developed protocol for early in-hospital temperature management in heat stroke patients is scientific,systematic,and practical.It improves cooling rates and target temperature attainment,thereby enhancing the prognosis of heat stroke patients.

Objective:To understand the current status and characteristics of clinical trials for oral diseases in China, for the purpose of providing a reference for the research and development of oral diseases in China.Methods:Retrieving the information on clinical trials related to oral diseases registered on the "Platforms for drug clinical trial registration and information" of the National Medical Products Administration from the date of the database establishment to December 31, 2024. The number of clinical trials, type of drugs, trial phases, indication, trial scope, design types were statistically analyzed.Results:As of December 31, 2024, a total of 578 drug clinical trials for oral disease were registered, accounting for 2.1% (578/27 905) of the clinical trials disclosed on the platform during the same period. Bioequivalence clinical trials accounted for the highest proportion [73.9% (427/578)], followed by Phase Ⅰ [9.0% (52/578)], Phase Ⅱ [8.0% (46/578)], and Phase Ⅲ [4.5% (26/578)]. The 578 clinical trials involved 149 types of trial drugs, mainly chemical drugs, among which 127 were developed by domestic pharmaceutical enterprises and 27 by international pharmaceutical enterprises (the five investigational drugs have undergone clinical trials by both domestic and international pharmaceutical companies). The project leader units of the 578 drug clinical trials were distributed in 27 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Excluding 427 bioequivalence clinical trials, the project leader units of 151 new drug clinical trials showed a significant aggregation phenomenon, and only three specialized oral hospitals have served as project leader units for drug clinical trials.Conclusions:The number of drug clinical trials for oral disease in China has generally shown an increasing trend, but there are still problems such as small number of clinical trials, low proportion of investment in new drug development and international multicenter trials, concentrated indications of clinical trials and insufficient clinical trial experience in specialized oral medical institutions. Enhancing the enthusiasm and innovation capabilities of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises in the research and development of oral diseases drugs, exploring the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine/natural medicine resources for oral diseases, and establishing a clinical research system in specialized oral medical institutions are of great significance for the development of oral drugs.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of serum anti-deamidated gliadin peptide antibody immunoglobulin A (DGP-IgA) in adult celiac disease.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Clinical data of 80 adult celiac disease patients (celiac disease group) treated in the Department of Gastroenterology of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from September 2020 to December 2023 were collected. Meanwhile, 40 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations were selected as the healthy control group. According to the Oslo definition of celiac disease, 80 celiac disease patients were classified into classical type (52 patients), non-classical type (21 patients), and subclinical type (7 patients). Serum DGP-IgA and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody immunoglobulin A (tTG-IgA) were measured in both celiac disease and healthy control groups by using the ELISA method. The degree of intestinal mucosal damage in celiac disease patients was assessed by the Marsh Oberhuber histopathological grading system (Marsh grading for short) using the small intestinal biopsy pathological results. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences in serum DGP-IgA and tTG-IgA between the two groups, as well as the differences in antibodies among different clinical phenotypes. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between serum DGP-IgA level and Marsh grading. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of DGP-IgA, tTG-IgA, and the combination of DGP-IgA and tTG-IgA for celiac disease.Results:Among the 80 celiac disease patients, there were 19 males and 61 females, with a mean age of 45.31 ± 14.96 years. In the healthy control group, there were 15 males and 25 females, with a mean age of 47.03 ± 11.86 years. There were no statistically significant differences in age and gender between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The level of DGP-IgA and tTG-IgA in the celiac disease group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group [DGP-IgA: 308.31 (279.86, 349.92) U/ml vs. 269.85 (251.42, 290.40) U/ml, P < 0.01; tTG-IgA: 261.05 (79.23, 2 542.30) U/ml vs. 1.90 (1.90, 2.40) U/ml, P < 0.01]. Further subtype analysis revealed that DGP-IgA level in classical celiac disease patients was higher than that in subclinical celiac disease patients [314.63 (289.35, 357.30) U/ml vs. 275.65 (260.90, 296.72) U/ml, P < 0.05], with statistically significant difference. Serum DGP-IgA level in celiac disease patients was positively correlated with Marsh grading ( r = 0.343, P < 0.01). The ROC curve results showed that the area under curve (AUC) for serum DGP-IgA in diagnosing celiac disease was 0.768, with an optimal cutoff value of 292.51 U/ml, sensitivity of 66.3%, and specificity of 77.5%; AUC for serum tTG-IgA was 0.974, with an optimal cutoff value of 20.1 U/ml, sensitivity of 92.5%, and specificity of 95.0%; AUC for the combination of DGP-IgA and tTG-IgA was 0.991, with a sensitivity of 98.8% and specificity of 97.5%. Conclusions:Serum DGP-IgA alone has limited clinical significance in diagnosing adult celiac disease. The diagnostic efficacy can be improved only when combined with tTG-IgA detection.

Objective To determine the acute effects of blood flow restriction(BFR)running warm-up on Achilles tendon morphology and function in basketball players in order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing warm-up protocols for military personnel and athletes susceptible to Achilles tendon injuries.Methods Twenty-seven male basketball players were subjected and asked to participate in 3 different running warm-up protocols:low-speed running(LSR),high-speed running(HSR),and BFR combined with LSR(BFR-LSR).The acute changes in Achilles tendon morphology,mechanical properties,and functional performance across the 3 testing sessions were analyzed and compared.Results Immediately after training,both HSR warm-up and BFR-LSR warm-up significantly improved Achilles tendon thickness,blood flow,stiffness,and gastrocnemius maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC)when compared with LSR warm-up(P<0.05).No statistical differences were observed in above indicators between the BFR-LSR and HSR warm-ups(P>0.05).24 hours after training,compared with LSR warm-up,HSR warm-up still significantly improved Achilles tendon thickness,blood flow,stiffness,and gastrocnemius MVIC(P<0.05).Although BFR-LSR warm-up did not show statistically significant differences in these parameters compared to LSR warm-up,it still demonstrated positive trends.Immediately and 24 h after training,no obvious difference were found in jump performance among the 3 warm-up protocols(P>0.05),but,both BFR-LSR and HSR warm-ups exhibited superior performance than LSR warm-up.Conclusion Immediately after training,BFR-LSR warm-up demonstrates comparable effects to the HSR warm-up on improving Achilles tendon morphology and performance,as well as enhancing jump performance.However,its sustained and long-term effects require further investigation.

Objective To analyze the differences in the epidemiological characteristics,susceptible popula-tions,and laboratory index of patients with common acute upper respiratory tract infections(novel coronavir-us infection,influenza A and influenza B)between plateau and plain areas.Methods Clinical data of 408 008 patients with symptoms of fever or upper respiratory tract infection in the fever clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University and General Hospital of Xizang Military Command from January 2023 to Au-gust 2024 were collected.The epidemic characteristics,susceptible populations,and peripheral blood test data were compared and analyzed.Results The total positive rate of novel coronavirus infection,influenza A virus and influenza B virus infection in plain group(17.86％)was higher than that in plateau group(14.49％),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The positive rates(17.98％and 17.76％)of male and female upper respiratory tract infection pathogens(novel coronavirus,influenza A virus and influenza B virus)in plain group were higher than those in plateau group(13.94％and 16.00％),and the differences were statis-tically significant(P＜0.05).The total positive rates of three kinds of upper respiratory tract infection patho-gens were 16.21％,18.27％and 14.63％in the plain group,and 14.62％,14.06％and 21.26％in the plateau group,respectively.According to the results of pathogen analysis of susceptible populations,whether it was plateau or plain,the positive rate of influenza A virus was higher in the minor group,the positive rate of influ-enza B virus was highest in the adult group,and the positive rate of novel coronavirus was highest in the elder-ly group.In terms of epidemic season,plateau and plain areas were different,and the epidemic occurred earlier in the plain area.In terms of peripheral blood test indicators,there were statistically significant differences in lymphocyte count,monocyte count,neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and other indicators between plateau group and plain group(P＜0.05),while there were no statistically significant differences in white blood cell count between plateau group and plain group(P＞0.05).Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of acute upper respiratory tract infection in plateau area are obviously different from those in plain area,which may be related to the natural environment and human geography environment.

Objective:To analyze the current status of clinical trials of Chinese materia medica for the purpose of registration in China; To provide reference for the research and development of new TCM drugs.Methods:Clinical trials of Chinese materia medica/natural medicine registered in Drug Clinical Trial Registration and Information Disclosure Platform were retrieved from inception to December 31, 2024. Excel 2019 software was used to input and analyze the data such as the number of registered clinical trials, date of first publication, study status, field of indication, trial phases, sponsors, group leader, and design types.Results:A total of 1 137 Chinese materia medica clinical trials had been registered, accounting for 4.12% of the total number registered on the platform. Phase Ⅱ clinical trials accounted for the highest proportion (58.8%), and 99.7% of clinical trials conducted domestically. The sponsors were predominantly domestically pharmaceutical enterprises. These 1 137 clinical trials of Chinese materia medica clinical trials involved 752 drug categories, 28 dosage forms, and 796 varieties (the same class of drugs had different drug dosage forms), with capsules being the most common. The indications primarily focused on respiratory, digestive, cardio-cerebrovascular, neuropsychiatric, gynecological diseases. The group leader of clinical trials was distributed in 28 provinces, among which the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as the group leader, undertook the most clinical trials of TCM. 89.9% of the clinical trials adopted the randomized controlled trial design, and only 31.9% of the clinical trials purchased insurance for the subjects.Conclusion:The research and development of new TCM drugs has entered a phase of vigorous development. Further efforts are still needed in establishing systematic guidelines for Chinese materia medica clinical trials, accelerating the internationalization of TCM, exploring innovative dosage forms and indications, and strengthening the protection of participants' rights.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of serum anti-deamidated gliadin peptide antibody immunoglobulin A (DGP-IgA) in adult celiac disease.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Clinical data of 80 adult celiac disease patients (celiac disease group) treated in the Department of Gastroenterology of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from September 2020 to December 2023 were collected. Meanwhile, 40 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations were selected as the healthy control group. According to the Oslo definition of celiac disease, 80 celiac disease patients were classified into classical type (52 patients), non-classical type (21 patients), and subclinical type (7 patients). Serum DGP-IgA and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody immunoglobulin A (tTG-IgA) were measured in both celiac disease and healthy control groups by using the ELISA method. The degree of intestinal mucosal damage in celiac disease patients was assessed by the Marsh Oberhuber histopathological grading system (Marsh grading for short) using the small intestinal biopsy pathological results. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences in serum DGP-IgA and tTG-IgA between the two groups, as well as the differences in antibodies among different clinical phenotypes. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between serum DGP-IgA level and Marsh grading. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of DGP-IgA, tTG-IgA, and the combination of DGP-IgA and tTG-IgA for celiac disease.Results:Among the 80 celiac disease patients, there were 19 males and 61 females, with a mean age of 45.31 ± 14.96 years. In the healthy control group, there were 15 males and 25 females, with a mean age of 47.03 ± 11.86 years. There were no statistically significant differences in age and gender between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The level of DGP-IgA and tTG-IgA in the celiac disease group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group [DGP-IgA: 308.31 (279.86, 349.92) U/ml vs. 269.85 (251.42, 290.40) U/ml, P < 0.01; tTG-IgA: 261.05 (79.23, 2 542.30) U/ml vs. 1.90 (1.90, 2.40) U/ml, P < 0.01]. Further subtype analysis revealed that DGP-IgA level in classical celiac disease patients was higher than that in subclinical celiac disease patients [314.63 (289.35, 357.30) U/ml vs. 275.65 (260.90, 296.72) U/ml, P < 0.05], with statistically significant difference. Serum DGP-IgA level in celiac disease patients was positively correlated with Marsh grading ( r = 0.343, P < 0.01). The ROC curve results showed that the area under curve (AUC) for serum DGP-IgA in diagnosing celiac disease was 0.768, with an optimal cutoff value of 292.51 U/ml, sensitivity of 66.3%, and specificity of 77.5%; AUC for serum tTG-IgA was 0.974, with an optimal cutoff value of 20.1 U/ml, sensitivity of 92.5%, and specificity of 95.0%; AUC for the combination of DGP-IgA and tTG-IgA was 0.991, with a sensitivity of 98.8% and specificity of 97.5%. Conclusions:Serum DGP-IgA alone has limited clinical significance in diagnosing adult celiac disease. The diagnostic efficacy can be improved only when combined with tTG-IgA detection.

Objective:To review drug clinical trial development in Shaanxi province and to understand the effectiveness of the implementation of a record system in promoting drug clinical trial development.Methods:Based on the data of drug clinical trials in Shaanxi province released on the official website of the National Medical Products Administration, this study made a statistical analysis of the number of drug clinical trial institutions, regional distribution, registered majors and principal investigators, and the development of drug clinical trial projects.Results:After implementing drug clinical trial institution registration, the drug clinical trial institutions in Shaanxi Province developed rapidly, increasing from 20 in the qualification period to 46, with a growth rate of 130%. A total of 113 specialties were recorded, of which the highest number of professional records were for endocrinology and oncology. 46 institutions recorded 1, 094 principal investigators and participated in 3803 drug clinical trial projects. However, only 8 institutions had undertaken drug clinical trial projects as group leaders.Conclusions:The number of drug clinical trial institutions in Shaanxi province increased significantly, reflecting a good overall development status. However, issues still exist, such as unbalanced development of clinical trial resources within the region, insufficient researchers with the ability to conduct clinical trials, relatively concentrated drug clinical trial projects, and lack of experience in undertaking clinical trials as a group leader.