Objective To study the practical effect of psychological stress protection training on the pilots in over sea fight missions , and to provide pilots with feasible techniques and training methods for the flight over sea. Methods Forty pilots who performed the flight missions over sea were chosen as the research objects.Their physiological and objective indexes ,including heart rate variability (HRV) ,EEG ,self-rated scale of stress degree were collected within half an hour after the flight mission.Then ,30-min psychological stress protection training was carried out.The above indicators were collected again as the training finished.The physiological indexes were compared between the states of pilots before and after psychological stress protection training to assess the training effectiveness.Similar comparison was done between the states of pilots before and after psychological stress protection training in over sea flight simulation. Results ① The HRV analysis in time domain indicated that the percentage of mormal adjacent NN interval difference ＞ 50 ms (PNN50) of pilots after psychological stress protection training was significantly higher than that before training(t＝ 2.198 ,P＜ 0.05).② The HRV analysis in frequency domain indicated that the normalized HF (HFnorm ) of pilots after psychological stress protection training was significantly higher than that before training (t＝ 7.102 ,P＜0.01),the normalized LF(LFnorm) of pilots after psychological stress protection training was significantly lower than that before training (t＝ 7.102 , P＜0.01).③The EEG analysis showed that α wave index of pilots after psychological stress protection training was significantly higher than that before training (t＝3.909 ,P＜0.01) ,but β wave index was significantly lower (t＝2.966 ,P＜0.01).④As compared with the data from flight simulation task the values of standard deviations of all NN intervals (SDNN) ,standard deviation of successive difference between adjacent NN intervals and very low frequency were significantly lower before stress protection training (t＝3.149 ,2.266 ,2.471 ,P＜ 0.01 or 0.05).β wave index was significantly increased (t＝5.067 ,P＜0.01).SDNN ,β wave indexes and HFnorm of pilots were significantly increased by stress protection training (t＝2.621 ,3.062 ,4.757 ,P＜0.05 or 0.01) while LFnorm significantly decreased (t＝2.621 ,P＜0.05).⑤The self-rated scale of stress degree of pilots were significantly decreased by the training (t ＝ 7.833 , P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions Psychological stress protection training is an effective way for the pilots performing over sea flight missions.

Objective To explore the characteristics of operational psychological quality of pilots and establish a model. Methods The operational psychological quality questionnaire was produced on the base of working analysis and expert′s experience and was distributed to 99 pilots who participated in a military exercise for the investigation.A five-level affirmative importance measure fuzzy evaluation was used to recalculate the survey results , and the indicators for evaluating the operational psychological quality of pilots were extracted.According to the index connotation and exploratory factor analysis , the indicators were classified , summarized and summarized to form a pilot′s operational psychological quality model. Results ① In the fuzzy evaluation of the five-level affirmative importance measure ,136 items with the importance greater than 0.477 could be used as the evaluation indicators of operational psychological quality of pilots.Seventy-one indicators with relatively clear attribution were classified into 22 basic psychological ability indicators , 15 basic physiological ability indicators ,and 34 flight operational theory knowledge indicators ,including 25 basic theoretical knowledge and 9 flight-related knowledge.②In the exploratory factor analysis ,the principal component analysis was used to obtain the 3-factor structural model from 65 indicators , including 32 indicators of flight operational mental ability , 17 indicators of flight operational psychological mental power ,and 16 indicators of flight operational personal trait.③By classifying the items of the first-level indicators ,an operational psychological quality model of pilots was established , consisting of 4 first-level indexes that including flight operational mental ability ,flight operational personality characteristics ,flight operational mental power and flight operational theory knowledge , and 22 second-level indicators. Conclusions This study provides a theoretical basis for training and evaluating the psychological quality of pilots to perform operational missions.

Objective To study the practical effect of psychological stress protection training on the pilots in over sea fight missions , and to provide pilots with feasible techniques and training methods for the flight over sea. Methods Forty pilots who performed the flight missions over sea were chosen as the research objects.Their physiological and objective indexes ,including heart rate variability (HRV) ,EEG ,self-rated scale of stress degree were collected within half an hour after the flight mission.Then ,30-min psychological stress protection training was carried out.The above indicators were collected again as the training finished.The physiological indexes were compared between the states of pilots before and after psychological stress protection training to assess the training effectiveness.Similar comparison was done between the states of pilots before and after psychological stress protection training in over sea flight simulation. Results ① The HRV analysis in time domain indicated that the percentage of mormal adjacent NN interval difference ＞ 50 ms (PNN50) of pilots after psychological stress protection training was significantly higher than that before training(t＝ 2.198 ,P＜ 0.05).② The HRV analysis in frequency domain indicated that the normalized HF (HFnorm ) of pilots after psychological stress protection training was significantly higher than that before training (t＝ 7.102 ,P＜0.01),the normalized LF(LFnorm) of pilots after psychological stress protection training was significantly lower than that before training (t＝ 7.102 , P＜0.01).③The EEG analysis showed that α wave index of pilots after psychological stress protection training was significantly higher than that before training (t＝3.909 ,P＜0.01) ,but β wave index was significantly lower (t＝2.966 ,P＜0.01).④As compared with the data from flight simulation task the values of standard deviations of all NN intervals (SDNN) ,standard deviation of successive difference between adjacent NN intervals and very low frequency were significantly lower before stress protection training (t＝3.149 ,2.266 ,2.471 ,P＜ 0.01 or 0.05).β wave index was significantly increased (t＝5.067 ,P＜0.01).SDNN ,β wave indexes and HFnorm of pilots were significantly increased by stress protection training (t＝2.621 ,3.062 ,4.757 ,P＜0.05 or 0.01) while LFnorm significantly decreased (t＝2.621 ,P＜0.05).⑤The self-rated scale of stress degree of pilots were significantly decreased by the training (t ＝ 7.833 , P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions Psychological stress protection training is an effective way for the pilots performing over sea flight missions.

Objective To explore the characteristics of operational psychological quality of pilots and establish a model. Methods The operational psychological quality questionnaire was produced on the base of working analysis and expert′s experience and was distributed to 99 pilots who participated in a military exercise for the investigation.A five-level affirmative importance measure fuzzy evaluation was used to recalculate the survey results , and the indicators for evaluating the operational psychological quality of pilots were extracted.According to the index connotation and exploratory factor analysis , the indicators were classified , summarized and summarized to form a pilot′s operational psychological quality model. Results ① In the fuzzy evaluation of the five-level affirmative importance measure ,136 items with the importance greater than 0.477 could be used as the evaluation indicators of operational psychological quality of pilots.Seventy-one indicators with relatively clear attribution were classified into 22 basic psychological ability indicators , 15 basic physiological ability indicators ,and 34 flight operational theory knowledge indicators ,including 25 basic theoretical knowledge and 9 flight-related knowledge.②In the exploratory factor analysis ,the principal component analysis was used to obtain the 3-factor structural model from 65 indicators , including 32 indicators of flight operational mental ability , 17 indicators of flight operational psychological mental power ,and 16 indicators of flight operational personal trait.③By classifying the items of the first-level indicators ,an operational psychological quality model of pilots was established , consisting of 4 first-level indexes that including flight operational mental ability ,flight operational personality characteristics ,flight operational mental power and flight operational theory knowledge , and 22 second-level indicators. Conclusions This study provides a theoretical basis for training and evaluating the psychological quality of pilots to perform operational missions.

Objective To discuss the influence of framing information and time window information upon risk decision making about thrombolysis therapy in patients with cerebral infarction or their relatives in the scenarios of thrombolytic therapy for acute cerebral infarction.Methods Inpatients and outpatients with cerebral infarction or their relatives(n=327) were randomly divided into positive framing group(n=187) and negative framing group(n=140).Every participant underwent risky messages about thrombolytic treatment in three different time windows:0-90 minutes,91-180 minutes and 181-270 minutes.Results In any thrombolytic time window condition,there was no significant difference in thrombolytic tendency of participants between the positive framing group and the negative framing group (0-90 min:x2=1.24,P＞ 0.05;91-180 minutes:x2 =0.35,P＞0.05;181-270 minutes:x2 =0.07,P＞ 0.05).In a negative framework conditions,compared with the participants receiving thrombolytic information in 181-270 minutes time window,subjects receiving thrombolytic information in 0-90 minutes window were more tolerant of thrombolytic treatment (69.3 ％ vs 51.5 ％,P＜ 0.0125).Conclusion There are mutual effects of time window and framing information upon participants' preferences for thrombolysis.Different thrombolytic information are presented according to their corresponding time windows.

Objective To review the development of competency in various occupations,and to prospect the application of competency research in the selection,training,assessment.etc.for military flight personnel.Literature resource and selection The related articles published at home and abroad.Literature quotation Fifty-one references are cited.Literature synthesis The widely accepted concept of competency is the potential or the deep personal characteristics that distinguished the persons with outstanding achievements from the others who were with mediocre performance in a work (or organization,culture).The main models of competency are iceberg model,onion model and pyramid model.Since the concept of competency was proposed,it has been widely concerned and deeply researched in many fields of China and abroad for its function in identifying the deep personal characteristics of excellent and general staff's occupation performance.The main research methods are behavioral event interview,questionnaire survey,situational judgment tests,focus group interview and job analysis.The military flight occupation highly requires personnel psychological traits.Related work of competency has been applied and got favorable and pratical results carried out and good actual effect has obtained in this field now.But it still can't compltetly satisfy the actual needs.Study on the competency of military flight personnel can provide theoretical basis of index system for psychological selection,psychological training,annual psychological assessment and daily psychological selfmaintenance.It will actualize the expectation on application of competency models and offer the help to finally establish "selection and placement system","assessment and training system" and "security and protection system".Conclusions For the higher performance fighter aircraft required,researching on competency and building aircraft and occupation orientated traits are signifying much,and the results would play a momentous role in flight personnel selection,placement,mental training and psychological health care.

Objective To review the development of competency in various occupations,and to prospect the application of competency research in the selection,training,assessment.etc.for military flight personnel.Literature resource and selection The related articles published at home and abroad.Literature quotation Fifty-one references are cited.Literature synthesis The widely accepted concept of competency is the potential or the deep personal characteristics that distinguished the persons with outstanding achievements from the others who were with mediocre performance in a work (or organization,culture).The main models of competency are iceberg model,onion model and pyramid model.Since the concept of competency was proposed,it has been widely concerned and deeply researched in many fields of China and abroad for its function in identifying the deep personal characteristics of excellent and general staff's occupation performance.The main research methods are behavioral event interview,questionnaire survey,situational judgment tests,focus group interview and job analysis.The military flight occupation highly requires personnel psychological traits.Related work of competency has been applied and got favorable and pratical results carried out and good actual effect has obtained in this field now.But it still can't compltetly satisfy the actual needs.Study on the competency of military flight personnel can provide theoretical basis of index system for psychological selection,psychological training,annual psychological assessment and daily psychological selfmaintenance.It will actualize the expectation on application of competency models and offer the help to finally establish "selection and placement system","assessment and training system" and "security and protection system".Conclusions For the higher performance fighter aircraft required,researching on competency and building aircraft and occupation orientated traits are signifying much,and the results would play a momentous role in flight personnel selection,placement,mental training and psychological health care.

Objective Influence of cover statement and clarity of the messages upon risk decision making about thrombolysis therapy in patients with cerebral infarction was discussed in the Scenarios of thrombolytic therapy for acute cerebral infarction.Methods Inpatients and outpatients with cerebral infarction were randomly divided into two groups:detailed / simple cover statement group.Every participant underwent obscure messages and clear messages with only one frame:positive or negative frame.Results In the simple cover statement group,both obscure messages subgroup and clear messages subgroup were not influenced by the framing effect with preference to the risk seeking.In the detailed cover statement group,participants in the clear messages group were not influenced by the framing effect(x 2 =0.19,P＞0.05),while the subjects in the obscure messages group were actually affected by the framing effect,with the preference to risk seeking in the positive framework (x 2=7.90,P＜0.01).Conclusion The risk decision making about thrombolysis therapy in patients with cerebral infarction is influenced by cover statements and clarity of the messages.To improve the rate of thrombolysis therapy,the patients should be exposed to the obscure messages in the positive framing information under the detailed cover statement.

Objective To sum up the current status and developmental trend of researches on recuperative medicine worldwide,and to suggest the orientation,aims and focus of research work of recuperative medicine in PLA.Methods Review of published literature was used and on-the-spot investigation was performed to retrieve the publishments in concern and achievements in scientific researches acquired and published in recent years domestically and abroad,and analyze the new progresses and developmental trend of the subject of recuperative medicine.Results With the advances in modern science and technology,recuperative medicine has developed quickly in PLA in recent 5years,and outstanding achievements have been acquired in recuperative management,recuperative rehabilitation,recuperative nursing,recuperative psychology and recuperation for special troops.Conclusion Researches should be done in the future on some core techniques of recuperative medicine,such as natural factor therapy.Meanwhile,more attention should be paid on the recuperative prevention,recuperative health maintenance,recuperative treatment and recuperative rehabilitation for the servicemen who suffered physical and mental injuries induced by high nervous stress and compound risky factors under the condition of high-tech wars on carrying out risky and perilous tasks.