Objective To design a mobile personnel radiation protection equipment for operation in environments with high radiation such as spent fuel reprocessing plants, to achieve simultaneous protection against γ radiation, neutron radiation, and radioactive aerosol, to reduce the internal and external exposure dose of radioactive workers, and to meet the requirement of operation for two hours. Methods The core parts of the mobile personnel radiation protection equipment included a shielding chamber and a respiratory maintenance system. An automated chassis was used for the movement and lifting of the shielding chamber. MCNP software was used to simulate and calculate the protective effects of shielding chamber made of different materials and material thicknesses. Experimental verification of the shielding chamber design was conducted. Mathematical models were established to describe the variations in the content of various gases in the chamber with personnel operation time. A respiratory maintenance system, a harmful gas absorption device, and an automated mobile chassis were designed. Results The shielding chamber made of polyethylene with a thickness of 80 mm achieved an 80% neutron shielding rate. The respiratory maintenance system could support workers for 2 hours of operation inside the equipment. The mobile chassis allowed operation of the equipment with one person. Conclusion This mobile personnel radiation protection equipment can solve the problem in simultaneous protection against γ radiation, neutron radiation, and radioactive aerosol. The equipment can provide radiation protection for radioactive workers, reduce exposure dose, and reduce personnel burden. This system provides technical means for the operation and maintenance of equipment in high-radiation sites such as spent fuel reprocessing plants.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of labial mucosa graft coupled preputial island flap urethroplasty for recurrent penile curvature after hypospadias repair.Methods:The data of 35 patients with recurrent penile curvature after hypospadias repair who underwent labial mucosa graft coupled preputial island flap urethroplasty in four hospitals from January 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. The median age of the patients was 15(13, 18)years old, five of them had penile dehiscence, and four had urethrocutaneous fistula. All patients received labial mucosa graft coupled preputial island flap urethroplasty, the penile flexion was confirmed by artificial erection test, and the urethra is obliquely cut at the most obvious curvature of the penis. By removing the ventral fibrotic scar tissue, the length of the urethral defect was measured. The urethral plate was reconstructed with the same length of labial mucosa graft and an adjacent preputial island flap was transplanted to cover the reconstructed urethra plate to form a new urethral lumen. The inner urethral stent tube was extracted three days after the operation, and the outer urethral stent tube was removed three weeks after the surgery. Diagnostic urethral exploration was performed 5 weeks post-operation, uroflowmetry examination was performed seven weeks after the procedure, and the perioperative and postoperative follow-up data were analyzed.Results:All patients underwent a successful surgery, with the average duration of the procedure being (114.7±20.1)minutes. After mean follow-up of (15.5±5.9)months, no penile curvature occurred, and 32 patients were successfully repaired. Uroflowmetry examination was achieved in 21 patients at the seventh week after surgery showed their mean maximum flow rate was (18.4±3.7)ml/s. Three cases (8.6%, 3/35) developed urethrocutaneous fistula, who were repaired successfully 6 months after surgery.Conclusions:Utilizing the combination of labial mucosa grafts and preputial island flaps for urethroplasty has been proven to be a reliable and safe option for individuals with recurrent penile curvature following hypospadias repair, with a high success rate and few complications.

OBJECTIVE To construct a clinical model of motion sickness(MS),provide a relatively objective diagnostic model for MS research,and provide a basis for further clinical intervention of the disease.METHODS A total of 60 subjects were included and divided into experimental group and control group according to the presence or absence of MS.The MS clinical model was established using SRM-IV rotating chair.Peripheral blood was collected before and after acceleration exposure,and the contents of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),growth hormone(GH),prolactin(PRL),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),thyroid stimulating hormone(TRH)and gastrin-17(G-17),acetylcholine(ACH)and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)were detected,Graybiel scale was used to evaluate the severity of MS.The correlation between MS symptoms and signs and peripheral blood indexes was analyzed by multiple linear regression,and the diagnostic model was established.construct a clinical model of MS and a diagnostic model based on blood parameters,so as to provide a reliable clinical model and an objective diagnostic model for MS research,and to provide a basis for further clinical intervention of the disease.RESULTS After acceleration exposure,the Graybiel scores,ACH,5-HT,ACTH,GH and PRL levels in peripheral blood of the experimental group were higher than those before exposure,and were significantly different from those of the control group(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in FSH,LH,TRH and G-17 between the two groups before and after acceleration exposure(P>0.05).Multi-index combined diagnostic model:Graybiel scores=-9.32+0.131×ACTH+0.055×ACH+0.041×5-HT.CONCLUSION The levels of ACH,5-HT,ACTH,GH and PRL increased during the onset of MS.The multi-index combined diagnosis model can provide a certain basis for the objective diagnosis of MS in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE To identify key factors involved in the regulation of hypoxia-induced inflammation-related signaling pathways using a combination of bioinformatics methods and experiments. METHODS A cellular model of hypoxia-induced hippocampal neuronal damage was prepared by treating mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells with CoCl2. The cells were then collected for transcriptome sequencing. Based on the sequencing results,key molecules were identified using differential analysis,gene ontology(GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis,and protein-protein interaction network(PPI) analysis. The effects of key molecules on cells were investigated. RESULTS Differential analysis revealed a total of 8975 differential genes,which were subjected to GO and KEGG analysis. KEGG analysis revealed that these genes were involved in signaling pathways such as pancreatic cancer,EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance,animal mitosis,base excision repair,and chronic myeloid leukemia. PPI networks were constructed for genes enriched in these pathways,and the MCC algorithm screened the top 5 key genes,which were shown to be HRAS,KRAS,PTEN,VEGFA,and SRC. HRAS and VEGFA were selected for subsequent experiments,and the results showed that after CoCl2 treatment,the viability of HT22 cells was significantly decreased(P<0.05),HRAS was significantly down-regulated and VEGFA was significantly up-regulated in CoCl2-treated cells(P<0.05),the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 were significantly increased(P<0.001). However,treatment with overexpression of HRAS or low expression of VEGFA led to an increase in the activity of cell growth(P<0.05) as well as a significant decrease in TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels(P<0.001). CONCLUSION In sleep apnea,HRAS or VEGFA may lead to cognitive impairment by affecting inflammatory factors.

Objective: To observe the association between puberty development and thyroid function among school-aged girls in Minhang District of Shanghai, in order to explore the effect of puberty development on thyroid function. Methods: The study was based on a cohort of adolescent girls recruited in iodine-suitable areas of Minhang District, and the baseline and follow-up survey have been carried out from January to March 2019. The method of phased cluster sampling was used to select one junior high school in the east, south, north and middle of Minhang District, Shanghai, respectively. Finally, 464 new junior high school girls were included in the Cohort study for physical examination, and girls were followed up from January to March 2021. The Puberty Development Scale (PDS) was used to assess the stage of puberty. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) were determined for each participant. Thyroid homeostasis structure parameters (THSPs) was calculated. Changes of Thyroid hormones at baseline and follow-up were compared by Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of thyroid hormones (THs) and THSPs changes with pubertal develepment. Results: Serum TSH levels of female studentds decreased significantly, while their FT3 and FT4 levels increased significantly during the study period ( Z=-10.53, -4.71, -12.46, P <0.01). In multiple linear regression analysis after adjustment for co-variables (including baseline age, change of BMI and waist circumference), FT4 and thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI) in the higher puberty category scores changes (△PCS) group were further reduced compared with those in the low △PCS group ( β =-0.66, -0.55 ). Compared to the late puberty at baseline and follow-up (BLFL) group, FT4 and TFQI showed higher decline in the pre-puberty at baseline and late puberty at follow-up (BPFL) group with the pre-puberty at baseline and end of puberty at follow-up (BPFT) group ( β =-0.55, -0.44)( P <0.05). There were no association of △TSH, △FT3, △FT4/FT3 and TSH index changes (△TSHI) with △PCS or the puberty pattern. Conclusion Serum TSH decreases while serum FT3 and FT4 increase among girls during puberty. Both the initial stage and the velocity of pubertal development are related to thyroid hormone fluctuations.

Nerve regeneration in adult mammalian spinal cord is poor because of the lack of intrinsic regeneration of neurons and extrinsic factors - the glial scar is triggered by injury and inhibits or promotes regeneration. Recent technological advances in spatial transcriptomics (ST) provide a unique opportunity to decipher most genes systematically throughout scar formation, which remains poorly understood. Here, we first constructed the tissue-wide gene expression patterns of mouse spinal cords over the course of scar formation using ST after spinal cord injury from 32 samples. Locally, we profiled gene expression gradients from the leading edge to the core of the scar areas to further understand the scar microenvironment, such as neurotransmitter disorders, activation of the pro-inflammatory response, neurotoxic saturated lipids, angiogenesis, obstructed axon extension, and extracellular structure re-organization. In addition, we described 21 cell transcriptional states during scar formation and delineated the origins, functional diversity, and possible trajectories of subpopulations of fibroblasts, glia, and immune cells. Specifically, we found some regulators in special cell types, such as Thbs1 and Col1a2 in macrophages, CD36 and Postn in fibroblasts, Plxnb2 and Nxpe3 in microglia, Clu in astrocytes, and CD74 in oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, salvianolic acid B, a blood-brain barrier permeation and CD36 inhibitor, was administered after surgery and found to remedy fibrosis. Subsequently, we described the extent of the scar boundary and profiled the bidirectional ligand-receptor interactions at the neighboring cluster boundary, contributing to maintain scar architecture during gliosis and fibrosis, and found that GPR37L1_PSAP, and GPR37_PSAP were the most significant gene-pairs among microglia, fibroblasts, and astrocytes. Last, we quantified the fraction of scar-resident cells and proposed four possible phases of scar formation: macrophage infiltration, proliferation and differentiation of scar-resident cells, scar emergence, and scar stationary. Together, these profiles delineated the spatial heterogeneity of the scar, confirmed the previous concepts about scar architecture, provided some new clues for scar formation, and served as a valuable resource for the treatment of central nervous system injury.
Mice ; Animals ; Gliosis/pathology* ; Cicatrix/pathology* ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Astrocytes/metabolism* ; Spinal Cord/pathology* ; Fibrosis ; Mammals ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is the most common disabling complication of diabetes. Emerging evidence has linked the pathogenesis of DNP to the aberrant sprouting of sensory axons into the epidermal area; however, the underlying molecular events remain poorly understood. Here we found that an axon guidance molecule, Netrin-3 (Ntn-3), was expressed in the sensory neurons of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), and downregulation of Ntn-3 expression was highly correlated with the severity of DNP in a diabetic mouse model. Genetic ablation of Ntn-3 increased the intra-epidermal sprouting of sensory axons and worsened the DNP in diabetic mice. In contrast, the elevation of Ntn-3 levels in DRGs significantly inhibited the intra-epidermal axon sprouting and alleviated DNP in diabetic mice. In conclusion, our studies identified Ntn-3 as an important regulator of DNP pathogenesis by gating the aberrant sprouting of sensory axons, indicating that Ntn-3 is a potential druggable target for DNP treatment.
Mice ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism* ; Axons/physiology* ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism* ; Neuralgia/metabolism*

Objective:To use the spatiotemporal distribution model and INLA algorithm to study the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of tuberculosis in Shanghai and to provide a theoretical basis for formulating regional tuberculosis epidemic prevention and control measures.Methods:Based on the data of registered pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Shanghai during 2013-2020 derived from the tuberculosis management information system of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, the hierarchical Bayesian model was adopted to fit the tuberculosis case data, identify the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of tuberculosis, and explore the potential socioeconomic characteristics and other factors related to health services and spatiotemporal characteristics.Results:From 2013 to 2020, 29 281 registered tuberculosis cases were reported in Shanghai, with an average annual incidence of 25.224/100 000. From 2013 to 2020, the incidence trend increased first and then decreased, the highest incidence was reported in 2014 (27.991/100 000). The incidence of tuberculosis in Shanghai is characterized by spatial clustering. Through the spatial characteristics and risk analysis of the reported incidence of tuberculosis, it is found that the high-risk area of tuberculosis in Shanghai is the suburban communities, whereas downtown communities are the low-risk areas. The incidence risk of pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with the gross domestic product per capita ( RR=0.48), the number of beds per 10 000 persons ( RR=0.56), the normalized vegetation index ( RR=0.50), and the night light index ( RR=0.80). Conclusions:With the steady progress of tuberculosis prevention and control in the central urban area of Shanghai, special attention should be paid to the prevention and control in the suburbs further to improve the social and economic level in the suburbs and increase the coverage rate of urban green space, to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis and reduce the disease burden of tuberculosis in Shanghai.

ABSTRACT: Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial neoplasm with diverse pathological types and complicated clinical manifestations. The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5), published in 2021, introduces major changes that advance the role of molecular diagnostics in meningiomas. To follow the revision of WHO CNS5, this expert consensus statement was formed jointly by the Group of Neuro-Oncology, Society of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medical Association together with neuropathologists and evidence-based experts. The consensus provides reference points to integrate key biomarkers into stratification and clinical decision making for meningioma patients. REGISTRATION Practice guideline REgistration for transPAREncy (PREPARE), IPGRP-2022CN234.
Humans ; Meningioma/pathology* ; Consensus ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology*

Objetive： To investigate the mechanism of antidepressant effect of verbascoside based on high-throughput sequencing technology （RNA-Seq），and to explore the possible targets and signaling pathways. MethodsForty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group，model group，fluoxetine group and verbascoside group，10 mice in each group. Except for the control group，all the other three groups were constructed with chronic unpredictable mild stimulation （CUMS） combined with solitary feeding for four weeks. Control group，fluoxetine group and verbascoside group were administered by gavage once daily for three weeks during the second week of modeling. The mice were assessed by sugar-water preference test，forced swimming test，open field test，elevated cross maze test，and water maze test. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was performed to detect the levels of major neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors in mice serum，and mRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed in the nucleus accumben and colon to screen differentially expressed genes and perform pathway enrichment analysis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of Gad，Slc32a1（VGAT） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF） in nucleus accumbens. ResultCompared with the control group，the anxiety and depression-like behaviors in the model group increased，while the learning and memory ability decreased significantly. The content of neurotransmitter in serum decreased significantly. The content of pro-inflammatory factors increased significantly. The mRNA expression of Gad and Slc32a1（VGAT） in nucleus accumbens decreased significantly，while that of BDNF increased significantly. Compared with the model group，the anxiety and depression-like behavior of mice in verbascoside group was significantly relieved. The neurotransmitter content increased significantly，and the pro-inflammatory factors decreased significantly. The mRNA expression of Gad and Slc32a1（VGAT） in nucleus accumbens increased significantly，while that of BDNF decreased significantly.A total of 48 differentially expressed genes in nucleus accumbens and 43 differentially expressed genes in colon were screened by high-throughput sequencing. Differential genes in nucleus accumbens mainly focus on neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction， γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）ergic synapse，synaptic vesicle cycle and other pathways. Colonic differential genes are mainly concentrated in GABAergic synapses，synaptic vesicle circulation，cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP） signal pathway and other signal pathways. Compared with the control group，the mRNA expression of Gad and Slc32a1（VGAT） in nucleus accumbens of model group decreased significantly，while the mRNA expression of BDNF increased significantly. ConclusionVerbascoside has significant antidepressant effects. Its antidepressant effect may be related to the increase of monoamine neurotransmitters，the decrease of pro-inflammatory factors and the restoration of neurotransmitter homeostasis by increasing GABA，and it mainly acts through the signaling pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction，GABAergic synapses，synaptic vesicle cycle and cAMP signaling pathway.