To understand the current epidemiological status and biological characteristics of avian paramyxoviruses(APMV)in wild birds in China,a total of 1 384 fecal samples of wild birds were collected in eight provinces(autonomous regions),including Ningxia,in 2023,to detect avian pa-ramyxovirus infections by viral isolation and RT-PCR.Positive samples were subjected to F gene sequence amplification and genetic evolutionary analyses.The results showed that 10 strains of APMV were isolated and identified from 1 384 wild bird feces samples with a positive rate of 0.72％.Out of the 10 strains,4 strains were APMV-1,which was in the same branch to the Ameri-can goose APMV-1 strain and had the homology ranging from 93％to 97.3％.Three strains of APMV-4 were in the same branch with the Russian duck APMV-4 strain and the Russian pintail APMV-4 strain,with homology ranging from 99.1％to 99.5％.Three strains were APMV-6,they were in the same branch with the Russian ruddy bladdered duck APMV-6 strain,with homology ranging from 98.7％to 99.20％.The intracerebral inoculatable pathogenicity index(ICPI)of the four strains for 1-day-old chicks ranged from 0 to 0.48,which was low in pathogenicity for chick-ens.The above results enriches the epidemiological information and the biological characteristics of avian paramyxovirus in wild birds in China,which provides a reference for the early warning,scien-tific prevention and control of this disease.

To understand the current epidemiological status and biological characteristics of avian paramyxoviruses(APMV)in wild birds in China,a total of 1 384 fecal samples of wild birds were collected in eight provinces(autonomous regions),including Ningxia,in 2023,to detect avian pa-ramyxovirus infections by viral isolation and RT-PCR.Positive samples were subjected to F gene sequence amplification and genetic evolutionary analyses.The results showed that 10 strains of APMV were isolated and identified from 1 384 wild bird feces samples with a positive rate of 0.72％.Out of the 10 strains,4 strains were APMV-1,which was in the same branch to the Ameri-can goose APMV-1 strain and had the homology ranging from 93％to 97.3％.Three strains of APMV-4 were in the same branch with the Russian duck APMV-4 strain and the Russian pintail APMV-4 strain,with homology ranging from 99.1％to 99.5％.Three strains were APMV-6,they were in the same branch with the Russian ruddy bladdered duck APMV-6 strain,with homology ranging from 98.7％to 99.20％.The intracerebral inoculatable pathogenicity index(ICPI)of the four strains for 1-day-old chicks ranged from 0 to 0.48,which was low in pathogenicity for chick-ens.The above results enriches the epidemiological information and the biological characteristics of avian paramyxovirus in wild birds in China,which provides a reference for the early warning,scien-tific prevention and control of this disease.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of dynamic monitoring of transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure [p_tc(O₂)], transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure [p_tc(CO₂)], serum amyloid A (SAA), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in neonates with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods A total of 240 NRDS patients were selected as the research subjects and divided into BPD group (108 cases) and non-BPD group (132 cases) based on whether BPD occurred. The levels of p_tc(O₂), p_tc(CO₂), SAA, and IL-6 were compared between the two groups on the 1st, 7th, and 14th day after birth. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between each indicator and the degree of illness. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the impact of each indicator on BPD in NRDS patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the predictive efficacy and clinical net benefit of each indicator for BPD. Results On the 1st day after birth, there were no statistically significant differences in p_tc(O₂), p_tc(CO₂), serum SAA, and IL-6 levels between the two groups (P>0.05). On the 7th and 14th day after birth, the p_tc(O₂) in the BPD group was lower than that in the non-BPD group, while the p_tc(CO₂) and serum SAA, IL-6 levels were higher than those in the non-BPD group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis results showed that the degree of BPD in children was negatively correlated with p_tc(O₂) on the 7th day after birth (r=-0.724, P < 0.05), and positively correlated with p_tc(CO₂), SAA, and IL-6 on the 7th day after birth (r=0.635, 0.830, 0.715, P < 0.05). The degree of pulmonary dysfunction in children was negatively correlated with p_tc(O₂) on the 7th day after birth (r=-0.719, P < 0.05), and positively correlated with p_tc(CO₂), SAA, and IL-6 on the 7th day after birth (r=0.673, 0.756, 0.696, P < 0.05). On the 7th day after birth, the p_tc(O₂) of BPD patients was negatively correlated with SAA and IL-6 (r=-0.605, -0.623, P < 0.05), while p_tc(CO₂) was positively correlated with SAA and IL-6 (r=0.618, 0.650, P < 0.05). ROC curve showed that the combined prediction of p_tc(O₂), p_tc(CO₂), SAA, and IL-6 on the 7th day after birth for NRDS complicated with BPD was better than the individual prediction of the four indicators, with an area under the curve of 0.938 (95%CI, 0.899 to 0.965). The risk of BPD in high-expression of p_tc(CO₂), SAA, and IL-6 was 2.256, 1.668, and 1.667 times higher than that in low-expression, respectively. The risk of BPD in high-expression of p_tc(O₂) was 0.568 times higher than that in low-expression. The decision curve analysis showed that when the threshold value was within the range of 0.2 to 0.9, the combined model of p_tc(O₂), p_tc(CO₂), SAA, and IL-6 was superior to the individual prediction in predicting the net benefit rate of BPD in NRDS patients on the 7th day after birth. Conclusion The severity of NRDS complicated with BPD is closely related to p_tc(O₂), p_tc(CO₂), SAA, and IL-6, and the combined detection of the four indicators can help improve the predictive efficacy and net benefit rate of NRDS complicated with BPD.

Histiocytic necrotic lymphadenitis is known as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD).KFD is a systemic disease,which is characterized by fever,necrotizing lymphadenopathy and leukopenia.However,involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system is rare.It can present as aseptic meningitis,encephalomyelitis,peripheral neuropathy,cerebellar ataxia and tremor,which makes it difficult to be differentiated with other nervous system diseases.Our review summarizes the clinical manifestations and differential diagnoses of KFD involving nervous system in order to reduce misdiagnoses and mistreatments.

Objective To analyze the death status of children ≤ 5 years old in Jiaxing City from 2013 to 2017,and to provide scientific and effective measures of decreasing the children mortality and ensuring the health of children.Methods Death surveillance data of children ≤5 years old was obtained from monitoring network covering the whole city of maternal and child health information systems and the relevant maternal and child health statistics.The mortality rate,the sequence and changing trend of main death causes,prenatal health services of children ≤5 years old in Jiaxing City from 2013 to 2017were analyzed.Results From 2013 to 2017,there were 2 788 cases death of children ≤5 years old in Jiaxing City.The neonatal mortality rate (NMR),infant mortality rate (IMR),≤5 years old children mortality rate(U5MR) in Jiaxing City were 2.33‰,3.52‰ and 4.83 ‰,respectively.The mortality rates of all ages showed a declining trend year by year (x2NMR =19.641,P＜0.001;x2IMR =31.705,P ＜0.001;x2U5MR =48.294,P ＜0.001).There were significant differences in the mortality between the lower local and the migrant children (x22013 =26.16,x22014 =18.45,x22015 =27.72,x22016 =14.49,x22017=24.19;P＜0.001).The top two causes of death in children ≤ 5 years old were drowning,premature birth and low birth weight.The top two causes of death in infants and newborns were premature birth,low birth weight and other congenital anomalies.In the recent five years,49.60％ of children ≤5 years old died in the hospital.At the same time,the proportion of deaths on the way and at home was 15.64％ and 34.76％ respectively.Although there was a gap in the level of prenatal health services between local and mobile children,the gap has been declining year by year.Conclusions The key measures to decrease the mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Jiaxing City include strengthening the management of pregnancy care and high-risk pregnancy;paying attention to tertiary prevention and doing a good job in monitoring birth defects such as prenatal screening;enhancing safety education and child supervision for parents of children in 1-4 years old;reinforcing the construction of maternal and child health professional team and the technical training of newborn resuscitation techniques such as neonatal asphyxia recovery technology;intensifying the health-care and management of migrant children and improving the ability of parents to utilize child medical service.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute, febrile zoonotic disease that is caused by the RVF virus (RVFV). RVF is mainly prevalent on the Arabian Peninsula, the African continent, and several islands in the Indian Ocean near southeast Africa. RVFV has been classified by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) as a category A pathogen. To avoid biological safety concerns associated with use of the pathogen in RVFV neutralization assays, the present study investigated and established an RVFV pseudovirus-based neutralization assay. This study used the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) lentiviral packaging system and RVFV structural proteins to successfully construct RVFV pseudoviruses. Electron microscopy observation and western blotting indicated that the size, structure, and shape of the packaged pseudoviruses were notably similar to those of HIV lentiviral vectors. Infection inhibition assay results showed that an antibody against RVFV inhibited the infective ability of the RVFV pseudoviruses, and an antibody neutralization assay for RVFV detection was then established. This study has successfully established a neutralization assay based on RVFV pseudoviruses and demonstrated that this method can be used to effectively evaluate antibody neutralization.
Africa ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; HIV ; Indian Ocean ; Islands ; Methods ; Microscopy, Electron ; Product Packaging ; Rift Valley fever virus ; Rift Valley Fever ; Zoonoses

Objective To explore the imaging characteristics and diagnostic value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in patients with hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma ( HEH) . Methods From January 2014 to December 2015, 5 HEH patients (2 males, 3 females; average age (49.2±13.7) years) confirmed by pathology and underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging were enrolled in this retrospective study. The character-istics of PET/CT images were analyzed. Two-sample t test and Pearson linear correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results A total of 26 lesions were detected in 4 patients with multiple lesions, of which 88.5%( 23/26) distributed at the liver edge, and 42. 3%( 11/26) had hepatic capsule retraction sign. SUVmax of the 26 lesions was 5.1±2.6 and it was not correlated with tumor size (r=0.054, P>0.05). Lesion FDG uptake in patients with distant metastases was higher than that in patients without distant metastases (6.08±1.80 vs 3.84±1.14;t=4.15, P<0.05). Two patients underwent the delayed imaging, and FDG up-take in 11/14 lesions was higher compared with that of early imaging, and 3/14 lesions were newly detected by the delayed imaging. One patient had diffuse low-density lesions with diameters between 6.1 and 35.5 mm and SUVmax between 2.6 and 8.1. Conclusion Liver lesions of HEH patients show some features on 18F-FDG PET/CT images which can find distant metastases, and the delayed imaging can improve the detection rate of lesions.

Objective To observe the anatomical constant sign of the parapharyngeal space operation via endoscopy-assisted transoral approach,and provide evidence for the treatment of the lesions of the pharyngeal space and improve the success rate of the operation. Methods CT multi plane reconstruction and three dimensional reconstruction were performed on 10 fresh dead bodies who were acquired from January 2015 to September 2015,the structure of the lateral pharyngeal space was observed,and the parapharyngeal space operation was performed via endoscopy-assisted transoral approach.Results The CT images showed that dispharynx of very low density extended posterior-lateral into the pharyngeal recess,lateral pharyngeal space located in the lateral pharyngeal recess,a low density triangular shadow with a nar-row of the front and width in the back,wing within muscles,wing outside muscles,masseter and temporal muscle located in the lateral pharyn-geal side clearance,which showed a medium density shadow,styloid process located in the front shadow of pharynx side clearance,the back of the internal carotid artery of pharynx side clearance,which showed medium density shadow.The blood vessels in the pharyngeal space and the nerve development was not clear.Stem styloid located in the temporal bone of the skull base drum subordinates,with length of (24.98 ± 2.01)mm,the internal structures of parapharyngeal space located in styloid process and around the surface of the deep muscular,the outside of styloid process had external carotid artery,facial nerve and mastoid.Inside of the base of styloid process had jugular vein foramen and hypo-glossal canal outside hole,the front inner side had carotid canal outside hole,the foramen spinosum,and oval foramen,the rear with stem hole.The distance between left and right side of root of styloid process to adjacent structures was compared,and the difference had no statisti-cal significance(P >0.05).In addition to the root of the styloid process to stylomastoid foramen.The difference of root of styloid process of males to adjacent structure was greater than that of the females,the difference had statistical significance(P <0.05).Conclusion Endo-scopic-assisted transoral approach to the parapharyngeal space operation hasthe styloid process as the marks of anatomy,the distance of styloid process to adjacent anatomical structures is as the reference,which helps to find and identify the parapharyngeal space of peripheral nerve, blood vessel,etc.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC).

METHODSThe clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 6 cases of CCPRCC were reviewed, with analysis of follow-up data.

RESULTSThere were altogether 3 men and 3 women. The mean age of patients was 56 years. The size of tumors ranged from 1.0 to 4.5 cm in greatest dimension. They had solid or solid-cystic cut surface. Histologically, the tumors were encapsulated and showed several morphologic patterns, with tubules, papillae, acini, interconnecting ribbons and macro/microcysts lined by single layer of cells with clear or small amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm and low-grade nuclei (corresponding to Fuhrman grade 1 or 2). Mitotic figures were rarely seen. Characteristically, there was linear arrangement of the nuclei away from the basement membrane, conferring an appearance similar to that of endometrial glands in early secretory phase. Tubules and cysts contained serosanguineous fluid or colloid-like secretion were identified. No foamy histiocytes, psammomatous calcifications or hemosiderin was present in the papillary areas. Two of the tumors showed focal or extensive angioleiomyoma/leiomyoma-like components. No coagulative necrosis, sarcomatoid dedifferentiation, nor microscopic vascular invasion was observed. Immunohistochemically, all tumors showed strong co-expression of CK7 and CA9 (with characteristic "goblet" staining pattern). The staining for EMA, CK (AE1/AE3), vimentin, CK8, CK18, CK19 and PAX-8 were also positive in all cases. Ki-67 was expressed in less than or about 5% of the tumor cell nuclei. The staining for CD10, P504S, CD117, TFE3 and TFEB was negative. Follow-up data were available in all patients, with mean duration of 14 months (range = 7 to 27 months). All of the patients were disease-free after operation.

CONCLUSIONCCPRCC is a special type of low-grade renal neoplasm with characteristic histopathologic and immunohistochemical features. It needs to be distinguished from clear cell renal cell carcinoma or papillary renal cell carcinoma.