Objective To develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method to simultaneously determine 10 main components, including berberine, phellodendrine, specnuezhenide, mangiferin, loganin, paeoniflorin, geniposide, baicalin, and acteoside in Compound Dihuang oral solution. Methods An UPLC-MS/MS method was established with an ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 （2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm）column and mobile phase of 0.1% formic water（A）-methanol solution（B） in a gradient elution manner. The flow rate of mobile phase was 0.2 ml/min.The temperature of column was 30℃. The injection volume was 2 μl. The MS detection was in MRM mode. Results 10 components in Compound Dihuang oral solution had a good linear relationship within their concentration range,and the precision, repeatability, stability and recovery met the requirements. The contents of berberine, phellodendrine, specnuezhenide, mangiferin, loganin, paeoniflorin, geniposide, baicalin, and acteoside in 7 batches of samples were （89.7-95.6） μg/ml, （164.0-177.7） μg/ml, （540.0-610.0） μg/ml, （408.7-429.0） μg/ml, （726.0-825.0） μg/ml, （503.7-572.0） μg/ml, （1380.0-1540.0） μg/ml, （2596.7-2896.7) μg/ml, （4866.7-5520.0) μg/ml, （61.8-67.2) μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The established method was easy to be repeated and operated. The contents of 10 components in Compound Dihuang oral solution could be determined quickly and accurately, which provided a reference for the quality control of hospital preparation.

Through literature research,this study expounds the emergence of wholly foreign-owned hospitals(WFOHs)from both policy formulation and intrinsic demand perspectives.By accessing the current services landscape of WFOHs,the study systematically analyzes their developmental opportunities and challenges.Strategic recommendations are subsequently proposed across four key aspects:strengthening regulatory supervision,improving the medical insurance system,enhancing professional workforce development,and promoting Sino-foreign cooperation.These measures aim to facilitate WFOHs'high-quality develop-ment,thereby elevating institutional competitiveness,driving continuous healthcare service innovation,and ultimately delivering enhanced medical care that is efficient,accessible,and patient-centered.

Purpose To characterize the clinicopathological features of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors(GMTs)resected via endoscopic techniques.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 495 cases of endo-scopically resected GMTs.Clinical information,histomorphological findings,immunohistochemical profiles,and mo-lecular characteristics were reviewed.Results The cohort included 495 patients aged 20-78 years(median:53 years).The majority of tumors were located in the stomach(58.8％)and esophagus(36.8％).Histologically,most tumors consisted of spindle cells,with a minority composed of epithelioid cells;fibrocollagenous or myxoid stroma was occasionally observed.Immunohistochemically,leiomyomas showed diffuse positivity for α-SMA(98.8％)and desmin(99.3％),gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)expressed CD117(99.4％),DOG1(97.6％),and CD34(97.0％),and schwannomas were positive for S-100(93.7％).The predominant tumor types were leiomyomas(54.1％)and GISTs(33.7％),while the remaining 12.2％comprised other rare types.Various endoscopic resection techniques were employed based on the tumors' anatomical depth,including endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD,40.5％),submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection(STER,17.1％),endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR,16.5％),endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR,13.9％),and endoscopic submucosal excavation(ESE,12.0％).EMR and ESD were primarily used for superficial lesions,while deeper tumors with were more often treated with STER,EFTR,and ESE.The rate of negative resection margins was lower in GISTs(72.2％)and other tumors with indistinct margins,compared to leiomyomas(92.6％)and those with well-defined boundaries.Conclusion Leiomyomas and GISTs are the most common gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors resected via endoscopy.A variety of resection techniques are applicable depending on tumor location and depth.Accurate pathological diagnosis should be based on HE morphology,supplemented by endoscopic findings,margin status,immunohistochemistry,and necessary molecular tests.

Through literature research,this study expounds the emergence of wholly foreign-owned hospitals(WFOHs)from both policy formulation and intrinsic demand perspectives.By accessing the current services landscape of WFOHs,the study systematically analyzes their developmental opportunities and challenges.Strategic recommendations are subsequently proposed across four key aspects:strengthening regulatory supervision,improving the medical insurance system,enhancing professional workforce development,and promoting Sino-foreign cooperation.These measures aim to facilitate WFOHs'high-quality develop-ment,thereby elevating institutional competitiveness,driving continuous healthcare service innovation,and ultimately delivering enhanced medical care that is efficient,accessible,and patient-centered.

Objective Quantitatively evaluate the policies for high-quality development of public hospitals in China,an-alyze the strengths and weaknesses of policies in different provinces,and provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for further optimizing relevant policies for high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods Based on text mining and quanti-tative analysis,combined with existing research,a PMC index model is constructed to analyze the relevant policies for high-quali-ty development of public hospitals in China.Results Among the 32 policy texts included,11 are excellent policies and 21 are good policies.The average PMC index of the 32 policies is 6.66,indicating overall good performance.However,some policies have some problems in terms of reference basis,task list,and monitoring indicators.Conclusion The policy for high-quality de-velopment of public hospitals in our country is basically complete.The formulation of relevant policies in the future should consider further improvement of policy objectives,incentive measures,and rich content,in order to achieve alignment with national policies at the macro level and optimization and improvement based on the actual situation of each province and city at the micro level.

Objective Quantitatively evaluate the policies for high-quality development of public hospitals in China,an-alyze the strengths and weaknesses of policies in different provinces,and provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for further optimizing relevant policies for high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods Based on text mining and quanti-tative analysis,combined with existing research,a PMC index model is constructed to analyze the relevant policies for high-quali-ty development of public hospitals in China.Results Among the 32 policy texts included,11 are excellent policies and 21 are good policies.The average PMC index of the 32 policies is 6.66,indicating overall good performance.However,some policies have some problems in terms of reference basis,task list,and monitoring indicators.Conclusion The policy for high-quality de-velopment of public hospitals in our country is basically complete.The formulation of relevant policies in the future should consider further improvement of policy objectives,incentive measures,and rich content,in order to achieve alignment with national policies at the macro level and optimization and improvement based on the actual situation of each province and city at the micro level.

Purpose To characterize the clinicopathological features of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors(GMTs)resected via endoscopic techniques.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 495 cases of endo-scopically resected GMTs.Clinical information,histomorphological findings,immunohistochemical profiles,and mo-lecular characteristics were reviewed.Results The cohort included 495 patients aged 20-78 years(median:53 years).The majority of tumors were located in the stomach(58.8％)and esophagus(36.8％).Histologically,most tumors consisted of spindle cells,with a minority composed of epithelioid cells;fibrocollagenous or myxoid stroma was occasionally observed.Immunohistochemically,leiomyomas showed diffuse positivity for α-SMA(98.8％)and desmin(99.3％),gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)expressed CD117(99.4％),DOG1(97.6％),and CD34(97.0％),and schwannomas were positive for S-100(93.7％).The predominant tumor types were leiomyomas(54.1％)and GISTs(33.7％),while the remaining 12.2％comprised other rare types.Various endoscopic resection techniques were employed based on the tumors' anatomical depth,including endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD,40.5％),submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection(STER,17.1％),endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR,16.5％),endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR,13.9％),and endoscopic submucosal excavation(ESE,12.0％).EMR and ESD were primarily used for superficial lesions,while deeper tumors with were more often treated with STER,EFTR,and ESE.The rate of negative resection margins was lower in GISTs(72.2％)and other tumors with indistinct margins,compared to leiomyomas(92.6％)and those with well-defined boundaries.Conclusion Leiomyomas and GISTs are the most common gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors resected via endoscopy.A variety of resection techniques are applicable depending on tumor location and depth.Accurate pathological diagnosis should be based on HE morphology,supplemented by endoscopic findings,margin status,immunohistochemistry,and necessary molecular tests.

Objective Based on the acupuncture literature data set,a named entity recognition method of acupuncture literature based on dictionary and deep learning model is proposed to improve the effect of acupuncture literature entity recognition.Methods In this paper,the entity recognition methods of acupuncture literature were explored,and the vector representation effects based on word2vec and ALBERTmodels and ALBERT+domain dictionary were compared.On this basis,a named entity extraction method combining domain dictionary and ALBERT-BiLSTM-CRF deep learning model was proposed.Results According to the extraction effect of three model entities,the P value of word2vec-BiLSTM-CRF is 81.82%,the R value is 70.76%,and the F1 value is 75.48%;ALBERT-BiLSTM-CRF has an P value of 83.10%,a R value of 81.14%and a F1 value of 81.98%."ALBERT-BiLSTM-CRF+dictionary"is 92.57%,91.42%and 91.85%.In terms of entity categories,the top three entities with the highest accuracy rate are acupuncture,needling and needling site,which are 98%,ninety-seven percent and ninety-seven percent respectively,while the three entities with the lowest accuracy rate are acupoint matching corresponding symptoms,disease names and sample size,which are 50.00%,50.68%and 52.43%respectively.Conclusion Compared with the original ALBERT-BiLSTM-CRF model,the precision rate,recall rate and F1 value increased after adding the dictionary,and the convergence speed of the model after adding the dictionary was twice that without adding the dictionary.It is effective to use"ALBERT-BiLSTM-CRF+dictionary"model to identify named entities in acupuncture literature.

Objective:To investigate effects and underlying mechanisms of glutathione persulfate (GSSH) on the level of testosterone in male obese mice.Methods:Totally 45 mice were divided into 3 groups on average. Low-fat diet (LFD)+normal saline (NS) group: 15 mice were fed with LFD for 10 weeks, followed by LFD together with daily intraperitoneal injection of saline for 45 d; high-fat diet (HFD)+NS group: 15 mice were fed with high-fat diet for 10 weeks, followed by HFD and daily intraperitoneal injection of NS for 45 d; HFD+GSSH group: 15 mice were fed with HFD for 10 weeks, followed by a HFD for 45 d and daily intraperitoneal injection of GSSH (200 mg/kg). After the treatment, all mice were killed with their necks-severed, testis and serum were taken out from the mice. Serum levels of testosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA), the mRNA levels of key enzymes for testosterone synthesis ( StAR, 3β- HSD, Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1) were measured by RT-PCR. The testicular protein levels of StAR, 3β-HSD, NR5A1 and EHD3 were measured by Western blotting assay. Protein levels of NR5A1, SOD and Nrf2 were measured in mouse Leydig TM-3 cells that were treated with 50 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L GSSH, respectively, following with treatment with 100 μmol/L H 2O 2 . Results:1) After treatment, the body weight of mice in HFD+GSSH group did not change significantly, while the body weight of mice in HFD+NS group raised by 24.53% (from 32.46 g to 40.43 g) during the 45-day-intraperitoneal injection ( P=0.002). 2) Serum level of testosterone in HFD+NS group [(12.9±1.7) μg/L] was significantly lower than that in LFD+NS group [(18.3±1.2) μg/L, P=0.020]. However, serum level of testosterone in HFD+GSSH group was (25.42±2.1) μg/L, which was significantly higher than that in HFD+NS group ( P=0.030). The RT-PCR test results showed that compared with LFD+NS group, the expression levels of all key genes involved in testosterone synthesis ( StAR, 3β- HSD, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1) showed a significant decrease in HFD+NS group ( P=0.003, P=0.007, P<0.001, P<0.001). The expression levels of these genes were restored in the mouse testes of HFD+GSSH group ( P=0.002, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.006). 3) Similarly, compared with LFD+NS group [(9.00±1.59) nmol/mL], the serum MDA level of HFD+NS group [(10.61±1.73) nmol/mL] raised significantly ( P=0.016), while GSSH reversed the raised HFD+NS high level of serum MDA in HFD+GSSH group [(9.23±0.94) nmol/mL, P=0.048]. 4) Both levels of NR5A1, EHD3, StAR, and 3β-HSD were reduced in HFD+NS group ( P=0.002, P=0.012, P=0.004, P=0.043), but their levels were significantly restored in HFD+GSSH group ( P<0.001, P=0.017, P=0.004, P<0.001). 5) The levels of NR5A1, Nrf2 and SOD were obviously down-regulated in TM3 cells treated with H 2O 2 ( P<0.001, P=0.002, P=0.004). Conclusion:GSSH can raise serum level of testosterone in HFD-fed mice by up-regulating expression of genes which are important for testicular testosterone biosynthesis.

Objective:To investigate effects and underlying mechanisms of glutathione persulfate (GSSH) on the level of testosterone in male obese mice.Methods:Totally 45 mice were divided into 3 groups on average. Low-fat diet (LFD)+normal saline (NS) group: 15 mice were fed with LFD for 10 weeks, followed by LFD together with daily intraperitoneal injection of saline for 45 d; high-fat diet (HFD)+NS group: 15 mice were fed with high-fat diet for 10 weeks, followed by HFD and daily intraperitoneal injection of NS for 45 d; HFD+GSSH group: 15 mice were fed with HFD for 10 weeks, followed by a HFD for 45 d and daily intraperitoneal injection of GSSH (200 mg/kg). After the treatment, all mice were killed with their necks-severed, testis and serum were taken out from the mice. Serum levels of testosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA), the mRNA levels of key enzymes for testosterone synthesis ( StAR, 3β- HSD, Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1) were measured by RT-PCR. The testicular protein levels of StAR, 3β-HSD, NR5A1 and EHD3 were measured by Western blotting assay. Protein levels of NR5A1, SOD and Nrf2 were measured in mouse Leydig TM-3 cells that were treated with 50 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L GSSH, respectively, following with treatment with 100 μmol/L H 2O 2 . Results:1) After treatment, the body weight of mice in HFD+GSSH group did not change significantly, while the body weight of mice in HFD+NS group raised by 24.53% (from 32.46 g to 40.43 g) during the 45-day-intraperitoneal injection ( P=0.002). 2) Serum level of testosterone in HFD+NS group [(12.9±1.7) μg/L] was significantly lower than that in LFD+NS group [(18.3±1.2) μg/L, P=0.020]. However, serum level of testosterone in HFD+GSSH group was (25.42±2.1) μg/L, which was significantly higher than that in HFD+NS group ( P=0.030). The RT-PCR test results showed that compared with LFD+NS group, the expression levels of all key genes involved in testosterone synthesis ( StAR, 3β- HSD, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1) showed a significant decrease in HFD+NS group ( P=0.003, P=0.007, P<0.001, P<0.001). The expression levels of these genes were restored in the mouse testes of HFD+GSSH group ( P=0.002, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.006). 3) Similarly, compared with LFD+NS group [(9.00±1.59) nmol/mL], the serum MDA level of HFD+NS group [(10.61±1.73) nmol/mL] raised significantly ( P=0.016), while GSSH reversed the raised HFD+NS high level of serum MDA in HFD+GSSH group [(9.23±0.94) nmol/mL, P=0.048]. 4) Both levels of NR5A1, EHD3, StAR, and 3β-HSD were reduced in HFD+NS group ( P=0.002, P=0.012, P=0.004, P=0.043), but their levels were significantly restored in HFD+GSSH group ( P<0.001, P=0.017, P=0.004, P<0.001). 5) The levels of NR5A1, Nrf2 and SOD were obviously down-regulated in TM3 cells treated with H 2O 2 ( P<0.001, P=0.002, P=0.004). Conclusion:GSSH can raise serum level of testosterone in HFD-fed mice by up-regulating expression of genes which are important for testicular testosterone biosynthesis.