Objective To explore the clinical application effect of a novel fixation device used for percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage(PTCD)tube in patients after receiving PTCD.Methods A novel type of fixed device for PTCD tube was independently designed and produced by authors.One hundred patients,who underwent PTCD(retention time of the tube at least one month)at the Department of Interventional Radiology,Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Jong University School of Medicint from September 2024 to April 2025,were collected for this study.According to the order of hospitalization dates,the patients were divided into an observation group(n=50)and a control group(n=50).The patients in the observation group used a novel PTCD tube fixation device as secondary fixation,while the patients in the control group used conventional medical silk tape for cross type secondary fixation.The postoperative 2-hour pain scores,readiness for hospital discharge,comfort level of fixed device during PTCD tube retention for one month,drainage tube dropping-off rate,drainage obstruction rate,and incidence of peripheral dermatitis were compared between the two groups.Results The postoperative 2-hour pain scores and the comfort level after one-month retention of PTCD tube in the observation group were obviously lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(both P＜0.05).The PTCD tube dropping-off rate,poor drainage rate,and incidence of dermatitis in the observation group during tube retention period were lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).The readiness for hospital discharge of both groups was at a medium-to-low level,although the score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion The use of this novel PTCD tube fixation device can effectively increase the comfort level of patients during the period of carrying a tube.The modular ice pack component can alleviate postoperative pain,reduce the incidences of drainage tube dropping-off,drainage obstruction and peripheral dermatitis during tube retention period.Therefore,this novel PTCD drainage tube fixation device is worthy of clinical promotion and use.

Preeclampsia is a placenta-originated disorder closely associated with impaired placental development and immune imbalance at the maternal-fetal interface. As a critical process in the regulation of cellular homeostasis, autophagy plays a pivotal role in trophoblast syncytialization, invasion, and immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. Moderate autophagy enhances trophoblast function and promotes spiral artery remodeling, whereas insufficient or excessive autophagy correlates with placental pathological features of preeclampsia, including impaired syncytialization, protein aggregate accumulation, and immune dysregulation. Although trophoblast-specific autophagy deficiencies in animal models can manifest preeclampsia-like phenotypes, clinical studies reveal tissue-specific variability in autophagy-related protein expression, which may be attributable to placental regional heterogeneity, disease subtypes, and sampling timepoints. Future investigations integrating multi-stage clinical cohorts, multicellular models, and genetically modified animals are warranted to elucidate the dynamic role of autophagy in preeclampsia pathogenesis and establish its causal relationship with disease progression, thereby providing a basis for targeted therapeutic strategies.

Preeclampsia is a placenta-originated disorder closely associated with impaired placental development and immune imbalance at the maternal-fetal interface. As a critical process in the regulation of cellular homeostasis, autophagy plays a pivotal role in trophoblast syncytialization, invasion, and immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. Moderate autophagy enhances trophoblast function and promotes spiral artery remodeling, whereas insufficient or excessive autophagy correlates with placental pathological features of preeclampsia, including impaired syncytialization, protein aggregate accumulation, and immune dysregulation. Although trophoblast-specific autophagy deficiencies in animal models can manifest preeclampsia-like phenotypes, clinical studies reveal tissue-specific variability in autophagy-related protein expression, which may be attributable to placental regional heterogeneity, disease subtypes, and sampling timepoints. Future investigations integrating multi-stage clinical cohorts, multicellular models, and genetically modified animals are warranted to elucidate the dynamic role of autophagy in preeclampsia pathogenesis and establish its causal relationship with disease progression, thereby providing a basis for targeted therapeutic strategies.

The research of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after cerebral infarction is now focus on HT after thrombolytic therapy. However, attention should also be aroused to the occurrence of spontaneous HT in most patients who cannot receive thrombolysis promptly because of various reasons, for it has important influence on the treatment of cerebral infarction and prognosis. This article reviews the concept, typing, pathogenesis, correlation factors, imaging diagnosis and prediction of HT, as well as the effects of non-thrombolytic therapies on HT, such as antiplatelet, defibrase, anticoagulant, anti-free radical, and the relations between HT typing and prognosis.