In this study,porcine Sertoli cells were selected as the research subjects to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of three antioxidants:pterostilbene(PTE),quercetin(QR),and curcumin(CUR)against fumonisin B1(FB1)-induced Sertoli cell injury in pigs.The results showed that after treatment with different concentrations of FB1(0,20,40,and 80 μmol/L),the viability of Sertoli cells significantly decreased,while the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS)significantly increased,with 80 μmol/L FB1 exhibiting the most pronounced effect.The addition of QR to Sertoli cells treated with 80 μmol/L FB1 significantly improved cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis,with QR demonstrating the most effective results.Concurrently,the ex-pression levels of several genes related to proliferation and apoptosis,including Bax,Bcl-2,Caspase-3 and PCNA,changed significantly following the addition of the three antioxidants.After FB1 treatment,the contents of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdehyde(MDA)were significantly increased,while the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the expression of some antioxidant enzyme genes were significantly down-regulated.The contents of ROS and MDA in porcine Sertoli cells significantly decreased following the addition of three kinds of antioxidant and QR was most effective.At the same time,SOD activity was significantly up-regulated in the Sertoli cells of both mice and pigs treated with the three kinds of antioxidant.The expression of an-tioxidant genes,including SOD1,CAT,GPX1,and PRDX1,exhibited significant changes at the mRNA level.Following FB1 treatment,the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane in porcine Sertoli cells was compromised,leading to a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential.Howev-er,the addition of the three antioxidants partially restored the mitochondrial membrane potential.The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of FB1-induced reproductive toxicity in livestock and poultry,ultimately enhancing the reproductive performance of male animals.

In this study,porcine Sertoli cells were selected as the research subjects to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of three antioxidants:pterostilbene(PTE),quercetin(QR),and curcumin(CUR)against fumonisin B1(FB1)-induced Sertoli cell injury in pigs.The results showed that after treatment with different concentrations of FB1(0,20,40,and 80 μmol/L),the viability of Sertoli cells significantly decreased,while the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS)significantly increased,with 80 μmol/L FB1 exhibiting the most pronounced effect.The addition of QR to Sertoli cells treated with 80 μmol/L FB1 significantly improved cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis,with QR demonstrating the most effective results.Concurrently,the ex-pression levels of several genes related to proliferation and apoptosis,including Bax,Bcl-2,Caspase-3 and PCNA,changed significantly following the addition of the three antioxidants.After FB1 treatment,the contents of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdehyde(MDA)were significantly increased,while the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the expression of some antioxidant enzyme genes were significantly down-regulated.The contents of ROS and MDA in porcine Sertoli cells significantly decreased following the addition of three kinds of antioxidant and QR was most effective.At the same time,SOD activity was significantly up-regulated in the Sertoli cells of both mice and pigs treated with the three kinds of antioxidant.The expression of an-tioxidant genes,including SOD1,CAT,GPX1,and PRDX1,exhibited significant changes at the mRNA level.Following FB1 treatment,the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane in porcine Sertoli cells was compromised,leading to a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential.Howev-er,the addition of the three antioxidants partially restored the mitochondrial membrane potential.The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of FB1-induced reproductive toxicity in livestock and poultry,ultimately enhancing the reproductive performance of male animals.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group (n=1 189) and non-EUGR (n=1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined. RESULTS: The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR (P<0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.
Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (LEV) versus phenytoin (PHT) as second-line drugs for the treatment of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in children. METHODS: English and Chinese electronic databases were searched for the randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of LEV and PHT as second-line drugs for the treatment of childhood CSE. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Seven studies with 1 434 children were included. The Meta analysis showed that compared with the PHT group, the LEV group achieved a significantly higher control rate of CSE ( CONCLUSIONS LEV has a better clinical effect than PHT in the treatment of children with CSE and does not increase the incidence rate of adverse events.
Anticonvulsants/adverse effects* ; Child ; Humans ; Levetiracetam/therapeutic use* ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Phenytoin/adverse effects* ; Status Epilepticus/drug therapy*

Objective To develope a deep learning algorithm for pathological classification of chronic gastritis and assess its performance using whole-slide images (WSIs). Methods We retrospectively collected 1,250 gastric biopsy specimens (1,128 gastritis, 122 normal mucosa) from PLA General Hospital. The deep learning algorithm based on DeepLab v3 (ResNet-50) architecture was trained and validated using 1,008 WSIs and 100 WSIs, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the algorithm was tested on an independent test set of 142 WSIs, with the pathologists' consensus diagnosis as the gold standard. Results The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for chronic superficial gastritis (CSuG), chronic active gastritis (CAcG), and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAtG) in the test set, respectively.The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of the algorithm for CSuG, CAcG, and CAtG were 0.882, 0.905 and 0.910, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the deep learning algorithm for the classification of CSuG, CAcG, and CAtG were 0.790 and 1.000 (accuracy 0.880), 0.985 and 0.829 (accuracy 0.901), 0.952 and 0.992 (accuracy 0.986), respectively. The overall predicted accuracy for three different types of gastritis was 0.867. By flagging the suspicious regions identified by the algorithm in WSI, a more transparent and interpretable diagnosis can be generated. Conclusion The deep learning algorithm achieved high accuracy for chronic gastritis classification using WSIs. By pre-highlighting the different gastritis regions, it might be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool to improve the work efficiency of pathologists.
Algorithms ; Deep Learning ; Gastritis/diagnosis* ; Humans ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies

Biopsy ; Deep Learning ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of polydatin on the expression level of miR-214 and liver function in atherosclerotic mice.

METHODSForty male ApoE(-/-) mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=10), namely the model group, low- and high-dose polydatin groups, and simvastin group, with 10 male C57BL/6J mice serving as the normal control group. Mouse models of atherosclerosis were established by feeding the ApoE(-/-) mice with a high-fat diet. After 12 weeks of treatment, blood levels of glucose, lipids, AST, and ALT and the contents of T-SOD and MDA in the liver tissue were detected. The pathologies of the liver were examined with HE staining, and miR-214 expression in the liver was detected using quantitative real-time PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control mice, the mice in the model group showed significantly increased blood glucose, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, and AST levels, and MDA contents in the liver (P<0.01), with significantly decreased serum HDL-C level and SOD and miR-214 levels in liver (P<0.01). Polydatin treatment significantly ameliorated such changes in blood glucose, serum ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels, and MDA, SOD, and miR-214 contents in liver tissue (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONs Polydatin can reduce blood glucose and lipid levels and protect the liver function in atherosclerotic mice possibly by up-regulating the expression of miR-214 and T-SOD and down-regulating MDA in the liver.

Animals ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Diet, High-Fat ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Lipids ; blood ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the inhibition and molecular mechanism of icaritin (ICT) combined doxorubicin (DOX) on human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells in vitro.

METHODSThe control group, ICT groups (10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 µmol/L), DOX groups (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 µg/mL), and combination groups (20 µmol/ L ICT +1 µg/mL DOX, 20 µmol/L ICT +2 µg/mL DOX, 20 µmol/L ICT +4 µg/mL DOX, 40 µmol/L ICT +1 µg/mL DOX, 40 µmol/L ICT +2 µg/mL DOX, 40 µmol/L ICT +4 µg/mL DOX, 80 µmol/L ICT +1 µg/mL DOX, 80 µmol/L ICT +2 µg/mL DOX, 80 µmol/L ICT +4 µg/mL DOX) were set up. Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were respectively cultured and their effects on morphological changes were observed using inverted phase contrast microscope after 24-and 48-h intervention. The cell proliferation inhibition rate of each group was de- termined using CCK-8, and IC50 calculated. The MG-63 apoptosis rate was detected using Annexin V-FITC/ PI double dye flow cytometry. Expression levels of bcl-2, caspase-3, and p21 were detected using RT-PCR.

RESULTSICT and DOX could obviously inhibit the proliferation of MG-63 cell. Along with ICT concentration increasing from 10 µmol/L to 160 µmol/L, the cell proliferation inhibition rate also increased gradually from 9.67% ± 3.62% to 89.18% ± 9.66%. The IC50 was 46.93 µmol/L and 3.87 µg/mL respectively. ICT and DOX could cause either early or late stage apoptosis, down-regulate Bcl-2 gene expression, and up-regulate gene expressions of Caspase-3 and p21 respectively (P < 0.05). Aforesaid changes were more obviously seen in combination groups than in lCT groups and DOX groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCT combined DOX had additive or synergistic inhibition effect for the proliferation of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, which might be related with regulating gene expressions of bcl-2, caspase-3, and p21.

Apoptosis ; Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism

Aged ; Beijing ; China ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Temperature

Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Esophagus ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Stents ; Stomach ; surgery ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; surgery