The efficacy mechanism of the alcoholic extract of Gnaphalium affine was investigated by observing its influence on oxidative stress and intestinal flora in rats modeled for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). UPLC-MS was used to evaluate the quality of the alcoholic extract of G. affine, and 72 rats were randomly divided into six groups, with COPD models established in five groups by cigarette smoke combined with airway drip lipopolysaccharide, and the rats were given the positive drug of Danlong Oral Solution, as well as low-, medium-, and high-doses alcoholic extract of G. affine, respectively. After two weeks of continuous gastric gavage, the body weights and general morphology observations were performed; HE staining and Masson staining were used to verify the effects of the alcoholic extract of G. affine on alveolar inflammation and collagen deposition area in COPD rats; the oxidative stress indexes CAT and GSH in serum and SOD and MDA in lung tissue of the rats were measured, and the mRNA expression of HO-1, Nrf2, and NQO1 were determined by qRT-PCR. The protein expressions of HO-1, Nrf2, and NQO1 were determined by the Western blot method, and the mechanism by which the alcoholic extract of G. affine affected oxidative stress in COPD rats was explored. Finally, the influence of G. affine on the changes in intestinal flora caused by COPD was studied by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that a total of 121 chemical components were identified by UPLC-MS, including 70 positive and 51 negative ion modes. In animal experiments, it was found that the alcoholic extracts of G. affine were able to reduce the percentage of collagen deposition, affect the oxidative stress indexes such as CAT, GSH, SOD, MDA, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed an increase in the level of Lactobacillales and a decrease in the level of Desulfovibrio and Desulfovibrionales, suggesting that the alcoholic extracts of G. affine could reverse the changes in intestinal flora caused by COPD. In conclusion, the alcoholic extracts of G. affine may exert anti-COPD effects by affecting the oxidative stress pathway and modulating the changes in intestinal flora.
Animals ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics* ; Rats ; Male ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Humans ; Lung/metabolism*

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Objective:To construct a Logistic regression model based on the energy spectral computed tomography(CT)parameters and clinical parameters characteristics,and to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy in the benign and malignant pulmonary ground glass nodules(GGN).Methods:162 GGN patients who were admitted to our hospital from April 2022 to March 2024 were selected,they were divided into benign group and malignant group according to pathological results.The difference of CT parameters[water content in normal scan period,water content in arterial period,slope of energy spectral curve in normal scan period and k value in arterial period]and clinical data between the two groups was compared.Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of malignant GGN.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the model for malignant GGN.Results:Water content in normal scan period in malignant group was significantly higher than that in benign group(P＜0.05).k value in normal scan period in the malignant group was significantly higher than that in the benign group(P＜0.05).Water content in arterial period in malignant group was higher than that in benign group(P＜0.05).k value in arterial period in the malignant group was higher than in benign group(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in smoking history,family history of tumor and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)between benign group and malignant group(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis showed that,water content in normal scan period,k value in normal scan period,k value in arterial period,water content in arterial period,smoking history and family history of tumor were independent influencing factors of malignant nodule in GGN patients(P＜0.05).Based on the results of multi-factor Logistic regression analysis,the Logistic regression prediction model was constructed:logit(P)=ln(P/l-P)=0.015× water content in arterial period+1.214× smoking history+1.506× family history of tumor+0.013× water content in normal scan period 0.553× k value in normal scan period+0.202 × k value in arterial period.ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of the combined prediction model was 0.852,which was significantly higher than 0.654,0.607,0.628,0.759,0.707,0.682 of water content in normal scan period,k value in normal scan period,k value in arterial period,water content in arterial period,smoking history and family history of tumor.Conclusion:The Logistic regression model constructed based on the characteristics of energy spectral CT parameters and clinical parameters characteristics has good diagnostic efficacy for benign and malignant GGN.

Objective:To construct a Logistic regression model based on the energy spectral computed tomography(CT)parameters and clinical parameters characteristics,and to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy in the benign and malignant pulmonary ground glass nodules(GGN).Methods:162 GGN patients who were admitted to our hospital from April 2022 to March 2024 were selected,they were divided into benign group and malignant group according to pathological results.The difference of CT parameters[water content in normal scan period,water content in arterial period,slope of energy spectral curve in normal scan period and k value in arterial period]and clinical data between the two groups was compared.Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of malignant GGN.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the model for malignant GGN.Results:Water content in normal scan period in malignant group was significantly higher than that in benign group(P＜0.05).k value in normal scan period in the malignant group was significantly higher than that in the benign group(P＜0.05).Water content in arterial period in malignant group was higher than that in benign group(P＜0.05).k value in arterial period in the malignant group was higher than in benign group(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in smoking history,family history of tumor and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)between benign group and malignant group(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis showed that,water content in normal scan period,k value in normal scan period,k value in arterial period,water content in arterial period,smoking history and family history of tumor were independent influencing factors of malignant nodule in GGN patients(P＜0.05).Based on the results of multi-factor Logistic regression analysis,the Logistic regression prediction model was constructed:logit(P)=ln(P/l-P)=0.015× water content in arterial period+1.214× smoking history+1.506× family history of tumor+0.013× water content in normal scan period 0.553× k value in normal scan period+0.202 × k value in arterial period.ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of the combined prediction model was 0.852,which was significantly higher than 0.654,0.607,0.628,0.759,0.707,0.682 of water content in normal scan period,k value in normal scan period,k value in arterial period,water content in arterial period,smoking history and family history of tumor.Conclusion:The Logistic regression model constructed based on the characteristics of energy spectral CT parameters and clinical parameters characteristics has good diagnostic efficacy for benign and malignant GGN.

Aim To observe the effect of betulinic acid (BA) on the migration and invasion of human gastric cancer MKN-45 cells induced by transforming growth factor-pi (TGF-β1), and to explore the effect of BA on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the potential mechanism. Methods The MKN-45 cells were cultivated in vitro, and the effects of different concentrations of BA on the proliferation of MKN-45 cells at 24, 48 and 72 h were detected using CCK-8 method. The effects of BA (5, 10, 20 jjunol • L) and TGF-01 inhibitor LY2109761 (10 ^mol • L"

Objective:To compare the differences in the prevalence of mild micro-hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) among patients with cirrhosis by using the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and the Stroop smartphone application (Encephal App) test.Methods:This prospective, multi-center, real-world study was initiated by the National Clinical Medical Research Center for Infectious Diseases and the Portal Hypertension Alliance and registered with International ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05140837). 354 cases of cirrhosis were enrolled in 19 hospitals across the country. PHES (including digital connection tests A and B, digital symbol tests, trajectory drawing tests, and serial management tests) and the Stroop test were conducted in all of them. PHES was differentiated using standard diagnostic criteria established by the two studies in China and South Korea. The Stroop test was evaluated based on the criteria of the research and development team. The impact of different diagnostic standards or methods on the incidence of MHE in patients with cirrhosis was analyzed. Data between groups were differentiated using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test. A kappa test was used to compare the consistency between groups. Results:After PHES, the prevalence of MHE among 354 cases of cirrhosis was 78.53% and 15.25%, respectively, based on Chinese research standards and Korean research normal value standards. However, the prevalence of MHE was 56.78% based on the Stroop test, and the differences in pairwise comparisons among the three groups were statistically significant (kappa = -0.064, P < 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that the MHE prevalence in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C was 74.14%, 83.33%, and 88.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Chinese researchers, while the MHE prevalence rates in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C were 8.29%, 23.53%, and 38.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Korean researchers. Furthermore, the prevalence rates of MHE in the three groups of patients with Child-Pugh grades A, B, and C were 52.68%, 58.82%, and 73.53%, respectively, according to the Stroop test standard. However, among the results of each diagnostic standard, the prevalence of MHE showed an increasing trend with an increasing Child-Pugh grade. Further comparison demonstrated that the scores obtained by the number connection test A and the number symbol test were consistent according to the normal value standards of the two studies in China and South Korea ( Z = -0.982, -1.702; P = 0.326, 0.089), while the other three sub-tests had significant differences ( P < 0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence rate of MHE in the cirrhotic population is high, but the prevalence of MHE obtained by using different diagnostic criteria or methods varies greatly. Therefore, in line with the current changes in demographics and disease spectrum, it is necessary to enroll a larger sample size of a healthy population as a control. Moreover, the establishment of more reliable diagnostic scoring criteria will serve as a basis for obtaining accurate MHE incidence and formulating diagnosis and treatment strategies in cirrhotic populations.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery with multiple-onset in Henan province from 2005 to 2020. Methods: The reported cases of bacillary dysentery (including confirmed cases and clinically diagnosed cases) in Henan Province from January 2005 to December 2020 were collected through China's National Disease Supervision Information Management System. The main information included gender, age, home address, date of onset and date of diagnosis. The interval between two episodes of the same case was more than 15 days, which was judged as two episodes. The incidence characteristics of bacillary dysentery patients with two or more cases in Henan Province from 2005 to 2020 were analyzed, and the regional distribution map of cases was drawn using ArcGIS software. Results: From 2005 to 2020, a total of 250 430 cases of bacillary dysentery were reported in Henan Province, with a cumulative incidence rate of 228.66/100 000. There were 2 342 cases with two or more attacks. The incidence of recurrent cases of bacillary dysentery increased year by year (χ²_trend=2 932.28, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of two or more cases of different sexes (χ²=0.39, P=0.540). There was significant difference in the incidence among different age groups (χ²=438.40, P<0.001). The incidence of two or more cases in the 60-69 age group was relatively high (1.70%). The shortest time interval between the onset of the disease was 16 days, and the longest was 5 579 days, with M (Q₁, Q₃) about 428 (237, 843) days. Compared with healthy people, those with a history of bacterial diseases had a higher risk of developing bacillary dysentery (RR: 4.12, 95%CI: 3.95‒4.29). Conclusion: The proportion of patients with multiple-onset shows an increasing trend, and there is an age difference.
Humans ; Dysentery, Bacillary/diagnosis* ; Incidence

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction (GID) of gastric cancer with meta-analysis. METHODS: The articles of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for postoperative GID of gastric cancer were retrieved from the following databases from the time of database establishment to December 31, 2020, including PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, VIP database and China Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed). RevMan5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Using Stata16.0 software, sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were performed. RESULTS: A total of 16 RCTs were included finally, including 1 360 patients, of which, there were 681 cases in the intervention group and 679 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis results showed that acupuncture and moxibustion shortened the time of first flatus (P<0.000 01, MD =-14.52, 95%CI = [-17.31, -11.74]), the time of first bowel sound (P<0.000 01, MD =-10.50, 95%CI =[-13.99, -7.01]) and the time of first defecation (P<0.000 1, MD =-13.79, 95%CI =[-20.09, -7.50]). Meanwhile, acupuncture and moxibustion shortened the time of the first food intake (P<0.000 1, MD =-3.23, 95%CI = [-3.45, -3.00]) and the hospital stay (P<0.000 01, MD =-1.94, 95%CI =[-2.20, -1.69]) after gastric cancer operation, and reduced the incidences of postoperative adverse reactions, i.e. nausea and vomiting (P =0.000 3, RR =0.43, 95%CI =[0.28, 0.68]) and abdominal distention (P =0.000 5, RR =0.41, 95%CI =[0.25, 0.68]). CONCLUSION Acupuncture and moxibustion can promote the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function in the patients with gastric cancer. But, for the comparison among different measures of acupuncture and moxibustion intervention, it needs more high-quality trials for a further verification.
Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Humans ; Moxibustion/methods* ; Nausea ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery* ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group (n=1 189) and non-EUGR (n=1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined. RESULTS: The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR (P<0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.
Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: To explore the optimal maintenance dose of caffeine citrate for preterm infants requiring assisted ventilation and caffeine citrate treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 566 preterm infants (gestational age ≤34 weeks) who were treated and required assisted ventilation and caffeine citrate treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit of 30 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province of China between January 1 and December 31, 2019. The 405 preterm infants receiving high-dose (10 mg/kg per day) caffeine citrate after a loading dose of 20 mg/kg within 24 hours after birth were enrolled as the high-dose group. The 161 preterm infants receiving low-dose (5 mg/kg per day) caffeine citrate were enrolled as the low-dose group. RESULTS: Compared with the low-dose group, the high-dose group had significant reductions in the need for high-concentration oxygen during assisted ventilation (P=0.044), the duration of oxygen inhalation after weaning from noninvasive ventilation (P<0.01), total oxygen inhalation time during hospitalization (P<0.01), the proportion of preterm infants requiring noninvasive ventilation again (P<0.01), the rate of use of pulmonary surfactant and budesonide (P<0.05), and the incidence rates of apnea and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P<0.01), but the high-dose group had a significantly increased incidence rate of feeding intolerance (P=0.032). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the body weight change, the incidence rates of retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage or necrotizing enterocolitis, the mortality rate, and the duration of caffeine use (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This pilot multicenter study shows that the high maintenance dose (10 mg/kg per day) is generally beneficial to preterm infants in China and does not increase the incidence rate of common adverse reactions. For the risk of feeding intolerance, further research is needed to eliminate the interference of confounding factors as far as possible.
Caffeine/therapeutic use* ; Citrates ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies