AIM:To investigate myopia status and analyze the influence factors in children and adolescent in Wulong district of Chongqing.METHODS:Cross-sectional study. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2 504 primary and secondary school students in Wulong district, and all students underwent myopia screen and questionnaire survey, statistics and analyses the data.RESULTS:Totally 2 431 students were participated in this study, and 1 217 students with myopia were screened out, the prevalence rate of myopia was 50.06%, awareness rate of myopia was 64.59%, glasses wearing rate of myopia was 51.85%. The prevalence of myopia increased with age and grade(P<0.05), the prevalence of myopia in male(46.97%)was lower than in female(53.18%), and the prevalence of myopia in township(47.06%)was lower than in urban area(52.11%; all P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that outdoor activities were protective factor for myopia, while female, myopic parents, near vision work, short sleep duration and sweet tooth were risk factors for myopia.CONCLUSION:The prevalence rate of myopia was higher in children and adolescent in Wulong district of Chongqing, awareness rate of myopia and glasses wearing rate of myopia were lower, and the genesis of myopia is highly relevant to outdoor activities, gender, myopic parents, near vision work, short sleep duration and sweet tooth.

AIM: To compare the efficacy of different dosing regimens of conbercept in the treatment of pathological myopic choroidal neovascularization(CNV).METHODS: Prospective clinical study. Totally 42 patients(42 eyes)who were diagnosed with pathological myopic CNV in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected in the study. According to two different initial dosing regimens, the patients were divided into 1+pro re nata(PRN)group, with 20 patients(20 eyes), and 3+PRN group with 22 patients(22 eyes). The patients in the 1+PRN group were given one intravitreal injection and then given PRN, the patients in the 3+PRN group were given intravitreal injection once a month for 3 mo and then given PRN. Followed-up for 12 mo after initial treatment, the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT), CNV area and injection times were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: The BCVA was improved, CMT was decreased, and CNV area was reduced at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo after the initial treatment(P<0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in BCVA, CMT and CNV area between two groups(P>0.05). The average injection in the 1+PRN group was significantly less than that of the 3+PRN group [2(1, 3)times vs 3(3, 4)times, P<0.05], but the average reinjection in the 1+PRN group was more than that of the 3+PRN group [1(0, 2)times vs 0(0, 1)times, P<0.05].CONCLUSION: Two regimens were both safe and effective in the treatment of pathological myopic CNV by Conbercept, which can improve BCVA, decrease CMT, and reduce CNV area, with less total times of injection in the 1+PRN regimen, and less times of reinjection in the 3+PRN regimen.

The current document is based on a consensus reached by a panel of experts from the Chinese Society of Allergy and the Chinese Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Group. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 8% of Chinese adults. The inflammatory and remodeling mechanisms of CRS in the Chinese population differ from those observed in the populations of European descent. Recently, precision medicine has been used to treat inflammation by targeting key biomarkers that are involved in the process. However, there are no CRS guidelines or a consensus available from China that can be shared with the international academia. The guidelines presented in this paper cover the epidemiology, economic burden, genetics and epigenetics, mechanisms, phenotypes and endotypes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, management, and the current status of CRS in China. These guidelines—with a focus on China—will improve the abilities of clinical and medical staff during the treatment of CRS. Additionally, they will help international agencies in improving the verification of CRS endotypes, mapping of eosinophilic shifts, the identification of suitable biomarkers for endotyping, and predicting responses to therapies. In conclusion, these guidelines will help select therapies, such as pharmacotherapy, surgical approaches and innovative biotherapeutics, which are tailored to each of the individual CRS endotypes.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biomarkers ; China ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophils ; Epidemiology ; Epigenomics ; Genetics ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; International Agencies ; Medical Staff ; Neck ; Phenotype ; Precision Medicine

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*

BACKGROUND: Tissue-engineered spinal cord has brought new treatment ideas for spinal cord repair.OBJECTIVE: To construct the tissue-engineered spinal cord by chitosan alginate scaffold and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), and to investigate its repairing effects on acute spinal cord injury in rats.METHODS: The spinal cord hemisection model was established in 48 Sprague-Dawley rats and then, rat models were randomly divided into four groups: model group, scaffold group, ADMSCs group and tissue-engineered spinal cord group,followed by direct suturing of the dura mater, implantation of chitosan alginate scaffold, implantation of ADMSCs, and implantation of tissue-engineered spinal cord, respectively. The limb motor function of rats was evaluated based on the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score at 1, 3, 7 weeks after transplantation. Immunofluorescence staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the spinal cord specimens were performed at 7 weeks after transplantation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Motor function of the hind limb: At 3 and 7 weeks after transplantation, the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score was highest in the tissue-engineered spinal cord followed, followed by the ADMSCs and scaffold groups, and lowest in the model group (P < 0.05). (2) Immunofluorescence and hematoxylin-eosin staining: in the model group, the spinal cord injury area was infiltrated with a large number of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. In the scaffold group, there was no scar formation; neuron-specific enolase-positive cells, glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells and a few neurofilament protein 200-positive cells were found in the junctional area. In the ADMSCs group, the spinal cord injury area was filled with scar tissue, and a large number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells were found. In the tissue-engineered spinal cord group, there was no scar tissue, and there were a large number of neuron-specific enolase-positive cells, a small amount of CM-Dil-labeled ADMSCs and more glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells. Neurofilament protein 200 positive cells were connected to each other at the junction. These findings indicate that the tissue-engineered spinal cord constructed by chitosan alginate scaffold and ADMSCs can promote spinal cord repair after acute spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the distribution of the prevalence of albuminuria in elderly population of a community in Tianjin and analyze the situation of their early renal injury and its clinical and environmental risk factors.Methods The morning spot urine sample and the clinical data from 2 050 old population (aged ≥ 60 years)who took part in healthy examination were collected.The concentration of urine albumin and creatinine were tested,and the albumin/creatinine ratio(ACR)was calculated.We analyzed the prevalence of albuminuria,and used logistic regression to analyze the odd ratio(OR) of risk factors.Results In the 2 050 participants,the prevalence was 1162 cases (56.69％) for hypertension,264 cases (12.86％) for diabetes and 568 cases (27.71％) for albuminuria.The prevalence of ACR ＞ 30 mg/g was lower in men than in women (21.61％ vs.32.55％,P＜0.001).The OR for increased ACR was 1.45 in 70-79y subjects as compared with 60-69y subjects,and the OR was 1.89 in ＞80y old people.The OR of increased ACR was 2.03 in ＞80y old people after adjusting gender.Body mass index and waist circumference were not the risk factors of increased ACR after adjusting confounding factors.There was an association between the prevalence of albuminuria and triglycerides(OR=1.19),hypertension(OR=1.68),diabetes(OR=1.95).ACR value was increased along with increased number of cigarettes,however,there was also no association between smoking and albuminuria(P＞ 0.05).Physical activity could reduce the risk of albuminuria,the OR of ACR＞30 mg/g in those undertaking a activity once daily was 0.52 (P =0.027) Conclusions There is a high prevalence of albuminuria in elderly population(higher in female than in male) in a community of Tianjin.Hypertension and diabetes have the greatest influence on ACR.Additionally,the physical activity once daily can reduce the risk of albuminuria.

China ; Humans ; Otolaryngology

Background Studies showed that traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) can activate and induce immuno-inflammatory response,while T helper cell 17 (Th17), a CD4+ T lymphocyte, is associated with immunoinflammatory response.However,the effects of Th17 on the development of TON are unclear.Objective This study was to observe the changes of Th17 lymphocytes in spleen and the expression of interleukin-17 (IL-7) in retina in TON rats.Methods Seventy male 4-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, sham operation group and TON 1-, 3-,7-, 14-and 28-day group according to random number table.The optical nerves of the right eyes were exposed and impacted at a 25° angle by using fluid percussion injury (FPI) device with the average force (699.1±60.8) kPa to create the TON models in the TON groups,and only optical nerves were exposed in the sham operation group.Flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) was recorded and the amplitude and latency were measured to evaluate the function of optical nerves of the rats.The rat splenocyte suspension in various groups was prepared for the detection of Th17 cells by flow cytometry, and the expression of IL-17 protein was detected by immunochemistry.Results No significant differences were found in the amplitudes and latencies of P2 wave, proportion of Th17 cells and the IL-17 positive cell numbers in retina between the normal control group and sham operation group (P =0.829,0.830,0.856,0.496).The amplitudes of P2 wave were significantly lower, and the latencies of P2 wave were significantly longer in the TON groups than those in the sham operation group (all at P＜ 0.05).The proportions of Th17 positive CD4+ T lymphocytes were (0.94±0.13)％,(1.80±0.18)％,(1.98± 0.20)％ ,(2.34±0.20)％ ,(2.11±0.13)％ ,(1.92±0.18)％ in the sham operation group,TON 1-day group,TON 3-day group,TON 7-day group,TON 14-day group and TON 28-day group, respectively, showing significant differences between the sham operation group and various TON groups (all at P＜0.05).In addition, the IL-17 positive cell numbers in retina were 796.326 ± 100.028, 1 673.416 ± 188.021,1 892.431 ± 151.026,2 420.454 ± 256.024,1 996.429±177.022 and 1 629.410±127.023 in the sham operation group,TON 1-day group,TON 3-day group,TON 7-day group,TON 14-day group and TON 28-day group, respectively, showing significant differences between the sham operation group and various TON groups (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions In rats of TON, the proportion of Th17 cell in splenocytes and the expressions of IL-17 in retina are increased,suggesting that Th17 and IL-17 participate in the progression of TON.

Primary hypertension is one of the common chronic diseases, as well as the key disease for prevention and treatment by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The authors searched and analyzed RCTs studies on primary hyper-tension treatment with acupuncture in the PubMed. It showed that primary hypertension treatment with acupuncture abroad had high quality methodologies. However, the deficiencies of TCM theories in the treatment plan in these studies were the same as RCTs of acupuncture treatment design of other diseases. It may due to the insufficiency of TCM knowledge and culture differences of researchers aboard. Besides, the small sample amount, various interven-tions, no blank control, and the using of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure most of the time, may difficult to objec-tively evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture. Therefore, our research team will carry out high quality RCT stud-ies under the guidance of TCM theories of meridians and syndrome differentiation to further discuss the specificity of acupoints.

In this experimental study, the RGD-containing peptide was used to modify the surface of biomimetic PLGA-(ASP-PEG) matrix, and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were seeded onto these modified surfaces for three weeks. The effects of modified surfaces of matrix on the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs were explored. BMSCs were harvested from whole bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in vitro, then were seeded onto peptide surface-modified matrix (Experiment group, EG) and matrices without modification (Control group, CG) respectively for three weeks. The number of adhesive cells was counted by using precipitation method after 4 h and 12 h incubation; the cells cytoskeletons were stained with FITC-conjugated phalloidin after 24h incubation; the cell density was investigated after 1 d, 2 d and 3 d of incubation; ALP activity of BMSCs was measured after 7 d, 14 d and 21 d of incubation with osteogenic medium. The cells from bone marrow were BMSCs and their purity was beyond 90% using flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Sulphur binding energy in EG was shown by XPS to be 164 eV. BMSCs adhered on peptide surface-modified matrix were observed with SEM. Cell adhesion efficiency and quality in EG was better than that in CG, and cell cytoskeleton was more robust in EG. ALP activity was higher in EG than in CG. Peptide surface-modified PLGA-(ASP-PEG) was noted to have good compatibility with BMSCs and to promote cell adhesion and differentiation.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Oligopeptides ; chemistry ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Peptides ; chemistry ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Surface Properties ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds