This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Allergen-specific immunotherapy（AIT） remains the only therapeutic approach with the potential to modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis（AR）. Nevertheless, considerable inter-individual variability exists in patients'responses to AIT. To facilitate more reliable assessment of treatment efficacy, the China Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group（CRRCG） convened young and middle-aged nasal experts in China to formulate the present consensus. The recommended subjective outcome measures for AIT comprise symptom scores, medication scores, combined symptom and medication scores, quality-of-life assessments, evaluation of disease control, and assessment of comorbidities. Objective indicators may supplement these measures. Currently available objective approaches include skin prick testing, nasal provocation testing, and allergen exposure chambers. However, these methods remain constrained by practical limitations and are not yet appropriate for routine implementation in clinical efficacy evaluation. In addition, several biomarkers, including sIgE and the sIgE/tIgE ratio, sIgG4, serum IgE-blocking activity, IgA, cytokines and chemokines, as well as immune cell surface molecules and their functional activity, have been shown to have associations with AIT outcomes. While these biomarkers may complement subjective assessments, they are subject to significant limitations. Consequently, large-scale multicenter trials and real-world evidence are required to strengthen the evidence base. The present consensus underscores the necessity of integrating patients'subjective experiences with objective testing throughout the treatment process, thereby providing a more comprehensive and accurate framework for efficacy evaluation. Looking forward, future investigations should prioritize the incorporation of multi-omics data and artificial intelligence methodologies, which hold promise for overcoming current limitations in assessment strategies and for advancing both the standardization and personalization of AIT.
Humans ; Allergens/immunology* ; China ; Consensus ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Immunoglobulin E ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; East Asian People

Objective:To identify the risk factors and to construct a predictive model for early postnatal mortality (with the first 7 days of life) in extremely preterm infants.Methods:This retrospective study involved 244 extremely preterm infants with a gestational age of 22 to 27 weeks and 6 days, born at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from January 2017 to December 2022. They were divided into an early survival group ( n=140) and an early mortality group ( n=84), based on survival for ≥7 days after birth. LASSO and logistic regression were used to select risk factors for early mortality. A nomogram predictive model was constructed using the R software program. The goodness-of-fit tests, area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curves were used to evaluate its performance and clinical usefulness. Results:LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that breech delivery ( OR=3.055, 95% CI: 1.125-8.296), intubation in the delivery room ( OR=4.320, 95% CI: 1.328-14.053), diagnosis of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ neonatal respiratory distress syndrome within 6 h after birth ( OR=11.552, 95% CI: 3.056-43.677), and use of adrenaline in the delivery room ( OR=10.706, 95% CI: 1.454-78.816) were risk factors for early mortality in extremely preterm infants. Conversely, large gestation age ( OR=0.234, 95% CI: 0.125-0.436), antenatal administration of corticosteroids to promote fetal lung maturity ( OR=0.046, 95% CI: 0.014-0.145), and the use of pulmonary surfactant within 6 h after birth ( OR=0.021, 95% CI: 0.004-0.122) were protective factors against mortality. The goodness of fit test of the early death risk nomogram prediction model for extremely preterm infants indicates a good fit ( P=0.702). The AUC of the model was 0.963 (95% CI: 0.943-0.983), with a sensitivity of 0.904 (95% CI: 0.806-0.949), specificity of 0.892 (95% CI: 0.829-0.938), and accuracy of 0.880. Decision curve analysis indicated that a threshold probability>2% would yield a net benefit. Conclusions:Breech delivery, intubation in the delivery room, use of adrenaline in the delivery room, and the diagnosis of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ neonatal respiratory distress syndrome within 6 h post-birth are independent risk factors for early mortality in extremely preterm infants. Large gestational age, antenatal administration of corticosteroids to promote fetal lung maturity and use of pulmonary surfactant within 6 h after birth are protective factors. The constructed prediction model based on the aforementioned factors can quantitatively, conveniently, and intuitively assess the risk of early mortality in extremely preterm infants.

Objective:Pediatric chronic sinusitis （CRS） is a common disease within the field of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Due to the immaturity of sinus development and immune competence in children, its etiology and pathophysiology are complex, and its clinical features and outcomes differ significantly from those in adult patients. Currently, there are issues in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CRS, particularly in areas such as antibiotic use and surgical interventions, owing to a lack of sufficient attention. In recognition of this, the Chinese Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group developed this expert consensus based on a systematic review of the latest literatures from both domestic and international sources, with reference to the latest evidence-based medical evidence worldwide, and in combination with their own clinical experience. The consensus covers various aspects including epidemiology, predisposing factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, as well as treatment strategies such as medical therapy and surgical intervention. It aims to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CRS, improve clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction, reduce clinical expenditures, and decrease the occurrence of adverse reactions.
Humans ; Sinusitis/therapy* ; Chronic Disease ; Child ; Consensus ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use*

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease. The diagnosis of schizophrenia so far relies heavily on subjective evidence, including self-reported experiences by patients, manifestations described by relatives, and abnormal behaviors assessed by psychiatrists. The diagnosis, monitoring of the disease progression and therapy efficacy assessment are challenging due to the lack of established laboratory biomarkers. Based on the current literature, clinical consensus, guidelines, and expert recommendations, this review highlighted evidence-based potential laboratory biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, including genetic biomarkers, neurotransmitters, neurodevelopmental-related proteins, and intestinal flora, and discussed the potential future directions for the application of these biomarkers in this field, aiming to provide an objective basis for the use of these biomarkers in the early and accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and rehabilitation assessment of schizophrenia.

Objective To investigate the effect of effective fractions from Radix Vitis Davidii Foex. on fracture healing. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into model control group,Yunnan Baiyao group,and effective fraction group (n= 36 each group). Fracture models were established. Rats in the Yunnan Baiyao group and effective fraction group were given 3.0 g?kg-1?d-1 of Yunnan Baiyao and effective fraction from Radix Vitis Davidii Foex.,respectively,and rats in the model control group was treated with the same volume of pure water. Alkaline phosphatase and Ca concentration in serum were determined.For radius fracture structure,digital radiography and RT-PCR detection of VEGF mRNA expression were performed. Results The peak concentration of the alkaline phosphatase and Ca concentration in serum were significantly higher in the effective fraction group than in the Yunnan Baiyao group,and peak value appeared earlier,fracture healing score was higher, fracture line disappeared earlier,and VEGF mRNA expression was significantly higher in three weeks after the fracture (all P<0. 01) . Conclusion The effect of the effective fraction from RadixVitis Davidii Foex.on the fracture healing is strong.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*

Objective To study the levels of serum cytokines in schizophrenic patients and their changes in antipsychotic medica-tion treatment .Methods The levels of serum cytokines including IL-10 ,IL-6 ,IL-13 ,IL-4 ,IFN ,TNF-α,IL-1a and IL-1RA were de-tected in 34 healthy adults and 53 schizophrenia patients by adopting the flow fluorescence method .Results The serum levels of IL-6 ,IL10 and TNF-αbefore treatment in schizophrenic patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0 .05) . After treatment ,the levels of serum IL-1a ,IL-6 and TNF-α in schizophrenic patients were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels are correlated with the disease condition of schizophrenia .IL-10 plays a role in early anti-inflammation of schizophrenia .

Objective: To develop an HPLC-ELSD method for the simultaneous determination of six saponins constituents including notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rc and ginsenoside Rd in Xinling pills.Methods: HPLC-ELSD was used, and the chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse XBD-C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase with gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1, the column temperature was maintained at 20℃, the drift tube temperature was 60℃, and the gas pressure was 4.00 bar.Results: Notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rc and ginsenoside Rd was linear within the range of 0.30-6.00μg(r=0.999 5), 1.14-22.80μg (r=0.999 6), 0.17-3.40 μg (r=0.999 7), 0.81-16.20 μg (r=0.999 7), 0.08-1.60 μg (r=0.999 8) and 0.07-1.40 μg (r=0.999 8), respectively.The average recovery was 98.23%, 97.98%, 99.14%, 99.15%, 98.72% and 98.37%, and the RSDs were 1.56%, 1.31%, 1.16%, 1.07%, 0.73% and 0.92%(n=6), respectively.Conclusion: The method is convenient, accurate and reproducible in the quality control of saponins components in Xinling pills

Objective To investigate the effect of arthroscopic debridement and meniscectomy in treatment of moderate or severe meniscus injury combined with knee osteoarthritis in early or middle stage. Methods 156 cases diagnosed with moderate or severe meniscus injury combined with knee osteoarthritis in early or middle stage were collected from October 2011 to October 2014. Lysholm knee score and preoperative examinations such as anteroposterior, lateral, axial radiographs, the standing full leg length X-ray film and MRI scan of the knee were recommended to definitively understand the osteoarthritis staging and meniscus injury grading. All patients were treated with arthroscopic debridement and meniscectomy. After operation, physical rehabilitation exercises and regular clinical follow-up were carried out as planned. The Lysholm knee score data from preoperation and terminal follow-up was statistical analyzed. Results No patient experienced any perioperative and postoperative complications. Statistical analysis showed that the Lysholm knee score of postoperation was significantly higher than that of preoperation [(87.3 ± 7.9) vs (67.5 ± 4.9), P < 0.05). Conclusion Arthroscopic debridement and meniscectomy in treatment of moderate or severe meniscus injury combined with knee osteoarthritis in early or middle stage, gains beneficial effects for its minimal invasion and quick recovery.