Objective To observe the role of empagliflozin tablets combined with benazepril hydrochloride tablets on clinical efficacy and renal outcomes in treating type 2 diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Methods Patients with type 2 DKD were divided into treatment group and control group by means of the random number table method.The control group was treated with benazepril hydrochloride tablets(10 mg,qd)and the treatment group was treated with empagliflozin tablets on the basis of the control group.The initial dose was 10 mg,qd,adjusted to 25 mg after tolerance,qd.Two groups were treated for 3 months.The clinical efficacy,blood glucose indexes[fasting plasma glucose(FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1 c)],renal function indexes[serum creatinine(SCr),glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)],oxidative stress indexes[superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)],renal outcomes and safety were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results In the treatment group,63 cases were enrolled,2 cases were lost,and 61 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis.In the control group,63 cases were enrolled,2 cases were lost,and finally 61 cases were included in the statistical analysis.After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment group and control group were 88.52％(54 cases/61 cases)and 73.77％(45 cases/61 cases),respectively(P＜0.05).After treatment,the peripheral blood FPB levels in treatment group and control group were(5.64±0.58)and(6.31±0.79)mmol·L-1;HbA1c levels were(6.09±0.75)％and(6.94±0.96)％;SCr levels were(111.88±11.45)and(119.41±8.31)μmol·L-1;eGFR values were(64.11±9.04)and(58.92±4.79)mL·min-1·1.73 m-2;SOD levels were(45.72±5.53)and(39.54±3.97)U·mL-1;MDA levels were(26.18±3.22)and(30.31±3.65)nmol·mL-1;the incidence rates of adverse renal outcomes were 6.56％(4 cases/61 cases)and 19.67％(12 cases/61 cases),respectively,with statistical differences(all P＜0.05).The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were mainly urinary tract infection,hypoglycemia and headache,and those in control group were mainly hypotension and headache.The incidence rates of adverse drug reactions were 9.84％(6 cases/61 cases)and 6.56％(4 cases/61 cases),respectively(P＞0.05).Conclusion The clinical efficacy of empagliflozin tablets combined with benazepril hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of type 2 DKD is better,which can reduce the incidence of adverse renal outcomes without increasing adverse drug reactions.

Objective To observe the role of empagliflozin tablets combined with benazepril hydrochloride tablets on clinical efficacy and renal outcomes in treating type 2 diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Methods Patients with type 2 DKD were divided into treatment group and control group by means of the random number table method.The control group was treated with benazepril hydrochloride tablets(10 mg,qd)and the treatment group was treated with empagliflozin tablets on the basis of the control group.The initial dose was 10 mg,qd,adjusted to 25 mg after tolerance,qd.Two groups were treated for 3 months.The clinical efficacy,blood glucose indexes[fasting plasma glucose(FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1 c)],renal function indexes[serum creatinine(SCr),glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)],oxidative stress indexes[superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)],renal outcomes and safety were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results In the treatment group,63 cases were enrolled,2 cases were lost,and 61 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis.In the control group,63 cases were enrolled,2 cases were lost,and finally 61 cases were included in the statistical analysis.After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment group and control group were 88.52％(54 cases/61 cases)and 73.77％(45 cases/61 cases),respectively(P＜0.05).After treatment,the peripheral blood FPB levels in treatment group and control group were(5.64±0.58)and(6.31±0.79)mmol·L-1;HbA1c levels were(6.09±0.75)％and(6.94±0.96)％;SCr levels were(111.88±11.45)and(119.41±8.31)μmol·L-1;eGFR values were(64.11±9.04)and(58.92±4.79)mL·min-1·1.73 m-2;SOD levels were(45.72±5.53)and(39.54±3.97)U·mL-1;MDA levels were(26.18±3.22)and(30.31±3.65)nmol·mL-1;the incidence rates of adverse renal outcomes were 6.56％(4 cases/61 cases)and 19.67％(12 cases/61 cases),respectively,with statistical differences(all P＜0.05).The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were mainly urinary tract infection,hypoglycemia and headache,and those in control group were mainly hypotension and headache.The incidence rates of adverse drug reactions were 9.84％(6 cases/61 cases)and 6.56％(4 cases/61 cases),respectively(P＞0.05).Conclusion The clinical efficacy of empagliflozin tablets combined with benazepril hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of type 2 DKD is better,which can reduce the incidence of adverse renal outcomes without increasing adverse drug reactions.

To conduct research and stipulate international standards of Chinese herbal medicine under the guildance of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has become a new hot spot of internationalization and standardization of traditional Chinese medicines. International organization for standardization/technical committee of traditional Chinese medicine (ISO/TC249) provides a international platform to develop the standards of Chinese herbal medicine. Sinomenii Caulis, as a traditional Chinese medicine with obvious clinical effect which is used internationally, it’s necessary to establish a unified quality and safety control standards at international level. The current literature showed that there are many aliases of Sinomenii Caulis, and the problem of its variety confusion and adulteration is serious. Sinomenine-based alkaloids were the main pharmacological active components of Sinomenii Caulis. By analyzing the pharmacopoeias of China, Japan, South Korea and Europe, it was found that both Chinese and European Pharmacopoeias take sinomenine as the quality control indicator of Sinomenii Caulis. The Japanese and South Korean pharmacopoeias had similar quality control requirements of Sinomenii Caulis, and the South Korean pharmacopoeia pays more attention on safety requirements. Thus, it is suggested that setting ISO standards of Sinomenii Caulis requires the collection of global trade data and samples of Sinomenii Caulis for future quality and safety research.

Objective To evaluate the application of adding ondansetron in morphine intravenous analgesia pump for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)in women. Methods Data of surgical female inpatients who received general anesthesia and postoperative intravenous analgesia with morphine in our center from January 1st,2013 to December 31st,2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on whether ondansetron was added,patients were divided into the observation group(n=834) and the control group(n=856). Outcome variables including morphine consumption,visual analogue scale(VAS) score,nausea score,and total times of vomiting within 48 hours after surgery were collected and compared. Results Age(t=0.432,P=0.665),morphine consumption during the first post-operative day(t=0.599,P=0.548) and during the second post-operative day(t=0.236,P=0.813),maximum VAS score of postoperative pain during movement during the first post-operative day [3(2,4) vs. 3(2,5);Z=1.850,P=0.064] and at rest during the second post-operative day [0(0,1) vs. 0(0,1);Z=1.511,P=0.131] were not significantly different between two groups. While the maximum VAS score of postoperative pain at rest during the first post-operative day [0(0,2) vs.0(0,2);Z=2.435,P=0.015] and during movement during the second post-operative day [3(1,3)vs.3(2,4);Z=3.445,P=0.001] were significantly different between two groups. The maximum score of postoperative nausea(χ=9.810,P=0.020) and cumulative frequency of postoperative vomiting(Z=3.726,P=0.002)in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group during the first post-operative day;however,there was no significant difference during the second post-operative day(χ=5.017,P=0.170;Z=0.000,P=1.000). Logistic regression analysis showed that adding ondansetron in morphine intravenous analgesia pump was an independent influencing factor of reduced postoperative nausea. The probability of nausea during the first post-operative day was 0.781 time(P=0.015)of that in the control group and 0.736 time(P=0.030)during the second post-operative day. Conclusion Adding ondansetron in morphine intravenous analgesia pump may reduce PONV in women.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the characteristics of autophagy in fibrotic and postoperative remnant liver.

METHODSMale Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group; fibrosis group, which received the solution of CCl4 in oil twice a week for 5 weeks; and hepatectomy group, which underwent 70% hepatectomy. Liver tissues and plasma were harvested 18 hours after the surgery. The rats' general conditions and plasma liver function were observed. Histopathological characteristics and regeneration were observed with microscope and transmission electron microscope. Qualitative analysis of autophagosome was made base on the data from transmission electron microscope.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, plasma total protein and albumin level significantly decreased in the fibrosis group (P < 0.01). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index was 85%-95% in the fibrosis group. Plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels significantly increased in the hepatectomy group compared with the control group (P < 0.01), while the autophagical index significantly decreased in both the fibrosis group and hepatectomy group compared with the control group (-95%, P < 0.01; -19%, P < 0.05, respectively). PCNA index was 20%-30% in the hepatectomy group.

CONCLUSIONSAutophagy is weakened after fibrosis and hepatectomy, although it differs between these two processes. Proper regulation of autophagy may help facilitate the recovery of the residual liver function after hepatectomy.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Autophagy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Liver Cirrhosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo explore and identify the non-coding RNAs related to tumors.

METHODSWe used RT-PCR and Northern blot to analyze non-coding RNAs in tumor tissues and cell lines.

RESULTSTwo predicted non-coding RNAs were confirmed to be expressed in cancer tissues and cell lines by RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. We detected the expression of two non-coding RNA transcripts by Northern blot. The length of NC28 was about 1800 nt, and that of NC119 was about 1200nt.

CONCLUSIONSNC28 and NC119 have a tumor-associated expression pattern. The non-coding RNAs may play a role in the development of tumors.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated ; biosynthesis