OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of eleutheroside B （ELB） on Parkinson’s disease （PD） model mice by regulating the IκB kinase β （IKKβ）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. METHODS Fifty mice were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， positive control group （selegiline hydrochloride， 10 mg/kg）， and ELB low-dose and high-dose groups （80， 160 mg/kg）， with 10 mice in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine or normal saline intragastrically for 14 consecutive days. Starting from the 10th day of administration， the model group and all administration groups were intraperitoneally injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1，2，3，6-tetrahydropyridine （MPTP） 30 mg/kg， for five consecutive days to establish the chronic PD model. After the last administration for 24 h， six mice were randomly selected from each group to test their behavioral abilities； detect the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-10， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in brain tissue and their mRNA expressions were measured， and positive expression of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH）， protein expressions of TH， α -synuclein （ α -syn）， ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 （Iba-1）， as well as phosphorylation levels of IKKβ and NF-κB p65 proteins in the brain tissue were detected. The ultrastructure of neurons in substantia nigra was observed. RESULTS Compared with the model group， rotarod endurance time and climbing score of each administration group （except for the ELB low-dose group） were increased significantly （ P ＜0.05）， while the levels and mRNA expressions of IL-1β， TNF-α， α -syn， and Iba-1， as well as phosphorylation levels of IKKβ and NF-κB p65 proteins in brain tissue were decreased significantly （except for TNF-α in the ELB low-dose group）. Conversely， the level and mRNA expression of IL-10 （except for the ELB low-dose group）， TH positive expression and protein expressions were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. Typical neurodegenerative pathological changes， such as neuronal karyopyknosis， mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization， and endoplasmic reticulum dilation， all showed varying degrees of improvement. CONCLUSIONS ELB may exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the activation of the IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway， alleviating inflammatory responses， reducing abnormal α -syn aggregation and neuronal loss， and further improving motor dysfunction in PD mice.

Objective:To compare the mydriatic effects of a combination of 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine with a 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine combination in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted.Ninety Chinese patients (90 eyes) with dark irises and type 2 diabetes who needed mydriasis examination at the Fundus Disease Clinic of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from June to September 2024 were included.The subjects were divided into control group (30 patients 30 eyes), high concentration group (30 patients 30 eyes) and half-dilution group (30 patients 30 eyes) using the random number table method, which received 2 drops of a mixture of 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine, 2 drops of a mixture of 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine, 1 drop of a mixture of 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine+ 1 drop of saline respectively.The pupil diameter of the patients was measured with a pupillometer 40 minutes before and after instillation.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (No.2024KY-16).Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.Results:The proportions of patients whose pupil diameters reached 7 mm 40 minutes after the initial administration in the control group, high-concentration group, and half-dilution group were 56.7%(17/30), 86.7%(26/30) and 66.7%(20/30), respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( χ2=6.667, P=0.036).The proportion of patients in the high-concentration group whose pupil diameter reached 7 mm 40 minutes after the initial administration was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05).The pupil diameters 40 minutes after the initial administration in the control group, the high-concentration group and the half-dilution group were (7.01±0.86), (7.64±0.61) and (7.49±1.15)mm, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=4.019, P=0.021), and the pupil diameter of the high-concentration group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P=0.024).Changes in pupil diameter 40 minutes after the initial administration in the control group, high-concentration group and half-dilution group were (3.23±0.81), (3.82±0.60) and (3.62±0.75)mm, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=5.121, P=0.008), and the change in pupil diameter in the high-concentration group was higher than that in the control group ( P=0.007). Conclusions:The combination of 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine has better pupil dilation than the combination of 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine.It is recommended that pupil dilation be performed with a high-concentration mydriatic drug prior to outpatient fundus examination for diabetic patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of curcumin on blood glucose levels in pregnant women at high risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM).Methods:One hundred and twenty-four pregnant women with high-risk factors for GDM were included in a cross-sectional study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.After undergoing an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test,participants were divided into the GDM group(n=61)and the non-GDM group(n=63).Subsequently,a randomized controlled trial was performed to compare Fasting Plasma Glucose(FPG)levels between the control group(n=8)and the intervention group(n=8).Results:The cross-sectional study revealed that the GDM group had significantly higher rates of pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2,early pregnancy HbA1c≥5.7％,impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance,and lack of exercise compared to the non-GDM group(P＜0.05).FPG levels in the GDM group were significantly higher than those in the non-GDM group at all stages of pregnancy.Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the impact of high-risk factors on FPG gradually diminished as pregnancy progressed.In the randomized controlled experiment,all cases in the control group developed GDM;one case in the curcumin intervention group did not,whose intervention time was the earliest and longest.Pearson correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between the duration of curcumin intervention and changes in FPG values,although the correlation was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).By the descriptive statistical analysis,within-group comparisons showed no significant differences in the median and percentiles of FPG values between the control group in late pregnancy and early pregnancy.However,the median and percentiles of FPG values were significantly lower post-intervention compared to curcumin pre-intervention.Between-group comparisons revealed that the mean FPG in the curcumin intervention group decreased significantly more than in the control group.These results suggested that curcumin might have a potential impact on FPG.No significant differences were observed in neonatal outcomes between the curcumin intervention and control groups.Conclusions:Pregnant women with high risk factors for GDM should be paid enough attention in clinical practice.All these results have demonstrated that curcumin has a positive regulatory effect on FPG in patients with GDM,which may provide a new adjunctive method for the treatment of GDM.

The active ingredient of WINREVAIR,sotatercept-csrk,is a recombinant activin receptor ⅡA-Fc(ActRⅡA-Fc)fusion protein that improves pro-proliferation(ActRⅡA/Smad2/3-mediated)and anti-proliferation(BMPRⅡ/Smad 1/5/8-mediated)signals,thereby regulating vascular proliferation.In March 2024,WINREVAIR was approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)in adults.Clinical studies have shown that WINREVAIR can improve exercise capacity and reduce the incidence of all-cause death or clinical worsening of PAH by 84％.Common adverse drugreactions include headache,epistaxis,rash,etc.

Objective:To compare the mydriatic effects of a combination of 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine with a 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine combination in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted.Ninety Chinese patients (90 eyes) with dark irises and type 2 diabetes who needed mydriasis examination at the Fundus Disease Clinic of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from June to September 2024 were included.The subjects were divided into control group (30 patients 30 eyes), high concentration group (30 patients 30 eyes) and half-dilution group (30 patients 30 eyes) using the random number table method, which received 2 drops of a mixture of 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine, 2 drops of a mixture of 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine, 1 drop of a mixture of 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine+ 1 drop of saline respectively.The pupil diameter of the patients was measured with a pupillometer 40 minutes before and after instillation.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (No.2024KY-16).Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.Results:The proportions of patients whose pupil diameters reached 7 mm 40 minutes after the initial administration in the control group, high-concentration group, and half-dilution group were 56.7%(17/30), 86.7%(26/30) and 66.7%(20/30), respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( χ2=6.667, P=0.036).The proportion of patients in the high-concentration group whose pupil diameter reached 7 mm 40 minutes after the initial administration was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05).The pupil diameters 40 minutes after the initial administration in the control group, the high-concentration group and the half-dilution group were (7.01±0.86), (7.64±0.61) and (7.49±1.15)mm, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=4.019, P=0.021), and the pupil diameter of the high-concentration group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P=0.024).Changes in pupil diameter 40 minutes after the initial administration in the control group, high-concentration group and half-dilution group were (3.23±0.81), (3.82±0.60) and (3.62±0.75)mm, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=5.121, P=0.008), and the change in pupil diameter in the high-concentration group was higher than that in the control group ( P=0.007). Conclusions:The combination of 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine has better pupil dilation than the combination of 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine.It is recommended that pupil dilation be performed with a high-concentration mydriatic drug prior to outpatient fundus examination for diabetic patients.

Objective:To investigate the ability to diagnose, treat and manage kidney disease in Shanghai community health service centers.Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey. An online questionnaire survey was conducted in November 2023 among 248 Shanghai community health service centers and 2 140 general practitioners in Shanghai. The main topics of the institutional research were the kidney disease-related inspection items that medical institutions could carry out, the kidney disease diagnosis and treatment drugs, the kidney disease grass-roots management training, the opening of kidney disease clinics and the establishment of kidney disease standard diagnosis and treatment records. The main topics of the survey of general practitioners were general information, standardized diagnosis and management measures of kidney disease, knowledge based on the diagnosis and treatment guidelines of chronic kidney disease, and difficulties in standardized management of kidney disease.Results:Among the laboratory examination items in Shanghai community health service centers, the rates of routine urine (99.60%, 247 centers), renal function (95.16%, 236 centers) and urinary microalbumin (89.11%, 229 centers) were high. Among the imaging examinations, B-ultrasound of urinary system had the highest rate (92.34%, 229 centers). The preparation rate of kidney disease drugs varied widely among the centers, and the preparation rate of Chinese drugs such as Jinshuibao, nephritis Kangfu tablet and Shenshuaining was more than 90%. Sixty-six (26.61%) community health service centers had established kidney disease clinics. The overall accuracy rate of community general practitioners was 63.81% (13 656/21 400), of which the accuracy rate for diagnosis and screening method, referral indication and emergency dialysis indication was more than 85%, but the accuracy rate for drug treatment and careful medication was low at 28.93% (1 238/4 280) and 33.22% (711/2 140), respectively. There was a willingness for Community general practitioners to provide all aspects of life guidance for patients with kidney disease, but for patients with end-stage renal disease replacement therapy, there was a preference for this to be provided by the appropriate specialist.Conclusions:The community health service centers in Shanghai has already had the basic conditions for the management of kidney disease in terms of basic examination and testing equipment, drugs, etc. The community general practitioners have a certain knowledge of kidney disease, and the drug treatment needs to be strengthened.

Objective To develop a multifunctional vision examination device for confined cabin environments to meet the requirements for detecting and collecting visual function parameters in military training and scientific research.Methods A multifunctional vision examination device was designed with a segmented mode and composed of an exmaination terminal and a control terminal.The examination terminal was composed of a sealed box,a high-definition display,an isolation baffle and a rubber eye mask.The sealed box had a fully closed structure,and the space design in the box was carried out in the form of integrating sphere;the high-definition display had a floating structure not rigidly connected with the surrounding components,and adopted a non-standard screen as the main display;the edges of the isolation baffle were sealed,and a spring washer for mechanical positioning was placed between the baffle and the sealed box.The control terminal software was programmed with C language,and there were several funcational modules involved in the software part for basic information management,function testing and summary report.Results Trials in the low-pressure chamber showed the device developed could be used for testing near vision,stereoscopic vision,contrast sensitivity,rapid dark adaptation and dark vision under the simulated altitude of 5 000 m when the examinee wore an oxygen mask,with remote operation enabled during the testing.Conclusion The multifunctional vision examination device gains advantages in light weight,high portability and compatibility with confined cabin environments,and meets the requirements for visual function testing in military training and scientific research.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(5):21-26]

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Aim To investigate the effect of Rtv(a P-gp inhibitor and inducer)on the pharmacokinetics of Y101(P-gp substrate)via P-gp.Methods In short-term studies,rats received a single dose of Rtv,where-as in long-term studies they received continuous dosing for seven days.Following this treatment,Y101 was o-rally administered to analyze its blood concentration in rats.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Rtv af-fected Y101 pharmacokinetics was investigated through the everted gut sac model(in vitro),cellular uptake studies,and so on.Results Short-term administra-tion of Rtv significantly increased Y101's AUC,liver-to-plasma partition coefficient,the everted gut sac model(in vitro),and cellular accumulation.Although long-term Rtv treatment had no effect on Y101 pharma-cokinetics or hepatic distribution,it markedly reduced Y101 cellular accumulation in Caco-2 cells,concomi-tant with an upregulation of P-gp expression.Conclu-sions Short-term Rtv administration acts as a compet-itive P-gp inhibitor,enhancing Y101 intestinal absorp-tion and hepatic distribution.In contrast,the plasma pharmacokinetics and hepatic distribution of Y101 are not altered after long-term administration of Rtv,po-tentially attributable to Rtv's dual modulatory effects on P-gp involving both induction and inhibition.Hence,the potential Rtv and Y101 interaction should be close-ly monitored in the clinic.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of perineal massage during pregnancy, when combined with Kegel exercises, on preventing perineal injury, and to provide a basis for offering safer and more effective delivery intervention measures for expectant mothers.Methods:Randomized controlled trials on perineal massage combined with Kegel exercises for preventing perineal injury were retrieved from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, CBM database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, from their inception to December 28, 2024. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:A total of 15 articles were included, involving 2 393 research subjects. The results of the Meta-analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the first stage of labor ( MD = - 1.63, 95% CI - 1.93 - - 1.30, P<0.001), the second stage of labor ( MD = - 32.58, 95% CI - 42.26 - - 22.90, P<0.01), and the third stage of labor time ( MD = - 3.41, 95% CI - 9.91 - - 2.91, P<0.001); the degree of perineal laceration Ⅱ ( OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.28 - 0.58, P<0.001), Ⅲ( OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.24 - 0.60, P<0.001), and Ⅳ( OR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.03 - 0.51, P = 0.003); the rate of perineal incision ( OR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.34, P<0.001), the rate of perineal laceration ( OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.25 - 0.46, P<0.001), the rate of intact perineum ( OR = 6.30, 95% CI 3.20 - 12.40, P<0.001), and the amount of perineal bleeding ( MD = - 29.72, 95% CI - 43.51 - - 15.93, P<0.001), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions:Prenatal perineal massage combined with Kegel exercises is a safe, effective and easily implementable intervention method. It is highly effective in preventing perineal injuries and shortening the duration of labor. It not only reduces the risk of postpartum complications but also helps to optimize the delivery experience. Therefore, this combined intervention method can be regarded as one of the important measures for preventing perineal injuries and should be widely promoted in clinical practice.