Objective To understand the respiratory protection competency of staff in hospitals.Methods Staff from six hospitals of different levels and characteristics in Beijing were selected,including doctors,nurses,medical technicians,and servicers,to conduct knowledge assessment on respiratory protection competency.According to exposure risks of respiratory infectious diseases,based on actual cases and daily work scenarios,content of respira-tory protection competency assessment was designed from three aspects:identification of respiratory infectious di-seases,transmission routes and corresponding protection requirements,as well as correct selection and use of masks.The assessment included 6,6,and 8 knowledge points respectively,with 20 knowledge points in total,all of which were choice questions.For multiple-choice questions,full marks,partial marks,and no mark were given respective-ly if all options were correct,partial options were correct and without incorrect options,and partial options were correct but with incorrect options.Difficulty and discrimination analyses on question of each knowledge point was conducted based on classical test theory.Results The respiratory protection competency knowledge assessment for 326 staff members at different risk levels in 6 hospitals showed that concerning the 20 knowledge points,more than 60％participants got full marks for 6 points,while the proportion of full marks for other questions was relatively low.Less than 10％participants got full marks for the following 5 knowledge points:types of airborne diseases,types of droplet-borne diseases,conventional measures for the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infec-tion with respiratory infectious diseases,indications for wearing respirators,and indications for wearing medical protective masks.Among the 20 knowledge questions,5,1,and 14 questions were relatively easy,medium,and difficult,respectively;6,1,4,and 9 questions were with discrimination levels of ≥0.4,0.30-0.39,0.20-0.29,and ≤0.19,respectively.Conclusion There is still much room for hospital staff to improve their respiratory protection competency,especially in the recognition of diseases with different transmission routes and the indications for wearing different types of masks.

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

This study aims to explore the anti-depression mechanism of Zuojin Pills based on the plasma constituents, network pharmacology, and experimental verification. UHPLC-TOF-MS was used for qualitative analysis of Zuojin Pills-containing serum. Targets of the plasma constituents and the disease were retrieved from PharmMapper and GeneCards. Then the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed and core targets were screened for GO term enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment. Cytoscape 3.7.2 was employed construct the "compound-target-pathway" network and the targets and signaling pathways of Zuojin Pills against depression were predicted. CUMS-induced depression mouse model was established to verify the key targets. The results showed that a total of 21 constituents migrating to blood of Zuojin Pills were identified, which were mainly alkaloids. A total of 155 common targets of the constituents and the disease and 67 core targets were screened out. KEGG enrichment and PPI network analysis showed that Zuojin Pills may play a role in the treatment of depression through AMPK/SIRT1, NLRP3, insulin and other targets and pathways. Furthermore, the results of animal experiments showed that Zuojin Pills could significantly improve the depression behaviors of depression, reduce the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in hippocampus and serum, activate AMPK/SIRT1 signaling, and reduce the protein expression of NLRP3. In conclusion, Zuojin Pills may play a role in the treatment of depression by activating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway, and inhibiting NLRP3 activation and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of mice.
Animals ; Mice ; Network Pharmacology ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ; Sirtuin 1 ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Molecular Docking Simulation

Spinal cord injury is a severe central nervous system disease, which will cause a series of complex pathophysiological changes and activate a variety of signaling pathways including Notch signaling. Studies have evidenced that activation of the Notch signaling pathway is not conducive to nerve repair and symptom improvement after spinal cord injury. Its mechanisms include inhibiting neuronal differentiation and axon regeneration, promoting reactive astrocyte proliferation, promoting M1 macrophage polarization and the release of proinflammatory factors, and inhibiting angiogenesis. Therefore, it has become a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit Notch signal as a target in the treatment of spinal cord injury. In recent years, some researchers have used drugs, cell transplantation or genetic modification to regulate Notch signaling, which can promote the recovery of nerve function after spinal cord injury, thereby providing new treatment strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injury. This article will summarize the mechanism of Notch signaling pathway in spinal cord injury, and at the same time review the research progress in the treatment of spinal cord injury by modulating Notch signaling pathway in recent years, so as to provide new research ideas for further exploring new strategies for spinal cord injury.
Axons/metabolism* ; Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Nerve Regeneration ; Signal Transduction/genetics* ; Spinal Cord/metabolism* ; Spinal Cord Injuries/metabolism*

Objective To establish a detection method for common new psychoactive substances of synthetic cannabinoids in hair with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. Methods In the 1 mL of internal standard methanol solution, 20 mg hair was added. After cryogenic grinding and ultrasonic extraction, the extract was separated by ACQUITY UPLC HSS T₃ column （100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm）. The mobile phase A was aqueous solution that composed of 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid, and 5% acetonitrile. The mobile phase B was acetonitrile. Electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was used for data acquisition in multi-reaction monitoring （MRM） mode. Results The seven common new psychoactive substances of synthetic cannabinoids in hair had a good linear relationship within their respective linear ranges （r>0.99）, the limits of detection were 0.5-2 pg/mg, the limits of quantification were 1-5 pg/mg, the intra-day and inter-day precisions were 0.1%-12.6%, the intra-day and inter-day accuracies were 89.2%-110.7%, the recovery rates were 52.3%-93.3%, and the matrix effects were 19.1%-95.2%. Conclusion The established method has a simple sample preparation process and high sensitivity. It is suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of common new psychoactive substances of synthetic cannabinoids in hair.
Cannabinoids ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Hair ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To establish of a close loop blood information system forreal time monitoring in the entire process of clinical blood transfusion.Methods In accordance with files and laws in clinical blood transfusion and combining the work in blood transfusion department with the actual needs of clinical blood transfusion,the blood transfusion department in Shaanxi Provinical People's Hospital developed the close-loop blood information system with Skynet Software Co.Ltd.Results The close-loop blood information system was achieved informational management patternthat was detailed information from blood products arrival to departure and whole process of evaluation transfusion effect.The link of Hospital Information Manage System (HIS),Laboratory Information System (LIS) and blood information system was completed with the system.The system realized real-time and accurate data collection and monitoring.The system achieved a closed-loop management of the entire process of clinical blood transfusion.Conclusion By using theclose loop blood information system,the quality of medical services can be improved,the work productivity can be increased,and the clinical blood transfusion can be rationalized.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in regulating the expression of MUC5AC and mucus production in a mouse model of toluene diisocyanate (TDI)?induced asthma.

METHODSBALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, vehicle (AOO) group, TDI?induced asthma group and RAGE inhibitor (FPS?ZM1) group. PAS staining, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the changes in mucus production and MUC5AC expression in the airway of the mice, and the expression of p?ERK was detected with Western blotting. In vitro cultured human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE was transfected with lentiviral vector carrying short hairpin RNA targeting RAGE (shRNA?RAGE) and subsequently challenged with a TDI?human serum albumin (TDI-HSA) conjugate, and the changes in cellular MUC5AC mRNA expression as detected using RT-PCR; the protein expressions of ERK and p?ERK in the cells were examined with Western blotting. The effect of ERK inhibitor U0126 pretreatment on MUC5AC mRNA expression was also analyzed in the cells.

RESULTSCompared with the control mice, TDI-induced asthmatic mice showed significantly higher rates of PAS positivity and increased MUC5AC and p?ERK expressions in the airway (P<0.05). Treatment with FPS?ZM1 significantly decreased PAS positivity and lowered MUC5AC and p?ERK expressions in the airway of the asthmatic mice (P<0.05). Exposure of 16HBE cells to TDI?HSA caused a significant increase in MUC5AC mRNA expression and p?ERK protein expression (P<0.05), while RAGE knockdown obviously suppressed TDI?HSA-induced upregulation of p-ERK and MUC5AC mRNA (P<0.05). Treatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 also lowered TDI?HSA?induced up?regulation of MUC5AC mRNA in the cells (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONRAGE signaling induces MUC5AC expression via extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway to promote mucus overproduction in mice with TDI-induced asthma.