ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the dynamic changes in general body parameters, blood glucose, and blood lipid profiles in obese cynomolgus monkeys, exploring the correlations among these parameters and providing a reference for research on the obese cynomolgus monkey model. Methods30 normal male cynomolgus monkeys aged 5 - 17 years old (with body mass index < 35 kg/m² and glycated hemoglobin content < 4.50%) and 99 spontaneously obese male cynomolgus monkeys (with body mass index ≥35 kg/m² and glycated hemoglobin content < 4.50%) were selected. Over a period of three years, their abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, body weight, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and four blood lipid indicators were monitored. The correlations between each indicator were analyzed using repeated measurement ANOVA, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression correlation analysis method. Results Compared to the control group, the obese group exhibited significantly higher levels of abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, body weight, body mass index, and triglyceride (P＜0.05). In the control group, skinfold thickness increased annually, while other indicators remained stable. Compared with the first year, the obese group showed significantly increased abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, body weight, body mass index, triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose in the second year(P＜0.05), with this increasing trend persisting in the third year (P＜0.05). In the control group, the obesity incidence rates in the second and third years were 16.67% and 23.33%, respectively, while the prevalence of diabetes remained at 16.67%. In the obese group, the diabetes incidence rates were 29.29% and 44.44% in years 2 and 3, respectively. Among the 11-13 year age group, the incidence rates were 36.36% and 44.68%, while for the group older than 13 years, the rates were 28.13% and 51.35%. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations (P＜0.05) between fasting blood glucose and age, abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, body weight, and triglyceride in the diabetic monkeys. Conclusion Long-term obesity can lead to the increases in general physical indicators and fasting blood glucose levels in cynomolgus monkeys, and an increase in the incidence of diabetes. In diabetic cynomolgus monkeys caused by obesity, there is a high correlation between their fasting blood glucose and age, weight, abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, and triglyceride levels, which is of some significance for predicting the occurrence of spontaneous diabetes.

The chemical constituents in dried roots of Atractylodes macrocephala were investigated in this study. Through utilizing normal-phase silica gel and ODS column chromatography, TLC, and semi-preparative HPLC, 4 new sesquiterpenoids were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of A. macrocephala. By various spectroscopic techniques, such as 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV, and CD, their structures were identified as atractylmacron A (1), 9β-hydroxyasterolide (2), atractylenolide H (3), atractylenolide J (4). Compound 1 possesses a rare 6/7 bicyclic skeleton.

AIM: To analyze the influencing factors of capsular constriction syndrome(CCS)in cataract patients after phacoemulsification(Phaco)combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.METHODS: Retrospective study. The data of 2 900 cataract patients(2 900 eyes)in our hospital's information system from January 2021 to January 2024 were collected. All patients were treated with Phaco combined with IOL implantation, and the incidence of CCS within 30 wk after surgery was recorded. Patients were categorized into CCS(116 cases, 116 eyes)and N-CCS group(2 784 cases, 2 784 eyes)based on the occurrence of CCS. The basic data of the two groups were compared, and the influencing factors of CCS within 30 wk after Phaco combined with IOL implantation in cataract patients were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.RESULTS: Among 2 900 patients(2 900 eyes)included, 116 cataract patients(116 eyes)developed CCS within 30 wk after Phaco combined with IOL implantation, with an incidence rate of 4.00%. The single factor and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the complicated diabetes, high myopia, complicated glaucoma, and axial length(AL)>30 mm were the risk factors for the occurrence of CCS after Phaco IOL implantation in cataract patients(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Attention should be paid to cataract patients with diabetes, high myopia, glaucoma and AL>30 mm, which will increase the risk of CCS within 30 wk after Phaco combined with IOL implantation in cataract patients.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics of Stevens-Johnson syndrome （SJS） and toxic epidermal necrolysis （TEN） induced by tislelizumab， providing evidence for clinical medication safety. METHODS Case reports of tislelizumab-related SJS/TEN were retrieved from CNKI， VIP， Wanfang Data， PubMed， ScienceDirect， and Embase. Descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS Seventeen cases from 17 publications were included （SJS 4 cases， TEN 13 cases）. Among them， there were 10 males and 7 females. Twelve patients were aged between 70 and 79 years. The predominant tumor type was lung cancer （10 cases）. Thirteen patients received combination therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs. The median onset time of SJS/ TEN was 26 （4， 104） days. Nine patients developed SJS/TEN after the first administration of the drug. Sixteen patients exhibited prodromal rash symptoms， primarily characterized by severe skin damage such as skin detachment， accompanied by mucosal injury. Sixteen patients improved after symptomatic treatment， while one patient died. CONCLUSIONS Tislelizumab-associated SJS/TEN risk is higher in elderly patients， males， those with lung cancer and those receiving combination chemotherapy. Mucosal lesions and atypical rashes may indicate the early onset of SJS/TEN. During clinical use， pharmaceutical care can be carried out through measures such as identifying high-risk populations， closely monitoring skin symptoms from the first administration to the fifth treatment cycle， and enhancing patient education. When relevant symptoms occur， the medication should be promptly discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be administered to ensure the patient’s medication safety.

Melatonin (Mel) has been shown to have cardioprotective effects, but its action on ion channels is unclear. In this experiment, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Mel on late sodium currents (I_Na.L) in mouse ventricular myocytes and the anti-arrhythmic effect at the organ level as well as its mechanism. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was applied to record the ionic currents and action potential (AP) in mouse ventricular myocytes while the electrocardiogram (ECG) and monophasic action potential (MAP) were recorded simultaneously in mouse hearts using a multichannel acquisition and analysis system. The results demonstrated that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of Mel on transient sodium current (I_Na.T) and specific I_Na.L opener 2 nmol·L^-1 sea anemone toxins II (ATX II) increased I_Na.L were 686.615 and 7.37 μmol·L^-1, respectively. Mel did not affect L-type calcium current (I_Ca.L), transient outward current (I_to), and AP. In addition, 16 μmol·L^-1 Mel shortened ATX II-prolonged action potential duration (APD), suppressed ATX II-induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs), and significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts. In conclusion, Mel exerted its antiarrhythmic effects principally by blocking I_Na.L, thus providing a significant theoretical basis for new clinical applications of Mel. Animal welfare and experimental process are in accordance with the regulations of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Wuhan University of Science and Technology (2023130).

Tranexamic acid is widely used in joint orthopedic surgery.At the same time,it has high safety and few adverse drug reactions.It can effectively improve intraoperative bleeding and promote early functional recovery of patients.This article reviews the mode of administration,safe dose,administration time and adverse drug reactions of tranexamic acid in the perioperative period of joint replacement and arthroscopic surgery,in order to provide reference for the clinical application of tranexamic acid.

In this study, the pharmacodynamic substance basis of the therapeutic activity of different origin sources of the Tibetan medicinal herb Zha xun was evaluated, and the protective effect of the Zha xun, from Habahe county of Altay region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Gilgit region, Pakistan; Lhozhag county of Lhozhag city, Tibet Autonomous Region; Lhorong county of Chamdo city, Tibet Autonomous Region; and Jiulong county of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, on 0.2% carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced acute liver injury in ICR mice was evaluated. The results showed that different sources of Zha xun significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the CCl₄-induced acute oxidative liver injury model, improved liver histopathological damage. Among them, Zha xun from Habahe County, Altay Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Gilgit Region, Pakistan; and Lhorong County, Chamdo City, Tibet Autonomous Region significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver tissues (P < 0.05), increased the glutathione (GSH) content (P < 0.01), improved the oxidative stress in liver tissues. The preliminary evaluation of the hepatoprotective activity of Zha xun from different origins was carried out using the model of HepG2 cell injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP). The results showed that Zha xun from different origins could significantly inhibit APAP-induced hepatocellular injury and improve the survival rate of hepatocytes. The present study demonstrated that the different origins of Zha xun had definite hepatoprotective activities in vivo and ex vivo, among which, Zha xun from Lhorong County, Chamdo City, Tibet Autonomous Region, had stronger hepatoprotective activities. The animals used in this experiment and the related dispositions were in accordance with the requirements of animal welfare, and the experiment was approved by the Committee of Laboratory Animal Management and Use of the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval No. 00004024) before the experiment was carried out.

This study using maltodextrin as raw material, 1%-5% polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 as template agent, 1%-5% ammonium bicarbonate as pore-forming agent, curcumin and ibuprofen as model drugs. Porous maltodextrin was prepared by template and pore-forming agent methods, respectively. The structure and drug delivery behavior of porous maltodextrin prepared by different technologies were comprehensively characterized. The results showed that the porous maltodextrin prepared by pore-forming agent method had larger specific surface area (6.449 4 m²·g^-1) and pore size (32.804 2 nm), which was significantly better than that by template agent method (3.670 2 m²·g^-1, 15.278 5 nm). The adsorption kinetics between porous maltodextrin prepared by pore-forming agent method and curcumin were suitable for quasi-first order adsorption kinetic model, and that between porous maltodextrin and ibuprofen were suitable for quasi-second order adsorption kinetic model. While the adsorption kinetics between porous maltodextrin prepared by template agent method and two model drugs were both suitable for the quasi-first order adsorption kinetic model. In addition, the dissolution behavior analysis showed that the porous maltodextrin prepared by the two technologies can significantly improve the dissolution behavior of insoluble drugs, and the drug release was both carried out by diffusion mechanism, which suitable for the Peppas kinetic release model, but the porous maltodextrin prepared by template agent method had a faster release rate. The change of nozzle diameter had no significant effect on the adsorption process and drug release behavior of porous maltodextrin. In conclusion, the porous maltodextrins prepared by two different technologies were both beneficial to the delivery of insoluble drugs, and the template agent method was the best for delivery of insoluble drugs. This study can provide theoretical basis for the preparation of porous particles, promote the application of porous particles in insoluble drugs, and improve the bioavailability of insoluble drugs.

Human physiological indicators have become an important standard for assessing health in modern society.Traditional detection methods often require a separate laboratory,complex operation process and long detection time,so it is urgent to develop portable,fast and accurate on-site detection technologies for bioanalysis.Point-of-care testing(POCT),which differs from traditional laboratory testing,can realize the rapid in situ detection of biomarkers without the complicated analytical process of the laboratory.Smartphones,which are an essential tool in our daily life,not only have independent operating systems and built-in storage functions,but also have high-definition cameras,which have great application potential in POCT visualization.The combination of various biosensing technologies and smartphones has developed into a new direction in the field of POCT.This review mainly introduced the research progress of smartphone-based visual biosensors in POCT in recent years,including colorimetric sensors,fluorescence sensors,chemiluminescence sensors and electrochemiluminescence sensors.Finally,the problems faced by smart-phone-based visual biosensors in the application of POCT were summarized,and their future development was prospected.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Rougan Jianpi therapy combined with Mesalazine enema in the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis (DUC) with Ganyu-Pixu syndrome.Methods:This study is a prospective parallel randomized controlled study. From November 2021 to May 2022, 115 patients with DUC in Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were selected and randomly divided into a control group of 58 patients and a study group of 57 patients. The control group was treated with Mesalazine enema, and the study group was treated with Rougan Jianpi Decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The severity of the disease was evaluated by using the Modified Mayo Scale, and the clinical and endoscopic efficacy was evaluated based on the changes in the score before and after treatment. TCM syndromes were scored from four aspects: abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucopurulent bloody stool, Rectal tenesmus, and anal burning. The quality of life was evaluated by using the IBD Quality of Life Scale (IBDQ). The serum TNF-αand IL-10 level were detected by using ELISA method. The adverse reactions during treatment were observed and recorded.Results:The total effective rate of the study group was 91.23% (52/57), while that of the control group was 79.31% (46/58). The difference between the two groups was no statistically significant ( Z=1.47, P=0.143). The proportion of patients in the study group who achieved clinical response[40.35% (23/57) vs. 51.72% (30/58)] and clinical relief [59.65% (34/57) vs. 43.11% (25/58)] the total proportion were significantly higher than those in the control group [100.00% (57/57) vs. 94.83% (55/58); Z=1.97, P=0.049]. The proportion of patients with endoscopic response [52.63% (30/57) vs. 56.90% (33/58)] and mucosal healing [33.33% (19/57) vs. 17.24% (10/58)] the total proportion in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group [85.96% (49/57) vs. 74.14% (43/58); Z=2.23, P=0.026]. after treatment, the IBDQ score [(194.3±15.1) vs. (172.6±18.4), t=6.90] in the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group. After treatment, the patient's TCM symptom score: mucopurulent bloody stool [(1.7±0.8) vs. (2.0±0.6), t=2.03], rectal tenesmus [(1.5±0.6) vs. (1.8±0.6), t=2.32] and anal burning [(1.3±0.6) vs. (1.6±0.7), t=2.38] in the control group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The level of IL-10 [(53.3±8.0) ng/L vs. (49.0±6.7) ng/L, t=3.10] in the study group after treatment was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.01), and TNF-α [(28.3±7.9)ng/L vs. (36.8±8.1)ng/L, t=3.58] was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.01). There were no significant adverse reactions observed during the treatment in both groups. Conclusion:Method of Rougan Jianpi combined with mesalazine enema can improve the clinical symptoms of DUC patients, improve clinical efficacy, and have good safety.