ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanisms of Shujin Jiannao Formula （舒筋健脑方） for cerebral palsy. MethodsThirty 7-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， and Shujin Jiannao Formula group， with 10 rats in each group. The model group and Shujin Jiannao Formula group established a cerebral palsy model by the classic Rice-Vannucci method. After successful modeling， rats in Shujin Jiannao Formula group were given Shujin Jiannao Formula 16 g/（kg·d） by gavage， while the normal group and model group were given normal saline 10 ml/（kg·d） by gavage once a day. After one week of intervention， the rats' body weight was measured， and Zea-Longa scores， the righting reflex test， and the hindlimb suspension test were conducted for assessment； hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were used to observe pathological changes in brain tissue， and the number of Nissl-positive neurons was counted； enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure levels of inflammatory cytokines in the brain tissue， specifically interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）； immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression levels of neurofilament protein 200 （NF200） and myelin basic protein （MBP） in brain tissue； Western Blot analysis was conducted to determine the protein levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt/PKB/Rac）， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） in brain tissue. ResultsCompared with the normal group， rats in the model group showed significantly higher Zea-Longa scores and lower scores in the hindlimb suspension test （P＜0.01）； pathological findings revealed loose structure in the cerebral cortex， hippocampal atrophy， and neuronal damage in brain tissue. Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α elevated， and the number of Nissl-stained positive neurons in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region reduced， and immunofluorescence intensity of NF200 and MBP， as well as protein expression levels of PI3K and mTOR， significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， rats in Shujin Jiannao Formula group showed decreased Zea-Longa scores and increased hindlimb suspension test scores （P＜0.05）； pathological damage in brain tissue alleviated， levels of IL-1β and TNF-α reduced， the number of Nissl-stained positive neurons in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region increased， and the immunofluorescence intensity of NF200 and MBP， as well as the protein levels of PI3K and mTOR， significantly elevated （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups in body weight， body-turning time， or AKT protein levels in brain tissue （P＞0.05）. ConclusionShujin Jiannao Formula can improve the neurological function of rats with cerebral palsy， exert neurorestorative effects， and its mechanism of action may be related to the reduction of inflammatory response in brain tissue and the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between urinary monohydroxylated metabolites of hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) and lung function, as well as the role of oxidative stress in these associations, so as to provide a scientific basis for air pollution control and policy formulation. Methods: A panel study was carried out among 45 young healthy adults. Four follow up surveys and health examinations were conducted from November 2017 to October 2018 to measure lung function parameters [forced vital capacity (FVC), second forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), FEV1/FVC, and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% vital capacity (FEF 25%~75% )], markers of exposure to 7OHPAHs [∑ 7OH PAHs], and markers of oxidative stress[8 hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine (8 OHdG) and 8 isoprostaglandin F 2α (8 iso PGF 2α )]. The relationship between urinary PAH metabolites and lung function was quantified by linear mixed effects models. Mediation analysis was performed to assess the role of oxidative stress in the relationship between OH PAHs and lung function. Results: The median values of FVC, FEV1, FEVI/FVC, PEF, and FEF 25%-75% were 4.37 L, 3.58 L, 83.00%, 4.38 L/s, and 3.32 L/s, respectively. The results showed that each 1 unit increase in log transformed value of 2 Hydroxyfluorene (2 OHFlu) was associated with a 5.05% decrease ( β %=-5.05%，95% CI =-8.85%--1.09%) in FVC, 4.15% decrease ( β %=-4.15%，95% CI =-7.94%- -0.22% ) in FEV1 and 5.87% decrease ( β %=-5.87%，95% CI =-11.35%--0.05%) in FEF 25%-75% , respectively. Each 1 unit increase in log transformed values of 2 OHFlu and 9 Phenanthrol (9 OHPhe) was associated with a 7.03% decrease ( β %=-7.03%，95% CI =-12.60%--1.11%) and a 7.08% decrease ( β%=-7.08%，95% CI =-13.50%--0.17%) in PEF, respectively. Additionally, urinary ∑ 7OH PAHs had a positive correlation with the levels of urinary 8 OHdG and 8 iso PGF 2α ( r =0.64, 0.69, P <0.01). Meanwhile, the levels of 8 OHdG mediated 17.06% and 15.71% of the association between 2 OHFlu with FVC and FEV1. Conclusion The finding reveales a negative relationship between urinary OH PAHs and lung function among young healthy adults. The 8 OHdG plays a mediated role in the correlation of 2 OHFlu with FVC and FEV1. Active relevant policies are needed to control air pollution and maintain the healthy living conditions of young people.

Objective: To explore the association between urinary metals and lung function among college students, and to provide a theoretical basis for related research on metal exposure and lung function injury. Methods: A total of 45 healthy college students were recruited from North China University of Science and Technology in Caofeidian between 2017-2018. During the four seasons, information was obtained from questionnaires and physical examinations, lung function parameters were assessed, including FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEV1/FVC and FEF 25-75 , and morning urine samples were collected simultaneously. The urinary levels of 15 metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS); a Kruskal Wallis H test was used to compare differences in urinary metals during the four seasons; and a mixed effect model was used to assess correlations between urinary metals and lung function. Results: There were significant differences in the levels of urinary chromium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, antimony and lead from 15 metals over the four seasons ( H =9.79- 20.61 , P <0.05). The differences observed in five lung function parameters over the four seasons were statistically significant ( F =61.72, 45.30, 47.61, 25.47, 35.13, P <0.05). The linear mixed effect model analysis showed that urinary concentrations of vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and antimony were negatively correlated with FEV1( B =0.202, 0.192, 0.181, 0.154, 0.131 , 0.283); urinary concentrations of aluminum, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, cadmium, and antimony were negatively correlated with FVC ( B =0.252, 0.290, 0.292, 0.271, 0.201, 0.180, 0.171, 0.163, 0.381); urinary concentrations of manganese and antimony were negatively correlated with PEF ( B =0.291, 0.354)( P <0.05). Conclusion The increase of multiple metal concentrations among college students was related to lung function decline, the long term metal exposure might lead to lung function damage. So environmental metal pollution should be controlled.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of 3D printed individual model combined with hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）therapy in treating complex ankle fracture，and to evaluate the therapy’s effect on prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of 45 patients with complex ankle fractures treated in the Department of Orthopedics of Penglai People’s Hospital from January 2017 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to different treatment methods，they were divided into 3D model group（ n=21）and combined group（ n=24）. In addition，other 37 complex ankle fracture patients，who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics of Penglai People’s Hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 and had complete clinical data and detailed follow-up records，were selected as control group（conventional group）. The conventional group was given traditional surgery for complex ankle fractures，i.e.，after fracture reduction，the medial malleolus was fixed with steel wire tension band or screws，and the lateral malleolus was fixed with screws and steel plates. In the 3D model group，the strategy and approach of surgical operation were simulated and designed based on 3D printed individual models before operation. The combined group was additionally treated with HBO on the basis of the treatment of the 3D model group. The operation time，hospital length-of-stay，time to first ambulation，clinical fracture healing time，and the intraoperative bleeding loss of the three groups were observed and recorded，so as to compare the therapeutic effects of the three groups. All patients were followed up for one year. The functional recovery of postoperative ankle fracture was evaluated by Olerud-Molander Ankle Score（OMAS）. The incidences of postoperative complications were recorded. Results:The total effective rate of the 3D model group（95.24%）and the combined group（100.00%）were significantly higher than that of the conventional group（72.97%）（ P<0.05）. Regarding the operation time，hospital length-of-stay，time to first ambulation，clinical fracture healing time，and intraoperative bleeding loss，the results of the 3D model group and the combined group were significantly shorter or lower than those of the conventional group（ P<0.05）；the time to first ambulation and clinical fracture healing time of the combined group were significantly shorter than those of the control group（ P<0.05）；there was no statistically significant difference in the operation time，hospital length-of-stay，and intraoperative bleeding loss between the 3D model group and the combined group（ P>0.05）. All patients were followed up with a follow-up rate of 100.0%. The OMAS outcomes of the 3D model group and the combined group at the 1st，3rd，6th，and 12th month after operation were significantly higher than those of the conventional group at the same time points（ P<0.05），and the OMAS outcomes of the combined group at the 1st，3rd，6th，and 12th month after operation were significantly higher than those of 3D model group at the same time points（ P<0.05）. The incidence of postoperative complications was 16.22% in the conventional group，the incidence of deep venous thrombosis（DVT）was 4.8% in the 3D model group，and no complication was found in the combined group. Conclusion:The 3D printed individual model combined with HBO therapy has sound clinical efficacy and prognosis in treating complex ankle fracture. It can shorten the clinical fracture healing time and facilitate the rapid recovery of ankle function，therefore，it should be widely promoted in clinical practices.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of 3D printed individual model combined with hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）therapy in treating complex ankle fracture，and to evaluate the therapy’s effect on prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of 45 patients with complex ankle fractures treated in the Department of Orthopedics of Penglai People’s Hospital from January 2017 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to different treatment methods，they were divided into 3D model group（ n=21）and combined group（ n=24）. In addition，other 37 complex ankle fracture patients，who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics of Penglai People’s Hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 and had complete clinical data and detailed follow-up records，were selected as control group（conventional group）. The conventional group was given traditional surgery for complex ankle fractures，i.e.，after fracture reduction，the medial malleolus was fixed with steel wire tension band or screws，and the lateral malleolus was fixed with screws and steel plates. In the 3D model group，the strategy and approach of surgical operation were simulated and designed based on 3D printed individual models before operation. The combined group was additionally treated with HBO on the basis of the treatment of the 3D model group. The operation time，hospital length-of-stay，time to first ambulation，clinical fracture healing time，and the intraoperative bleeding loss of the three groups were observed and recorded，so as to compare the therapeutic effects of the three groups. All patients were followed up for one year. The functional recovery of postoperative ankle fracture was evaluated by Olerud-Molander Ankle Score（OMAS）. The incidences of postoperative complications were recorded. Results:The total effective rate of the 3D model group（95.24%）and the combined group（100.00%）were significantly higher than that of the conventional group（72.97%）（ P<0.05）. Regarding the operation time，hospital length-of-stay，time to first ambulation，clinical fracture healing time，and intraoperative bleeding loss，the results of the 3D model group and the combined group were significantly shorter or lower than those of the conventional group（ P<0.05）；the time to first ambulation and clinical fracture healing time of the combined group were significantly shorter than those of the control group（ P<0.05）；there was no statistically significant difference in the operation time，hospital length-of-stay，and intraoperative bleeding loss between the 3D model group and the combined group（ P>0.05）. All patients were followed up with a follow-up rate of 100.0%. The OMAS outcomes of the 3D model group and the combined group at the 1st，3rd，6th，and 12th month after operation were significantly higher than those of the conventional group at the same time points（ P<0.05），and the OMAS outcomes of the combined group at the 1st，3rd，6th，and 12th month after operation were significantly higher than those of 3D model group at the same time points（ P<0.05）. The incidence of postoperative complications was 16.22% in the conventional group，the incidence of deep venous thrombosis（DVT）was 4.8% in the 3D model group，and no complication was found in the combined group. Conclusion:The 3D printed individual model combined with HBO therapy has sound clinical efficacy and prognosis in treating complex ankle fracture. It can shorten the clinical fracture healing time and facilitate the rapid recovery of ankle function，therefore，it should be widely promoted in clinical practices.

免疫检查点通过双信号机制调控肿瘤微环境中最主要的免疫细胞——T淋巴细胞的免疫应答活性而发挥作用。这些 分子主要分为两类，一类是免疫球蛋白（immune globulin, Ig）超家族，另一类是肿瘤坏死因子（tumor necrosis factor，TNF）配体/受 体对。随着研究的深入，新的免疫检查点靶点不断涌现，其中，CD40、CD27、 4-1BB、OX40及VISTA等在实体瘤治疗中具有良好 前景。负向免疫检查点(negative checkpoint regulators, NCRs)也逐渐受到重视，更多新兴免疫检查点分子正在临床试验阶段， 低 反应率及耐药性是新靶点研究的瓶颈。本文就免疫检查点靶点的特点、部分研究中的免疫检查点新靶点、新兴免疫检查点靶点 研究前景与挑战等热点问题作一综述。

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety between spleen total resection splenectomy and spleen partial splenectomy in the treatment of patients with traumatic spleen rupture.Methods:84 cases of patients with traumatic spleen rupture from March 2013 to March 2016 were selected and divided into two groups.42 cases in the spleen total resection group were treated with spleen total resection,while the other 42 cases in the spleen partial nephrectomy group were treated with spleen partial splenectomy.The operative effect,the levels of platelet count,serum IgA,IgG,IgM,CD3 +,CD4 +,CD8 +,CD4 + / CD8 + levels before and after treatment,the incidence of complications were compared between two groups.Results:The intraoperative blood loss,exhaust time,length of hospital stay of spleen partial nephrectomy group were shorter than those of the spleen total resection group,but the operation time of research group was longer than that of the spleen total resection group (P＜0.05).The platelet count,CD8+ of spleen partial nephrectomy group were lower than those of the spleen total resection group (P＜0.05).The IgA,IgG,IgM,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ of spleen partial nephrectomy group were significantly higher than those of the spleen total resection group (P＜0.05).The incidence rate of complications in the spleen partial nephrectomy group was lower than that of the spleen total resection group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Spleen partial splenectomy was more effective than spleen total resection in the treatment of traumatic splenic rupture,which had little effect on the platelet and immune function.

Objective To establish a tree shrew mode of breast tumor.Method Forty-five 3 to 4 month-old female tree shrews were orally gavaged with 20 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) or peanut oil per animal for three times.Following that, fifteen DMBA administrated tree shrews were implanted 90 day-release medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA) pellets.The tree shrews were palpated once weekly to detect mammary tumors for 45 weeks after first DMBA administration.Results DMBA were able to induce breast tumors (12.5%) in tree shrews, and MPA increased the tumor incidence (50%) while no breast tumors were observed in the control group.Three induced breast tumors were intraductal papillary carcinomas and one was IDC by H&E stain.Conclusion All induced tumors are similar with spontaneous tumors in structure and molecular markers.

The tapeworm Taenia solium is an important human zoonotic parasite that causes great economic loss and also endangers public health. At present, an effective vaccine that will prevent infection and chemotherapy without any side effect remains to be developed. In this study, codon usage patterns in the T. solium genome were examined through 8,484 protein-coding genes. Neutrality analysis showed that T. solium had a narrow GC distribution, and a significant correlation was observed between GC12 and GC3. Examination of an NC (ENC vs GC3s)-plot showed a few genes on or close to the expected curve, but the majority of points with low-ENC (the effective number of codons) values were detected below the expected curve, suggesting that mutational bias plays a major role in shaping codon usage. The Parity Rule 2 plot (PR2) analysis showed that GC and AT were not used proportionally. We also identified 26 optimal codons in the T. solium genome, all of which ended with either a G or C residue. These optimal codons in the T. solium genome are likely consistent with tRNAs that are highly expressed in the cell, suggesting that mutational and translational selection forces are probably driving factors of codon usage bias in the T. solium genome.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Codon/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Helminth ; Helminth Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Taenia solium/*genetics

Objective To compare the clinical effects in patients treated with anterograde reamed intramedullary nail (IMN) and dynamic compression plate (DCP) for diaphyseal fractures of the humerus.Methods Forty-seven patients with diaphyseal fractures of the humerus,were divided into two groups by random digits table:IMN group (23 cases) and DCP group (24 cases),IMN and DCP were performed fixation,respectively.After the surgery,perioperative,functional outcomes of shoulder and elbow,postoperative complications between two groups were compared.Results The average follow-up time was (22.3 ± 5.7)months,3 cases were lost in 12-month-follow-up,1 case in IMN group and 2 cases in DCP group.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss in IMN group were significantly shorter than those in DCP group [(67.7 ± 15.3) min vs.(87.0 ± 12.5) min,(106.3 ±57.6) ml vs.(226.7 ±60.2) ml,P＜0.05].The incidence rate of subacromial impingement in IMN group was significantly higher than that in DCP group [18.2％ (4/22) vs.0,P ＜ 0.05].The incidence rate of wound infection in IMN group was significantly better than that in DCP group [4.5％(1/22) vs.22.7％(5/22),P ＜ 0.05].There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in other indexes (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions DCP has some advantage in perioperative period,but they are comparable in the functional outcomes of shoulder and elbow and complications.