Objective To investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.on fecal bile acid profiles in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice.Methods Twenty-four 6-week-old C57 BL/6 male mice were divided randomly into normal,model,drug-administration,and metformin groups.Mice in the normal group were fed a regular diet and mice in the other three groups were given high-fat diets.The drug-administration group was gavaged with 10 mL/kg ethanol extract of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.daily,and the metformin group was gavaged with 10 mL/kg metformin daily.After 10 weeks,livers were collected to measure hepatic total triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-C.Feces were collected and analyzed.Results Body weight(P＜0.0001),liver TG(P＜0.05),and TC(P＞0.05)were all significantly higher in model mice compared with normal mice,while LDL-C(P＞0.05)and HDL-C(P＜0.001)were significantly lower,indicating abnormal weight gain and lipid metabolism.Alcoholic extract of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.significantly reduced body weight(P＜0.0001),liver TG(P＜0.0001),serum TG(P＜0.05),TC(P＜0.01),and LDL-C(P＜0.05)in mice.Methodsological validation showed that the current method could accurately quantify 52 bile acids in feces.Analysis of the concentration of each type of bile acid revealed that alcoholic extract of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.significantly increased the secondary/primary bile acid ratio(P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the bile acid metabolic pattern was significantly altered in all groups.Eight differential bile acids were screened in the drug-administration group relative to the model group using variable importance of projection＞1 and P＜0.05.A search of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database revealed that the differential bile acids were mainly involved in the secondary bile acid biosynthesis pathway.Correlation analysis showed that four differential bile acids,deoxycholic acid(r,=0.6445,P＜0.001),isolithocholic acid(r,=0.5879,P＜0.01),3β-deoxycholic acid(r,=0.6649,P＜0.001),and ω-rhamnoglutaric acid(rs=0.5387,P＜0.01),in feces were strongly positively correlated with body weight.Conclusions Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.alcoholic extract may play a role in weight reduction and amelioration of dyslipidemia by modulating secondary bile acid biosynthesis and altering fecal bile acid metabolic profiles.

Objective To investigate the application effect of a bedside ultrasound-guided intestinal cleaning program in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.Methods A total of 51 patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted to the ICU of a tertiary A hospital in Shandong from March to September 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method,and they were divided into an experimental group and a control group according to random number table method.The experimental group was given the bedside ultrasound-guided intestinal cleaning program,and the control group was given the routine intestinal cleaning program.Acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasonography score,the incidence of grade Ⅲ acute gastrointestinal injury and intra-abdominal pressure were compared between the 2 groups before intervention,on the 3rd and 5th day.Results There was an interaction effect between time and group in the comparison of acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasonography scores in the 2 groups(F=7.478,P<0.001);simple effect analysis showed that acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasonography scores in the experimental group were lower than those in control group on the 3rd and 5th day,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The incidence of grade Ⅲ acute gastrointestinal injury in the experimental group(23%)was lower than that in the control group(60%),with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The intra-abdominal pressure had an interaction effect between the 2 groups(F=47.128,P<0.001);simple effect analysis showed that the intra-abdominal pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group on the 3rd and 5th day,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion The bedside ultrasound-guided intestinal cleaning program can improve acute gastrointestinal injury and reduce intra-abdominal hypertension in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

AIM To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,neomangiferin,catechin,caffeic acid,mangiferin,isomangiferin,albiflorin,paeoniflorin,vitexin,liquiritin,scutellarin,baicalin,liquiritigenin,timosaponin BⅡ,quercetin,wogonoside,benzoylpaeoniflorin,isoliquiritigenin,honokiol,magnolol,norarecaidine,arecaidine,arecoline,epicatechin,baicalein,glycyrrhizinate and wogonin in Dayuan Drink.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 35℃thermostatic Syncronis C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.1%formic acid-acetonitrile flowing at 0.3 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray inoization source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning with select reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Twenty-eight constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2≥0.991 0),whose average recoveries were 95.60%-103.53%with the RSDs of 0.60%-5.45%.CONCLUSION This rapid,simple,selective,accurate and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Dayuan Drink.

Purpose/Significance To study and develop an intervention plan for the utilization barriers of health information services for empty nest elderly,in order to provide a basis for improving their knowledge,attitude,and action abilities in health information serv-ices.Method/Process Selecting residents of Yan'an community in Bengbu as research subjects,who are randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group.The intervention group use a pre-constructed intervention plan.After the intervention study,the con-trol group is provided with the same health education content as the intervention group.Result/Conclusion The intervention programs can improve the knowledge level and behavioral ability of empty nest elderly in utilizing information services.

Purpose/Significance To understand the influencing factors of health information literacy of elderly discharged patients receiving continuous nursing services,and to provide theoretical basis for related health education and health promotion.Method/Process The selective quota sampling method is used to conduct a questionnaire survey on elderly discharged patients aged 60 and above receiving continuous nursing services in Bengbu city,and a structural equation model is constructed to analyze the effect pathway of influencing fac-tors.Result/Conclusion The level of health information literacy of the discharged elderly patients receiving continuous nursing services is average.Healthy lifestyle has direct influence on health information literacy of them,and social support and psychological status have in-direct influence on them through self-efficacy and healthy lifestyle.It is suggested that family members and medical staffs should pay positive attention to patients,help patients maintain a good psychological state,promote the recovery of diseases,and improve the level of health information literacy.

The difference in the crystal form of the drug leads to different solubility and stability,affecting drug's the clinical efficacy and bioavailability.Therefore,in recent years,drug crystal forms have received more and more attention from researchers.By reviewing and sorting out relevant literature,this paper summarizes the research progress of drug crystallization theory in recent years from the aspects of influencing factors of drug crystal form,identification and control of drug crystal form,drug crystal form evaluation methods,and applications,aiming to provide a reference for drug crystal form control and process screening.

Traditional Chinese medicine monomer has certain curative effects in tumor treatment,but its low targeting and difficulty in gathering at the tumor site limit its application.As a new type of drug delivery method,environmentally responsive nano drug delivery system has the advantages of targeted drug delivery,reducing drug side effects,and environmentally responsive release,and has been widely used in tumor treatment.In this paper,by consulting and sorting out the relevant literature,the general situation of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in the treatment of tumors,the classification of environment-responsive traditional Chinese medicine monomer nano drug delivery system,and its application in tumor treatment are summarized in three aspects,to provide ideas for solving the limitations of traditional Chinese medicine monomer in the treatment of tumor.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Tanreqing injection （TRQ） on the pulmonary flora in the rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. MethodWistar rats were randomized into control， model， and TRQ groups. The rats in other groups except the control group were treated by smoking combined with intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide for the modeling of COPD. The TRQ group was intraperitoneally injected with TRQ （2 g·kg^-1）. At the end of the experiment， after blood collection from the abdominal aorta of the rats， the lung tissue was collected for hematoxylin-eosin and picric sirius red staining to reveal the pathological changes. The lung lavage fluid was collected， and the diversity and relative abundance of lung flora in different groups were analyzed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. ResultThe lungs of the control group were normal， and those of the model group showed neutrophil infiltration， telangiectasia， lung hemorrhage and emphysema in individual cases， and thickening of collagen fibers in the trachea. Compared with the model group， the TRQ group showed significantly improved lungs and recovered collagen fibers. The MLI analysis showed that compared with the control group， the model group showcased increased alveolar space （P<0.01）， which was reduced in the TRQ group （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， the model group showed increased wall thickness （P<0.01）， and the increase was attenuated in the TRQ group （P<0.01）. TRQ increased the Simpson index and altered the α diversity of pulmonary flora. The results of principal co-ordinate analysis showed that TRQ changed the β diversity and reduced the β diversity index of pulmonary flora. At the genus level， the model group showed increased relative abundance of g_Bacillus and g_Brevundimonas and decreased relative abundance of g_Pseudomonas， compared with the control group. After treatment with TRQ， the relative abundance of g_Stenotrophomonas increased， and that of g_Bacillus decreased. The LEfSe of differential taxa between groups showed that the modeling increased the relative abundance of g_Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group， and TRQ treatment increased the relative abundance of g_Rhodococcus and g_Stenotrophomonas. ConclusionTRQ can regulate the diversity of pulmonary flora and restore the balance of bacterial genera in the rat model of COPD， which may be one of the mechanisms of the prevention and treatment of COPD with TRQ.

Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) is widely distributed in various organisms. The first reported ENGase activity was detected in Diplococcus pneumoniae in 1971. The protein (Endo D) was purified and its peptide sequence was determined in 1974. Three ENGases (Endo F1-F3) were discovered in Flavobacterium meningosepticum from 1982 to 1993. After that, the activity was detected from different species of bacteria, yeast, fungal, plant, mice, human, etc. Multiple ENGases were detected in some species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Trichoderma atroviride. The first preliminary crystallographic analysis of ENGase was conducted in 1994. But to date, only a few ENGases structures have been obtained, and the structure of human ENGase is still missing. The currently identified ENGases were distributed in the GH18 or GH85 families in Carbohydrate-Active enZyme (CAZy) database. GH18 ENGase only has hydrolytic activity, but GH85 ENGase has both hydrolytic and transglycosylation activity. Although ENGases of the two families have similar (β/α)8-TIM barrel structures, the active sites are slightly different. ENGase is an effective tool for glycan detection andglycan editing. Biochemically, ENGase can specifically hydrolyze β‑1,4 glycosidic bond between the twoN-acetylglucosamines (GlcNAc) on core pentasaccharide presented on glycopeptides and/or glycoproteins. Different ENGases may have different substrate specificity. The hydrolysis products are oligosaccharide chains and a GlcNAc or glycopeptides or glycoproteins with a GlcNAc. Conditionally, it can use the two products to produce a new glycopeptides or glycoprotein. Although ENGase is a common presentation in cell, its biological function remains unclear. Accumulated evidences demonstrated that ENGase is a none essential gene for living and a key regulator for differentiation. No ENGase gene was detected in the genomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and three other yeast species. Its expression was extremely low in lung. As glycoproteins are not produced by prokaryotic cells, a role for nutrition and/or microbial-host interaction was predicted for bacterium produced enzymes. In the embryonic lethality phenotype of the Ngly1-deficient mice can be partially rescued by Engase knockout, suggesting down regulation of Engase might be a solution for stress induced adaptation. Potential impacts of ENGase regulation on health and disease were presented. Rabeprazole, a drug used for stomach pain as a proton inhibitor, was identified as an inhibitor for ENGase. ENGases have been applied in vitro to produce antibodies with a designated glycan. The two step reactions were achieved by a pair of ENGase dominated for hydrolysis of substrate glycoprotein and synthesis of new glycoprotein with a free glycan of designed structure, respectively. In addition, ENGase was also been used in cell surface glycan editing. New application scenarios and new detection methods for glycobiological engineering are quickly opened up by the two functions of ENGase, especially in antibody remodeling and antibody drug conjugates. The discovery, distribution, structure property, enzymatic characteristics and recent researches in topical model organisms of ENGase were reviewed in this paper. Possible biological functions and mechanisms of ENGase, including differentiation, digestion of glycoproteins for nutrition and stress responding were hypothesised. In addition, the role of ENGase in glycan editing and synthetic biology was discussed. We hope this paper may provide insights for ENGase research and lay a solid foundation for applied and translational glycomics.

Objective:To analyze the influence of operator′s experience on the quality and success rate of root canal treatment with new nickel-titanium instruments, providing support for improving the success rate of root canal treatment with new nickel-titanium instruments in clinic.Methods:Cases of root canal treatment and non-surgical root canal retreatment with 6-12 months recall performed by residents (resident group) with experience of 1-3 years and endodontic specialists (specialist group) with experience of 5-7 years were collected from the electronic medical system of the Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, from September 2020 to August 2021. All cases were prepared by engine-driven glide path files and controlled memory nickel-titanium finishing files. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the differences and influencing factors of complications, filling quality and success rate of root canal treatment between the two groups.Results:A total of 277 cases performed by 24 residents and 3 specialists were included, 169 in the resident group and 108 in the specialist group. The clinical incidence of flare-ups was significantly higher in the resident group [3.6% (6/169)] than in the specialist group [0(0/108)] ( P=0.048). There were no significant differences in ledges, root canal transportations, perforations, or instrument separations between the two groups ( P>0.05). The prevalence of satisfactory fillings was 62.7% (106/169) in the resident group, which was significantly lower than that in the specialist group [86.1% (93/108)] ( P<0.05). The success rate of root canal treatment was 91.7% (155/169) and 94.4% (102/108) in the resident group and the specialist group, respectively, with no significant differences (χ 2=0.73, P=0.392). Multivariate analysis showed that the success rate of root canal treatment was related to complications and quality of root fillings ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Higher success rate of root canal treatment could be achieved by residents and endodontic specialists with engine-driven glide path files and controlled memory nickel-titanium files.