This descriptive correlational study determined the level of hope and spiritual wellbeing among Filipino caregivers of terminally-ill cancer patients, and the relationship of hope and spiritual wellbeing to various patient and caregiver characteristics. The study involved 50 caregivers of terminally-ill-cancer patients, mostly belonging to 51-60 age group (42%) with mean age of 44 years (SD=15), mostly females (72%), married (62%), Roman Catholic (90%), high school graduates (50%), spouses of patients (28%), with an average of 18.36 hours of caregiving in a day for an average duration of 21.4 months. The hope and spirituality scores of caregivers were 3.24 (SD=0.28) and 3.25 (SD=0.46) respectively. Caregivers had high self-efficacy (3.29) but low social support (1.72). Patient's age was moderately correlated with caregiver's hope (r=0.3; p=0.03). Caregiver's educational attainment was significantly associated with hope (p<0.01) and spiritual wellbeing (p<0.01). Caregiver's self-efficacy was moderately correlated with their spiritual wellbeing (r=0.46, p<0.01). Caregiver's hopes were (1) for their patients to get well and recover from their illness, (2) to have strong spiritual faith and be healed with God's help (3) to be hopeful and positive, (4) hope for longer life, (5) resumption of family relations, and (6) free of pain and other discomforts. Caregivers' thoughts on spiritual wellbeing were to have: (1) stronger faith, (2) being prayerful, and (3) being positive. Compared to other studies, Filipino caregivers had lower hope scores, but higher spiritual wellbeing scores. Nursing interventions promoting hope and spiritual wellbeing should be conducted in patients' room, clinic appointments, or during home visits. Nursing care promoting hope and spiritual wellbeing should be part of patients' activities for daily living.
Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Caregivers ; Spirituality ; Family Relations ; Spouses ; Self Efficacy ; Catholicism ; Patients' ; Rooms ; House Calls ; Terminally Ill ; Hope ; Marriage ; Spiritual Therapies ; Social Support ; Neoplasms ; Pain ; Schools

A bone stress injury (BSI) means that the bones cannot tolerate repeated mechanical loads, resulting in structural fatigue and local bone pain. A delay in BSI diagnosis can lead to more serious injuries, such as stress fractures that require longer treatment periods. Therefore, early detection of BSI is an essential part of management. Risk factors for BSI development include biological and biomechanical factors. Medical history and physical examination are the basics for a BSI diagnosis, and magnetic resonance imaging is helpful for confirming and grading. In this paper, the authors review the overall content of BSI and stress fractures which are common in runners. Through this review, we hope that interest in stress fractures will be raised in Korea and that active researches will be conducted.
Diagnosis ; Fatigue ; Fractures, Stress ; Hope ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Physical Examination ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: This study aimed to understand the experiences of married North Korean women's child-rearing, working lives, and their home and work environment in depth.METHODS: This study adopted van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological method to qualitatively analyze data. The participants were 8 married North Korean women defectors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations from July 4 to August 20, 2018.RESULTS: Nine essential themes emerged: more personal challenges after overcoming a life-threatening crisis; hopes of firmly settling in this land; the wound from the north, which chased them here; a body that becomes stronger through hardship; being stuck in a past full of anxiety and pain; the present is full of hope; hope for the future; sense of alienation from coworkers that cannot be overcome; and sense of power to endure an exhausting work life.CONCLUSION: This study provided a broader understanding of the life and experiences of married women from North Korea. It highlights the need for nurses to recognize their importance in nursing care. The study also suggests that academic and practical approaches for nursing, and basic data for a nursing intervention for married women from North Korea be provided. The study findings can be used as a basis for preparing a national policy that will help North Korean defectors to find employment and gain stability.
Anxiety ; Child ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Employment ; Female ; Hermeneutics ; Hope ; Humans ; Methods ; Nursing ; Nursing Care ; Qualitative Research ; Wounds and Injuries

hope to shed light on the influence of lifestyle modifications and their clinical implications on men's health.]]>
Aging ; Hope ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Men's Health ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors ; Testosterone

BACKGROUND: Oral diseases are caused by various systemic and local factors, the most closely related being the biofilm. However, the challenges involved in removing an established biofilm necessitate professional care for its removal. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of professional self and professional biofilm care in healthy patients to prevent the development of periodontal diseases. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients who visited the dental clinic between September 2018 and February 2019 were included in this study. Self-biofilm care was performed by routine tooth brushing and professional biofilm care was provided using the toothpick method (TPM) or the oral prophylaxis (OP) method using a rubber cup. Subgingival bacterial motility and halitosis (levels of hydrogen sulfide, H₂2S; methyl mercaptan, CH₃SH; and di-methyl sulfide, (CH₃)₂S) were measured before, immediately after, and 5 hours after the preventive treatment in the three groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance test was performed to determine significant differences among the groups. RESULTS: TPM was effective immediately after the prevention treatment, whereas OP was more effective after 5 hours (proximal surfaces, F=16.353, p<0.001; smooth surfaces, F=66.575, p<0.001). The three components responsible for halitosis were effectively reduced by professional biofilm care immediately after the preventive treatment; however, self-biofilm care was more effective after 5 hours (H₂S, F=3.564, p=0.011; CH₃SH, F=6.657, p<0.001; (CH₃)₂S, F=21.135, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: To prevent oral diseases, it is critical to monitor the biofilm. The dental hygienist should check the oral hygiene status and the ability of the patient to administer oral care. Professional biofilm care should be provided by assessing and treating each surface of the tooth. We hope to strengthen our professional in biofilm care through continuous clinical research.
Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Dental Care ; Dental Clinics ; Dental Hygienists ; Halitosis ; Hope ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; Methods ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontal Diseases ; Rubber ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to confirm the influence of hematoonchology unit nurses' positive psychological capital and death awareness on their terminal care performance. METHODS: This descriptive study data were collected from self-reported questionnaire filled by 127 oncology nurses at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. The variables were positive psychological capital, death awareness, and terminal care performance. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 software. RESULTS: The participants scored 3.93±0.83 on positive psychological capital, 3.68±0.99 on death awareness and 2.86±0.65 on terminal care performance. The three variables were positively correlated. The factors affecting the nurses' terminal care performance were hope and resilience in the subcategory of positive psychological capital and experience of death of family members, relatives or friends within the past year; The explanatory power was 32.1%. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop educational programs to foster hope, resilience, etc. in hematooncology unit nurses to improve their quality of terminal care performance.
Friends ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea ; Resilience, Psychological ; Seoul ; Terminal Care ; Tertiary Care Centers

The death certificate is a medical document that proves the death of a person and forms the basis of an administrative death report. It is a source of statistics on the cause of a person's death and the basic tool used in national health policy and health promotion activities. This study reviews the major categories of historical changes made to the Korean death certificate form over the years. During the Japanese colonial period, the death certificate form was first introduced under the Koii (public doctor) system. However, the first structurally organized form of the death certificate was based on the “National Medical Service Act” (June 26, 1955.); it was structurally very similar to the current form. Since the enactment of the “Enforcement Decree of the Medical Service Act”, the death certificate form has undergone structural changes 13 times. The changes made to the contents or format of the death certificate during its 98 revisions can be classified into eight categories: death certificate title, form language, personal information, place of death, cause of death, manner of death, information on unnatural death, and other changes (chart number, serial number, confirmation seal, etc.). The authors hope that future revisions to the Korean death certificate would make it easier to write.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cause of Death ; Death Certificates ; Health Policy ; Health Promotion ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea

This paper examines WHO's involvement in South Korea within the context of the changing organization of public health infrastructure in Korea during the years spanning from the end of the Japanese occupation, through the periods of American military occupation and the Korean War, and to the early years of the Park Chung Hee regime in the early 1960s, in order to demonstrate how tuberculosis came to be addressed as a public health problem. WHO launched several survey missions and relief efforts before and during the Korean War and subsequently became deeply involved in shaping government policy for public health through a number of technical assistance programs, including a program for tuberculosis control in the early 1960s. This paper argues that the principal concern for WHO was to start rebuilding the public health infrastructure beyond simply abolishing the remnants of colonial practices or showcasing the superiority of American practices vis-à-vis those practiced under a Communist rule. WHO consistently sought to address infrastructural problems by strengthening the government's role by linking the central and regional health units, and this was especially visible in its tuberculosis program, where it attempted to take back the responsibilities and functions previously assumed by voluntary organizations like the Korea National Tuberculosis Administration (KNTA). This interest in public health infrastructure was fueled by WHO's discovery of a cost-effective, drug-based, and community-oriented horizontal approach to tuberculosis control, with a hope that these practices would replace the traditional, costly, disease-specific, and seclusion-oriented vertical approach that relied on sanatoria. These policy imperatives were met with the unanticipated regime change from a civilian to a military government in 1961, which created an environment favorable for the expansion of the public health network. Technology and politics were intricately intertwined in the emergence of a new infrastructure for public health in Korea, as this case of tuberculosis control illustrates.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Global Health ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea ; Korean War ; Military Personnel ; Occupations ; Politics ; Public Health ; Religious Missions ; Tuberculosis ; World Health Organization

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a novel brain stimulation technique which has kindled hope in alleviating motor, language as well as cognitive deficits in neuronal injury. Current case report describes application of tDCS in two phases using two different protocols in a patient with hypoxic injury. In the first phase anodal stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improved the language fluency. Subsequently, after 6 months second phase application of anodal stimulation over posterior parietal region targeted arithmetic and working memory deficits. Individualising the treatment protocols of brain stimulation, based on the lesion and the functional deficits, for neuro-rehabilitation is emphasised.
Brain ; Clinical Protocols ; Cognition Disorders ; Dyscalculia ; Hope ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Memory, Short-Term ; Neurons ; Parietal Lobe ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Rehabilitation ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to identify and define concepts of post-traumatic growth of family caregivers of cancer patients. METHODS: This study was conducted according to the method of Walker and Avant (2005)'s, focusing on research articles and books published from 2000 to 2017. RESULTS: There were five attributes of the concept: personal growth, reinforcing relationships with others, understanding of others, finding meaning of care, and gratitude for life. Furthermore, antecedents were as follows: cancer diagnosis of a family member, cancer severity, role acceptance of caregiver, caregiving related burden, self-esteem, and hope. The consequences, therefore, were promoting patient' s posttraumatic growth and psychological well-being, increased the quality of life, health related habits change, balance of life, satisfaction of life, and continuation of care. CONCLUSION: Knowing the factors of posttraumatic growth in nursing can be used to devise an intervention to enhance the posttraumatic growth of family caregivers of cancer patient, which can then be applied to a variety of nursing areas.
Caregivers ; Diagnosis ; Hope ; Humans ; Methods ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Walkers