Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome caused by multiple factors,which seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients.Its overall pathogenesis is related to the deficiency of spleen qi,insufficiency of kidney essence,internal generation of turbid toxins,and the obstruction of the production of qi,blood and essential qi,which cannot nourish the muscles and bones.Under the guidance of the dynamic diagnosis and treatment system of"spleen and kidney exhaustion as the root cause and internal accumulation of turbid toxins as the manifestation",the overall regulation is carried out from four dimensions:opening and closing the spleen and stomach,nourishing the kidney and promoting transportation,transforming turbid toxins and detoxification,and tonifying qi and nourishing yin.It has shown unique value in the intervention of cancer cachexia and can provide ideas and references for the clinical practice of TCM in treating cancer cachexia.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the cellular milieu in which tumor cells thrive, comprising interacting cells and associated factors that form a complex network of interactions, directly or indirectly influencing the initiation, progression, and metastasis of lung cancer. Through TCM pattern identification, it has been observed thatphlegm-pathogen is closely associated with disorder in the inflammatory-metabolic-immune microenvironments of lung cancer. This involves three key pathological mechanisms: "phlegm-stasis complicated by toxin, qi deficiency with exuberant phlegm, and phlegm-pathogen impairing healthy qi". Molecular mechanism studies have revealed that phlegm-resolving agents can extensively modulate multiple targets or pathways, thereby remodeling the inflammatory-metabolic-immune microenvironments of lung cancer. Consequently, a comprehensive therapeutic strategy integrating "resolving phlegm, dispelling stasis, and detoxifying; supplementing qi, warming yang, and resolving phlegm; and reinforcing healthy qi, tonifying the lung, and eliminating phlegm" is essential to reshape the lung cancer TME and enhance antitumor efficacy.

Tumor-related insomnia is one of the common complications of tumor patients,which is secondary to tumor disease and related to tumor disease itself or tumor treatment.Combined with the unique pathogenesis of"heat-toxicity internal stagnation"of tumor-related insomnia,the important treatment methods are to clear away heat,attack toxicity,regulate qi and supplement healthy qi.This article explained the research status,etiology and pathogenesis,treatment principles of the disease,in order to provide new ideas and methods for the differentiation and treatment of tumor-related insomnia in TCM.

Tumor-related insomnia is one of the common complications of tumor patients,which is secondary to tumor disease and related to tumor disease itself or tumor treatment.Combined with the unique pathogenesis of"heat-toxicity internal stagnation"of tumor-related insomnia,the important treatment methods are to clear away heat,attack toxicity,regulate qi and supplement healthy qi.This article explained the research status,etiology and pathogenesis,treatment principles of the disease,in order to provide new ideas and methods for the differentiation and treatment of tumor-related insomnia in TCM.

Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome caused by multiple factors,which seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients.Its overall pathogenesis is related to the deficiency of spleen qi,insufficiency of kidney essence,internal generation of turbid toxins,and the obstruction of the production of qi,blood and essential qi,which cannot nourish the muscles and bones.Under the guidance of the dynamic diagnosis and treatment system of"spleen and kidney exhaustion as the root cause and internal accumulation of turbid toxins as the manifestation",the overall regulation is carried out from four dimensions:opening and closing the spleen and stomach,nourishing the kidney and promoting transportation,transforming turbid toxins and detoxification,and tonifying qi and nourishing yin.It has shown unique value in the intervention of cancer cachexia and can provide ideas and references for the clinical practice of TCM in treating cancer cachexia.

Objective:To analyze the status quo, hotspots and fronts of emergency nursing training research at home and abroad in the past ten years, and to provide reference and ideas for the efficient development of emergency nursing training in China.Methods:CiteSpace 6.2.R2 software was used to visually analyze the Chinese and English literatures on emergency nursing training included in CNKI and Web of Science core databases from January 1, 2013 to June 1, 2023.Results:A total of 1 177 Chinese literatures and 1 163 English literatures were included. The number of foreign articles in this field increased year by year, while the number of domestic articles showed a downward trend since 2018. There were many stable core author groups and core institution groups in foreign countries, while there was less cooperation among domestic authors and institutions. The common research hotspots and frontiers at home and abroad focused on broadening the training audience of emergency nursing, innovating the training methods of emergency nursing, strengthening the evaluation of the effect of emergency nursing training, and paying attention to the training experience and needs of nurses. Foreign researches also focused on specialized nurses, interprofessional education and nurses′mental health, etc, and the research direction was diversified.Conclusions:The development stages of emergency nursing training researches at home and abroad are different, and the research hotspots are different. In the future, we should learn from foreign research, strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation, improve the depth and breadth of research, and strengthen the cooperation between authors, institutions and countries to promote the high-quality development of emergency nursing training research in China.

OBJECTIVE To compare the similarities and differences of the two methods in analyzing the use of opioids in third grade class A medical institutions and provide a reference for the management of opioids in medical institutions. METHODS Two methods， Defined Daily Dose （DDD） and Oral Morphine Equivalent （OME）， were used to count the opioid prescription data of five comprehensive medical institutions of third grade class A （named H1-H5） in Shanxi province in 2020， calculate consumption sum of opioid， annual per capita consumption sum， patient cost burden and drug consumption sum ratio， compare the index results presented by the two analysis methods， and explore the application scenarios of the advantages of each of the two evaluation methods. RESULTS The ranking of consumption sum of opioid and patient cost burden calculated by the two methods was the same in the five sample medical institutions， but the ranking of per capita consumption sum was different. Taking the 5 medical institutions as a whole， the top 4 rankings of consumption sum ratio for each species of opioid compared by both methods were the same， i. e. remifentanil＞sufentanil＞oxycodone＞morphine. The ratio of remifentanil was close to 50%. When comparing the ranking of consumption sum ratio in each medical institution， the ranking calculated by the two methods was different for those medical institutions except for H1 medical institutions. The consumption sum ratio of fentanyl calculated by DDD method was significantly higher than that of OME method； whereas consumption sum ratio of remifentanil calculated by OME method was significantly higher than that of DDD method. Perioperative patients had the highest consumption sum ratio， about 50%. The consumption sum ratio of critically ill patients in H3 jwsydey@163.com medical institutions and inpatient patients with cancer pain and other patients in H5 medical institutions calculated by DDD method was significantly higher than that by OME method. There were differences in the order of cost burden of different types of patients calculated by two methods. CONCLUSIONS DDD method can accurately reflect the dosage of opioid drugs and facilitate the monitoring and management of the dosage； OME method can more reflect the analgesic effect and compare the cost burden of patients.

Objective:By analyzing the norm data results of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-Ⅳ) in China,to prove the validity of the procedure and methods during the norming development.Methods:The whole process of the revision of WAIS-Ⅳ,the development of computer-assisted system and norm sampling plan,were introduced in more detail,and the distribution of actual norm data of 1757 cases was analyzed.Results:For area distribution,compared with planned sampling number,the number from North and Northeast China was statistically significant different (x2 =78.02,P ＜0.01).For age stages distribution,most of cases conformed to the requirements of sampling,except that some cases including high-level educational cases aged 16-17 years and above 65 years,and low-level educational cases aged 30-34 years were less than the planned sampling number.For gender distribution,male subjects were more,but there was no statistically significant difference between male and female subjects (x2 =228,P =0.131).For educational degree distribution,the sampling conformed to the requirements of sampling plan (x2 =2.74,P =0.603).For occupation,resident years and registered permanent residence,and the sample was basically representative.Conclusion:The process of the revision of the Chinese version of WAIS-Ⅳ is appropriate,and actual norm sampling basically conforms to planned sample distribution,providing the sufficient representativeness and reliability for national norm data of WAIS-Ⅳ.

Objective Using Meta-analysis method to evaluate the effect of multimedia video education and traditional education for hip replacement patients.Methods Databases including Elsevier, PubMed,EMbase,Medline,SCI,CNKI,CBM and WanFang Data were searched to collect the randomized controlled trails (RCTs) and non-RCTs regarding multimedia video education versus traditional education for hip replacement surgery patients. The retrieval time was from early available time to July 1st 2016.The data were collected and evaluated by two orthopedic nurses independently. The Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan5.2 software.Results A total of six RCTs and four non-RCTs involving 1197 patients were included. The results of Meta analysis showed that,the multimedia video education can improve the harris scores of one month [MD=6.95,95%CI(5.77,8.13),P<0.05],three months [MD=9.71,95%CI(7.53,11.89),P<0.05] and six months [MD=8.32,95%CI(4.46,12.17),P<0.05] after surgery,reduce the incidence of complications [OR=0.25,95%CI(0.15,0.42),P<0.05],decrease the hospital stays of patients [MD=-0.75,95%CI (-1.42,-0.08),P<0.05] and increase patients' awareness rate of rehabilitation knowledge [OR=2.55,95%CI (1.36,4.79),P<0.05].Conclusions Multimedia video education is superior to traditional education for hip replacement surgery patients,and with shorter hospital stays,lower complication rate postsurgery,multimedia video education should be promoted in clinic.

Objective To investigate the memory characteristics and related factors of patients with mental retardation. Methods 73 patients with mental retardation (patient group) and 73 normal subjects (control group) matched with the patient group were respectively tested with Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition of Chinese Version (WMS-IV). Results The scores of each subtest and composite scores of WMS-IV were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (P<0.01). All the composite scores positively correlated with each other in the patient group (r=0.38-0.90, P<0.01) and in the control group (r=0.31-0.94, P<0.01). Age and education level positively correlated with all the composite scores (except the Visual Working Memory Index) in the patient group (P<0.05). Conclusion The patients with mental retardation present an overall decline in memory, especially in the immediate memory. The memory function in patients is related with their ages and education levels.