Objective:To investigate the long-term survival and safety in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who experienced a noninvasive down-staging (≤pT 1)after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) plus systemic chemotherapy and received bladder-sparing treatment. Methods:The records of patients with MIBC who underwent maximal TURBT plus systemic chemotherapy-guided bladder-sparing treatment were reviewed retrospectively from Dec 2013 to Dec 2020. Eventually, 22 patients who achieved noninvasive down-staging underwent conservative management. The total patient cohort contained 10 males and 12 females. A majority of patients had single lesion and stage T2 disease. The median age of the patients was 66 years and the median tumor size was 3.0 cm. All patients underwent maximal TURBT to resect all visible diseases and followed by 3-4 cycles platinum-based systemic chemotherapy. After achieving noninvasive down-staging, 14 patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and the other 8 patients underwent surveillance. Overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) was used to assess the bladder function after treatment.Results:Twelve patients achieved pT 0 and 10 patients were down-staged to cT a-T 1. At a median follow-up of 36.7 months, 90.9%(20/22) patients retained their bladder function successfully. Among the 14 patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, 4 had grade 3 or 4 adverse events. Among the 8 patients who underwent surveillance, 3 had grade 3 or 4 adverse events after systemic chemotherapy.Nine patients experienced tumor recurrence in the bladder, and 2 patients died of bladder cancer. Seven (31.8%) patients experienced Ⅲ/Ⅳ grade complications. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients achieved pT0 were 66.7% and 100.0%, respectively. The 5-year RFS and OS in patients achieved cTa-T1 were 40% and 72%, respectively. The OABSS score of 20 patients who retained their bladder successfully was (1.00±1.03). Conclusions:MIBC patients who achieved noninvasive down-staging might be candidates for the bladder-sparing treatment with maximum TURBT followed by systemic chemotherapy.The patients who achieved pT 0 might have better prognosis with functional bladder.

Objective:To evaluate the value of 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen( 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT)in the diagnosis of prostate cancer(PCa) and determination of the strategy on neurovascular bundle(NVB)preservation and lymphadenectomy before surgery. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 46 patients with newly diagnosed PCa who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT from June 2018 to October 2019. The median age was 66.50 (60.00, 69.25) years old and the median PSA was 15.97(8.58, 33.10)ng/ml. Forty-one patients were diagnosed PCa and 5 were diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, 6 were diagnosed with lymph nodes metastasis. Forty patients underwent mpMRI, 33 were diagnosed PCa, and 6 were diagnosed with lymph nodes metastasis. Seventeen patients underwent 11C-choline PET/CT, 12 were diagnosed PCa, and 4 were diagnosed with lymph nodes metastasis. Among the 41 patients which were diagnosed PCa by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, 26 were confirmed with PCa by needling biopsy, 12 did not undergo the needling biopsy and 3 had negative biopsy; 22 were in the high-risk group, and 19 were in the low- and medium-risk group. All 41 patients underwent radical prostatectomy. The strategy of NVB preservation was determined by the position of the PCa reported by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. If the tumor was close to the unilateral prostate capsule, the healthy part of the NVB would be preserved. And if the tumor was limited in the prostate gland, bilateral NVB would be preserved. The NVB was preserved in 16 cases(6 cases unilateral and 10 cases bilateral). In addition to routine lymph node dissection for patients in the high-risk group, lymph node dissection was also performed on patients with 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT that showed positive lymph nodes in the low- and medium-risk groups. The paired chi-square or Fisher exact test was used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, mpMRI, and 11C-choline PET/CT for lesion detection. Spearman analysis was used to examine the correlation between the SUV max, Gleason score, and the PSA value before treatment. Results:Forty-one patients undergoing radical resection were diagnosed PCa by postoperative pathology, and no cancer tissue was observed at the surgical margin; the median Gleason score was 8(7, 9); 20 cases (48.8%) had a pathological stage ≤pT 2c; 21 cases (51.2%)≥pT 3; 7 cases were N+ (11 positive lymph nodes). Seven cases (17.1%) had complications of Clavien-Dindo ≤ grade 2 within 30 days after surgery, and there was no complication above grade 3 after surgery. The median follow-up time of the 41 patients was 16(12, 20). The rate of urinary control was 46.3%, 95.1%, and 100% after 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months follow-up respectively. Among the five patients that did not undergo surgery, the PSA value of 4 decreased after antibiotic treatment, and biopsy was performed in 1 case without PSA decreasing, and no carcinoma was found. The sensitivity of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT on the primary PCa was 100%(41/41), which was significantly better than that of 11C-choline(80%, 12/15, P=0.016)and mpMRI (83.7%, 31/37, P=0.009), while no statistical significance was observed between the specificity of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT (5/5)and 11C-choline PET/CT(2/2, P=1.000), 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI(1/3, P=0.107). Of the 41 patients that were diagnosed with PCa, the sensitivity of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT to lymph nodes metastases(71.4%, 5/7) had a significant difference with that of mpMRI(16.7, 1/6, P=0.016), but no statistical difference with 11C-choline (75%, 3/4, P=1.000). Analysis of the relationship between SUV max of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, Gleason score, and PSA value before treatment revealed that the SUV max of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients with Gleason score ≥8 and <8 score were 19.60(9.58, 24.38) and 8.55 (5.18, 12.88); SUV max of patients with PSA values ≥20 ng/ml and <20 ng/ml before treatment were 19.40 (13.00, 23.50) and 8.40 (5.35, 13.95), respectively, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:68Ga-PSMA PET/CT had high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of primary prostate cancer lesions, but the sensitivity for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was not enough to guide the preoperative decision of whether to remove the lymph node and the scope of the removal. However, the treatment strategy of whether to retain NVB could be formulated according to the tumor location displayed by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT before surgery.

Purpose: Reduced quality of life after cystectomy has made bladder preservation a popular research topic for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Previous research has indicated significant tumor downstaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However, maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed before NAC to define the pathology, impacting the real evaluation of NAC. This research aimed to assess real NAC efficacy without interference from TURBT and apply combined modality therapies guided by NAC efficacy. Materials and Methods: Patients with cT2-4aN0M0 MIBC were confirmed by cystoscopic biopsy and imaging. NAC efficacy was assessed by imaging, urine cytology, and cystoscopy with multidisciplinary team discussion. Definite responders (≤ T1) underwent TURBT plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Incomplete responders underwent radical cystectomy or partial cystectomy if feasible. The primary endpoint was the bladder preservation rate. Results: Fifty-nine patients were enrolled, and the median age was 63 years. Patients with cT3-4 accounted for 75%. The median number of NAC cycles was three. Definite responders were 52.5%. The complete response (CR) was 10.2%, and 59.3% of patients received bladder-sparing treatments. With a median follow-up of 44.6 months, the 3-year overall survival (OS) was 72.8%. Three-year OS and relapse-free survival were 88.4% and 60.0% in the bladder-sparing group but only 74.3% and 37.5% in the cystectomy group. The evaluations of preserved bladder function were satisfactory. Conclusion After stratifying MIBC patients by NAC efficacy, definite responders achieved a satisfactory bladder-sparing rate, prognosis, and bladder function. The CR rate reflected the real NAC efficacy for MIBC. This therapy is worth verifying through multicenter research.

Kidney cancer usually requires multidisciplinary individualized treatments. No matter what kind of treatment, drugs are essential. According to the "six-step process" (prescription legitimacy review, patient basic information evaluation review, treatment protocol review, organ function and laboratory index review, pretreatment review, and unconventional prescription review) in prescription review proposed by the anti-tumor drug prescription review expert group and referring to domestic and foreign kidney cancer guidelines and drug instructions in recent years, this consensus selects 9 targeted drugs and 4 immunotherapeutic drugs that are currently commonly used in China and elaborates the key review points in patient basic information evaluation review, treatment protocol review, and organ function and laboratory index review of kidney cancer drug treatment, in order to provide reference for clinical front-line pharmacists to review prescriptions of kidney cancer patients and promote rational drug use in clinic.

Kidney cancer usually requires multidisciplinary individualized treatments. No matter what kind of treatment, drugs are essential. According to the "six-step process" (prescription legitimacy review, patient basic information evaluation review, treatment protocol review, organ function and laboratory index review, pretreatment review, and unconventional prescription review) in prescription review proposed by the anti-tumor drug prescription review expert group and referring to domestic and foreign kidney cancer guidelines and drug instructions in recent years, this consensus selects 9 targeted drugs and 4 immunotherapeutic drugs that are currently commonly used in China and elaborates the key review points in patient basic information evaluation review, treatment protocol review, and organ function and laboratory index review of kidney cancer drug treatment, in order to provide reference for clinical front-line pharmacists to review prescriptions of kidney cancer patients and promote rational drug use in clinic.

Objective To analyze how enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) protease 2A affects the anti-vi-ral interferon typeⅠ(IFN-Ⅰ) pathway in 293T cells following infection. Methods Western blot was used to detect the expression of recombinant protease 2A, IFN-α and signal transducers and activators of tran-scription 1 (STAT1) at protein level. Expression of EV-D68 viral protein (VP1) and protease 2A was ana-lyzed by immunofluorescence at different time points. Cytopathic effects were recorded to calculate 50％ cell culture infective dose ( CCID50 ) . Expression of the genes involved in the anti-viral IFN-Ⅰ pathway was measured by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results The recombinant plasmid pCLIPf-2A was successfully constructed and the expression of recombinant protease 2A could be detected by Western blot 24 h after transfection. The recombinant protease 2A promoted the proliferation of EV-D68 at the late stage of infection and induced the production of IFN-α. Expression of the genes involved in the anti-viral IFN-Ⅰ pathway at mRNA level was up- or down-regulated to different degrees with various trends in different groups following infection. Expression of STAT1 was enhanced in all groups. Conclusions EV-D68 protease 2A promoted the activation of anti-viral IFN-Ⅰpathway in response to viral infection and enhanced the proliferation of virus at the late stage of infection.

Zebrafish is an emerging animal model for studies on auditory system.This model presents high comparability with humans,good accessibility to the hearing organ,and high throughput capacity.To better utilize this animal model,methodologies need to be used to quantify the hearing function of the zebrafish.Zebrafish displays a series of innate and robust behavior related to its auditory function.Here,we reviewed the advantage of using zebrafish in auditory research and then introduced three behavioral tests,as follows:the startle response,the vestibular-ocular reflex,and rheotaxis.These tests are discussed in terms of their physiological characteristics,up-to-date technical development,and apparatus description.Test limitation and areas to improve are also introduced.Finally,we revealed the feasibility of these applications in zebrafish behavioral assessment and their potential in the high-throughput screening on hearing-related genes and drugs.

Private cloud is an internal cloud featuring multi-tenant,dynamic configuration and optimization infrastructure,which enables developers to achieve service self-deployment and self-hosting within security coverage of the enterprise data center.This paper introduced the concept of cloud computing.Then it went on to present the private cloud architecture of the hospital by analysis of problems in the hospital including information construction costs,management and maintenance,and information expansion.In the end,the authors analyzed the cloud computing service model,hospital private cloud architecture,along with outcome analysis for hospital private cloud implementations.