BACKGROUND:With the continuous progress of science and technology,the introduction of new technologies and methods will bring more possibilities and new breakthroughs for the application of shape memory alloys in the fields of assistive and rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE:To review the application status of shape memory alloys in assistive and rehabilitation equipment,discuss their main methods,techniques and results,summarize and put forward suggestions,hoping that shape memory alloys can be continuously optimized and bring more new changes for the development of assistive and rehabilitation equipment. METHODS:WanFang,PubMed,and Web of Science databases were searched by computer."Shape memory alloys,application progress,orthodontics,orthopedic,prosthesis,rehabilitation,properties,implantation,mechanical properties,nickel-titanium memory alloys,actuation"were used as Chinese search terms."Shape memory alloys,application,orthodontics,orthopedic,prosthetics,rehabilitation,properties,implant,drive,progress,prostheses"were used as English search terms.Finally,91 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Shape memory alloy has the characteristics of corrosion resistance,wear resistance,biocompatibility,fatigue resistance,kink resistance and other properties.Compared with other traditional materials(stainless steel,titanium alloy,cobalt-chromium alloy,etc.),shape memory alloy has lower elastic modulus and no biological toxicity,which is suitable for long-term implantation as an implant prosthesis.Due to its shape memory effect and excellent mechanical properties,it is mainly used as a driving element or as a bridge connecting the device and the human body in artificial limbs,orthoses and rehabilitation equipment.(2)The use of shape memory alloy drive elements can reduce the weight of the device,eliminate noise,easy to operate,easy to carry,better assist joint movement;compared with the use of pneumatic,hydraulic,and electrical drive methods of the device,it has obvious advantages.(3)In addition,shape memory alloy can produce permanent and stable stress during deformation.Compared with stainless steel,titanium alloy and aluminum alloy,shape memory alloy has a higher material recovery rate and does not need to be replaced and adjusted frequently,so it is more practical in the correction of deformity.(4)At present,shape memory alloy is most commonly used in orthosis,and the best clinical application effect is in stapes prosthesis.However,due to the limitations of technology and cost,shape memory alloys are rarely used in artificial limbs and rehabilitation equipment,and there is a lack of large sample size studies on the application effect.(5)Although shape memory alloys have been developed in the field of auxiliary and rehabilitation,there are still many problems:it is difficult to accurately control the shape memory alloys;the cooling speed of shape memory alloy is slow;the deformation speed of shape memory alloy cannot be controlled;there is a lack of comparative research and expert consensus on shape memory alloys with different properties;shape memory alloys are costly and expensive.(6)In the future,attention should be paid to the development of new shape memory alloys,increase comparative research,and use new technologies and methods(such as 4D printing)to solve the existing problems,so as to develop high-performance assistive devices and rehabilitation equipment.

Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of threshold inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary rehabilitation in postoperative lung cancer patients,with a focus on exploring the difference in efficacy under different interven-tion modes.Methods Randomized controlled trials on the effect of threshold inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary rehabilitation in postoperative lung cancer patients were retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang data,VIP and China Biomedical Literature Database.Meanwhile,gray literature from ProQuest and clinicaltrials.gov was searched as supplements.The retrieval period was from the establishment of each data-base to May 9,2025.Cochrane 5.1.0 was used to evaluate the quality of literature,and a meta-analysis was per-formed using RevMan 5.4.Results Twelve studies involving 701 patients were included,all of which were of moderate to high quality.Threshold inspiratory muscle training could reduce the pulmonary complications of postoperative lung cancer patients(OR=0.45,95%CI 0.29 to 0.68,P<0.001),shorten the hospital stay(MD=-1.85,95%CI-3.29 to-0.42,P=0.010),improve the inspiratory muscle strength(MD=5.84,95%CI 0.96 to 10.71,P=0.020),enhance their ex-ercise endurance(SMD=0.40,95%CI 0.10 to 0.71,P=0.010),and did not increase the risk of pulmonary air leakage(OR=0.88,95%CI 0.47 to 1.63,P=0.680).Subgroup analysis revealed that shortening of hospital stay(MD=-2.98,95%CI-5.87 to-0.09,P=0.040)and the improvement in exercise endurance(SMD=0.57,95%CI 0.14 to 1.00,P=0.009)were significant only when threshold inspiratory muscle training was combined with aerobic exercise.However,standalone threshold inspiratory muscle training showed no statistical signifi-cance in these two outcomes.Conclusion Threshold inspiratory muscle training can effectively reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and im-prove inspiratory muscle strength in postoperative lung cancer patients with good safety.Threshold inspiratory muscle training could shorten hospital stay and improve exercise endurance only when combining with aerobic exercise.

Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of threshold inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary rehabilitation in postoperative lung cancer patients,with a focus on exploring the difference in efficacy under different interven-tion modes.Methods Randomized controlled trials on the effect of threshold inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary rehabilitation in postoperative lung cancer patients were retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang data,VIP and China Biomedical Literature Database.Meanwhile,gray literature from ProQuest and clinicaltrials.gov was searched as supplements.The retrieval period was from the establishment of each data-base to May 9,2025.Cochrane 5.1.0 was used to evaluate the quality of literature,and a meta-analysis was per-formed using RevMan 5.4.Results Twelve studies involving 701 patients were included,all of which were of moderate to high quality.Threshold inspiratory muscle training could reduce the pulmonary complications of postoperative lung cancer patients(OR=0.45,95%CI 0.29 to 0.68,P<0.001),shorten the hospital stay(MD=-1.85,95%CI-3.29 to-0.42,P=0.010),improve the inspiratory muscle strength(MD=5.84,95%CI 0.96 to 10.71,P=0.020),enhance their ex-ercise endurance(SMD=0.40,95%CI 0.10 to 0.71,P=0.010),and did not increase the risk of pulmonary air leakage(OR=0.88,95%CI 0.47 to 1.63,P=0.680).Subgroup analysis revealed that shortening of hospital stay(MD=-2.98,95%CI-5.87 to-0.09,P=0.040)and the improvement in exercise endurance(SMD=0.57,95%CI 0.14 to 1.00,P=0.009)were significant only when threshold inspiratory muscle training was combined with aerobic exercise.However,standalone threshold inspiratory muscle training showed no statistical signifi-cance in these two outcomes.Conclusion Threshold inspiratory muscle training can effectively reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and im-prove inspiratory muscle strength in postoperative lung cancer patients with good safety.Threshold inspiratory muscle training could shorten hospital stay and improve exercise endurance only when combining with aerobic exercise.

Psoriasis is an incurable chronic inflammatory disease that requires new interventions. Here, we found that fibroblasts exacerbate psoriasis progression by promoting macrophage recruitment via CCL2 secretion by single-cell multi-omics analysis. The natural small molecule celastrol was screened to interfere with the secretion of CCL2 by fibroblasts and improve the psoriasis-like symptoms in both murine and cynomolgus monkey models. Mechanistically, celastrol directly bound to the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) β-chain and abolished its binding to the transcription factor c-Jun in the nucleus, which in turn inhibited CCL2 production by skin fibroblasts, blocked fibroblast-macrophage crosstalk, and ameliorated psoriasis progression. Notably, fibroblast-specific LRP1 knockout mice exhibited a significant reduction in psoriasis like inflammation. Taken together, from clinical samples and combined with various mouse models, we revealed the pathogenesis of psoriasis from the perspective of fibroblast-macrophage crosstalk, and provided a foundation for LRP1 as a novel potential target for psoriasis treatment.

Malignant tumors have become the main cause of human death.With the prolonged use of chemotherapeutic drugs during the treatment process,tumor cell resistance is also constantly increasing.long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is an important mem-ber of the non-coding RNA family.Cancer susceptibility candidate 2(CASC2)is a type of long non-coding RNA,high expression of CASC2 can inhibit tumor cell development and reduce drug resistance of tumor cells by promoting apoptosis,regulating signaling path-ways,participating in cellular transmission pathways,competitively binding of miRNA,and changing the protein structure or functional status.This article will provide a comprehensive review of the regulatory effects and mechanism of lncRNA CASC2 on chemotherapy resistance in malignant tumors.

Objective To compare the contents of alkaloid in Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix with different degrees of processing and their effects on electrocardiogram and vagus nerve action potential in SD rats;To establish a toxicity evaluation method for Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix and its processed products.Methods HPLC was used to determine the contents of six alkaloid components,including benzoyl neoaconitine,benzoyl aconitine,benzoyl subeaconitine,neoaconitine,subeaconitine and aconitine in Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix and Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Cocta of soaking and boiled for 30 minutes,boiled for 4 h without soaking,soaking and boiled for 4 h,and soaking and boiled for 8 h.SD rats were subjected to sublingual drainage with Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix and four types of processed products.The vagus nerve action potential and electrocardiogram of rats before and after administration were recorded,and the correlation analysis between alkaloid content and vagus nerve action potential and heart rate was conducted.Results The contents of alkaloid of the four processed products showed that the content of diester alkaloids was soaking and boiled for 30 min>boiled for 4 h without soaking>soaking and boiled for 4 h>soaking and boiled for 8 h;monoester alkaloid content:boiled for 4 h without soaking>soaking and boiled for 30 min>soaking and boiled for 4 h>soaking and boiled for 8 h.After the administration of each sample,compared with the basal discharge,the vagus nerve discharge of rats with different processed products was changed by sublingual administration,heart rate increased,the degree of arrhythmia increased,and it varied with the degree of processing;the results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the nerve discharge area and the contents of diester alkaloids and total alkaloids.Conclusion The action potential of the vagus nerve and electrocardiogram of rats after sublingual drainage administration can reflect the degree of numbness in the tongue,which can provide reference for the study of tongue sensation of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prognostic value of early multiple detection indicators in combination with sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) in sepsis patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted. Patients with sepsis admitted to the department of critical care medicine of Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University from May 2020 to May 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Coagulation indicators, inflammatory factors, blood routine, liver and kidney function, and blood gas analysis were collected at admission. Organ dysfunction was assessed based on the SOFA score within 24 hours after admission. Patients were divided into a survival group and a death group according to the outcome of 28 days in ICU. Differences in the above indicators between the two groups were compared. Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze prognostic factors of 28-day mortality in sepsis patients. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to analyze the predictive performance of various indicators, the SOFA score, and the combine model for the 28-day outcome in patients with sepsis. RESULTS: A total of 101 patients with sepsis were enrolled, 56 patients survived and 45 patients died. Compared to the survival group, patients in the death group were older, the proportion of patients with septic shock was larger, the SOFA score, and the proportion of pulmonary infection were higher, the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were significantly prolonged, the prothrombin activity (PTA) was significantly shortened, and antithrombin (AT) was significantly decreased, the levels of hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total bilirubin (TBil), and lactic acid (Lac) were significantly increased, while the platelet count (PLT) was significantly decreased. Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that pulmonary infection [odds ratio (OR) = 0.010, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.001-0.164, P = 0.001], AT (OR = 0.944, 95%CI was 0.910-0.978, P = 0.002), hs-CRP (OR = 1.008, 95%CI was 1.001-1.015, P = 0.017), Lac (OR = 1.619, 95%CI was 1.195-2.193, P = 0.002), and SOFA score (OR = 1.363, 95%CI was 1.076-1.727, P = 0.010) were independent prognostic factors for 28-day mortality in patients. A combined model was constructed using pulmonary infection, AT, hs-CRP, Lac, and SOFA score. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the combine model in predicting sepsis prognosis was 0.936 (95%CI was 0.869-0.975, P < 0.001), which was higher in value compared to single indicators (AUC of AT, hs-CRP, Lac, and SOFA score were 0.775, 0.666, 0.802, 0.796, respectively, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The predictive ability of the SOFA score for sepsis patient outcomes is limited. The combine model combining infection site, AT, hs-CRP, and Lac shows better predictive ability.
Humans ; Organ Dysfunction Scores ; Retrospective Studies ; C-Reactive Protein ; ROC Curve ; Sepsis/metabolism* ; Prognosis ; Anticoagulants ; Antithrombin III ; Intensive Care Units

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of tibial transverse bone transport assisted by nose ring drainage (NRD) in the treatment of foot and ankle chronic osteomyelitis.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 32 patients with foot and ankle chronic osteomyelitis who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital from March 2013 to February 2022. The patients were assigned into a study group and a control group. In the control group, there were 12 males and 3 females, aged (39.5±8.8) years. The osteomyelitis was located at the distal tibia in 4 cases, at the talus in 1 case, at the calcaneus in 2 cases, at the midfoot in 4 cases and at the forefoot in 4 cases. According to the Crerny-Mader classification, there were 5 cases of type Ⅰ and 10 cases of type Ⅱ. The control group was treated with Ilizarov transverse tibial bone transport in combination with thorough debridement and anti-infection therapy. In the study group, there were 12 males and 5 females, aged (42.3±13.4) years. The osteomyelitis was located at the distal tibia in 4 cases, at the talus in 1 case, at the calcaneus in 3 cases, at the midfoot in 5 cases and at the forefoot in 4 cases. According to the Crerny-Mader classification, there were 7 cases of type Ⅰ and 10 cases of type Ⅱ. The study group was treated with NRD drainage in addition to the procedures in the control group. The curative effects were evaluated by comparing the cure, recurrence, amputation (toe amputation), antibiotic use time, wound healing time, relevant inflammatory indicators [WBC, neutrophil percentage (NEU), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP)], and postoperative functional recovery between the 2 groups.Results:The 2 groups were comparable because there was no statistically significant difference in the general data between them ( P>0.05). The follow-up period was (36.0±9.8) months. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the cure or amputation (toe amputation) ( P>0.05), but the recurrence rate in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The antibiotic use time [(20.7±3.6) d] and wound healing time [(88.3±17.1) d] in the study group were significantly shorter than those [(37.9±6.5) d and (102.2±22.6) d] in the control group ( P<0.05). The ESR, IL-6 and CRP at 1 week after operation in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the WBC, NEU or PCT at 1 week after operation ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference either in the inflammatory indicators between the 2 groups at 1 month after operation ( P>0.05). In all patients, the inflammatory indicators like WBC, NEU, ESR, PCT, IL-6 and CRP at 1 week and 1 month after operation were significantly better than those before operation, and the Maryland foot functional score at 12 months after operation was significantly higher than the preoperative one ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the Maryland foot functional score at 12 months after operation ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of foot and ankle chronic osteomyelitis, compared with the Ilizarov transverse tibial bone transport, our tibial transverse bone transport assisted by NRD can achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects, shorten antibiotic use time and treatment cycle, and reduce recurrence rate.

Objective:To construct and validate a nomogram model based on clinical factors and PET/CT metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG for predicting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods:From January 2014 to January 2019, 114 patients (59 males, 55 females, age (60.0±10.8) years) with lung adenocarcinoma in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical data (smoking status, tumor location, clinical stage and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level), 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters (SUV max, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG)) and EGFR mutation status were analyzed. Patients were divided into training group (80 cases) and validation group (34 cases). In the training group, univariate analyses (independent-sample t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ2 test or Fisher′s exact probability method) were used for categorical variables. Variables that showed significant differences between EGFR mutation group and wild type group were selected. Variance inflation factors (VIF) were calculated and the collinearity variables were deleted, and a nomogram model of optimal logistic model was constructed based on Akaike information criterion (AIC). The effect of the model was evaluated by the concordance index (C-index), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, calibration and decision curve analysis (DCA) in the training group and the validation group. Results:Among 114 patients, 56 were with EGFR mutations and 58 were with EGFR wild type. In the training group, there were significant differences in gender (male/female: 14/26 vs 25/15; χ2=6.05, P=0.014), smoking status (with/without smoking history: 4/36 vs 22/18; χ2=18.46, P<0.001) and SUV max (5.72(3.90, 8.32) vs 8.09(4.56, 12.55); W=1 045.50, P=0.018) between EGFR mutation group and wild type group. However, there were no significant differences in other factors ( t=-0.54, χ2 values: 0.20 and 0.20, W values: 921.50 and 983.00, all P>0.05). The VIF of gender, smoking status and SUV max were all less than 10, and the nomogram model with three factors showed the minimum AIC (90.06). In the training group, C-index value of the model was 0.798 (95% CI: 0.699-0.897), with the sensitivity of 85.0%(34/40), the specificity of 70.0%(28/40) and the accuracy of 77.5%(62/80). In the validation group, C-index value was 0.854(95% CI: 0.725-0.984), with the sensitivity of 13/16, the specificity of 14/18, and the accuracy of 79.4%(27/34). The calibration curve and the goodness of fit test showed good calibration, and DCA showed that the model could benefit patients clinically within a large risk threshold range (training group: 0-0.59, validation group: 0-0.65). Conclusion:The nomogram model based on gender, smoking status and SUV max can be used to easily predict EGFR mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The dietary agent sulforaphane (SFN) has been reported to reduce diabetes-induced renal fibrosis, as well as inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Bone morphologic protein 7 (BMP-7) has been shown to reduce renal fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor-beta1. The aim of this study was to investigate the epigenetic effect of SFN on BMP-7 expression in diabetes-induced renal fibrosis. Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and age-matched controls were subcutaneously injected with SFN or vehicle for 4 months to measure the in vivo effects of SFN on the kidneys. The human renal proximal tubular (HK11) cell line was used to mimic diabetic conditions in vitro. HK11 cells were transfected to over-express HDAC2 and treated with high glucose/palmitate (HG/Pal) to explore the epigenetic modulation of BMP-7 in SFN-mediated protection against HG/Pal-induced renal fibrosis. Results: SFN significantly attenuated diabetes-induced renal fibrosis in vivo. Among all of the HDACs we detected, HDAC2 activity was markedly elevated in the STZ-induced diabetic kidneys and HG/Pal-treated HK11 cells. SFN inhibited the diabetes-induced increase in HDAC2 activity which was associated with histone acetylation and transcriptional activation of the BMP-7 promoter. HDAC2 over-expression reduced BMP-7 expression and abolished the SFN-mediated protection against HG/Pal-induced fibrosis in vitro. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the HDAC inhibitor SFN protects against diabetes-induced renal fibrosis through epigenetic up-regulation of BMP-7.