Objective To investigate the post-discharge exercise behavior and factors influencing moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in patients undergoing lung surgery. Methods A total of 2874 patients from the large prospective, observational perioperative lung symptom study cohort (CN-PRO-Lung 3) in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Sichuan Cancer Hospital between April 7, 2021, and January 31, 2024, were selected as the survey subjects. A survey was conducted using the Investigation of Exercise Behavior after Lung Surgery questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) among patients who underwent lung surgery. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing patients’ engagement in MVPA. Results A total of 702 patients were surveyed, including 252 males and 450 females, with an average age of (52.4±10.2) years. Patients with lung cancer accounted for 85.9%. Only 36.0% of the patients had regular exercise habits, while 42.3% did not engage in any physical activity. The three main barriers for postoperative exercise were physical discomfort (pain, coughing, shortness of breath, etc, 54.7%), lack of professional guidance (41.7%), and concerns about the surgical wound (28.9%). The proportions of patients engaging in vigorous, moderate, and low-intensity physical activity were 5.7%, 28.2%, and 66.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with a personal annual income ≥50000 yuan (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.01-2.29, P=0.044), high school education or above (OR=1.92, 95%CI 1.33-2.76, P<0.001), and lobectomy (OR=1.44, 95%CI 1.02-2.03, P=0.037) engaged in more MVPA. Conclusion Patients undergoing lung surgery have inadequate physical activity after discharge, particularly lacking in MVPA. Patients with higher income, higher educational levels, and lobectomy are more frequently engaged in MVPA. Measures such as symptom control, providing exercise guidance, and enhancing education on wound care may potentially improve the inadequate physical activity in lung surgery patients after discharge.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant lesion originating from the oral mucosal squamous epithelium,account-ing for over 80％of oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Key etiological factors include tobacco,alcohol abuse,and betel quid chewing.In China,its incidence has shown an overall upward trend,posing a significant threat to public health.OSCC exhibits high local invasive-ness,making early diagnosis critical for improving prognosis.Its clinical management requires close multidisciplinary collaboration among oral and maxillofacial surgery,head and neck surgery,radiation oncology,medical oncology,reconstructive surgery,radiology,patholo-gy,and nutritional support teams.Given the increasing disease burden of OSCC and rapid development of multidisciplinary collaborative models,an expert panel has formulated this integrated management consensus based on evidence-based medicine and extensive deliber-ation.Centered on the'Prevention-Screening-Diagnosis-Treatment-Rehabilitation'framework,the consensus provides comprehensive guidance for the entire disease course of OSCC patients,aiming to standardize clinical practice.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout became typical metabolic disorders characterized by multiple pathogenic factors. Their incidence increased annually, affecting younger populations. Given that uric acid (UA) and inflammation were the primary disease mechanisms, the search for effective and low-side-effect UA-lowering and anti-inflammatory drugs became a pressing scientific priority. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) encompassed a rich array of theoretical and practical experience, along with a diverse range of chemical substances, making herbs or their components potential sources for therapeutic drugs. Despite the significant role that modern herbal medicines played in treating HUA and gout, the existing research literature remained fragmented, lacking comprehensive and systematic reviews. In this review, we focused on the regulation of UA and summarized the discovery of UA-lowering pharmacodynamic components or ingredients derived from herbs and formulas, as well as their multi-targeted mechanisms of action. Emphasizing this focus, we proposed that, compared to acute inflammation, low-grade inflammation may play a relatively "unnoticed" role in the disease process. In contrast to Western medicine, we discussed the risks and benefits of herbal medicines and their ingredients for treatment, drawing from theoretical insights and clinical practice. This review offered comprehensive perspectives on the research into anti-HUA and gout treatments using herbal medicines and their natural products. Additionally, it provided a forward-looking view on natural product discovery, the exploration of therapeutic strategies, and new drug research in this field.

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Peptide-based therapies have attracted considerable interest in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, bacterial infections, and neurodegenerative diseases due to their promising therapeutic properties and enhanced safety profiles. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major trends in peptide drug discovery and development, emphasizing preclinical strategies aimed at improving peptide stability, specificity, and pharmacokinetic properties. It assesses the current applications and challenges of peptide-based drugs in these diseases, illustrating the pharmaceutical areas where peptide-based drugs demonstrate significant potential. Furthermore, this review analyzes the obstacles that must be overcome in the future, aiming to provide valuable insights and references for the continued advancement of peptide-based drugs.
Humans ; Peptides/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Drug Discovery ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy* ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy*

Background: and Purpose Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute posterior circulation tandem lesion (PCTL). This study aimed to explore the role of extracranial vertebral artery (VA) stenting in patients with PCTL stroke undergoing EVT. Methods: Individual patient data were pooled from the BASILAR (EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) and PERSIST (Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke) registries. Patients with PCTLs who underwent EVT were included in the present cohort and divided into the stenting and nonstenting groups based on the placement of extracranial VA stents. The primary efficacy outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and 1 year. Safety outcomes included 24-hour symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year post-surgery. Results: A combined dataset of 1,320 patients with posterior circulation artery occlusion, including 263 (19.9%) with tandem lesions, of whom 217 (median age, 65 years; 82.9% male) met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The stenting group had 84 (38.7%) patients, while the non-stenting group had 133 (61.3%). After adjustment for the potential confounders, extracranial VA stenting was associated with favorable shifts in mRS scores at both 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–4.28; P<0.01) and 1 year (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.04; 95% CI [1.05–3.97]; P=0.04), along with lower rate of mortality at both 90 days (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI [0.21–0.93]; P=0.01) and 1 year (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI [0.16–0.79]; P=0.01), with no significant difference in sICH incidence (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI [0.06–1.98]; P=0.24). Conclusion Extracranial VA stenting during EVT may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with PCTL strokes.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism of buprenorphine in attenuating neuroinflammation in microglia and the MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor gene 1 ( MDGA1). Methods:The human microglial cell line HMC-3 was cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a table of random numbers: control group (Con group), lipopolysaccharide(LPS)group, buprenorphine + LPS group (Bup+ LPS group) and buprenorphine + LPS + MDGA1 knockdown group (Bup+ LPS+ shMDGA1 group). LPS group was incubated with LPS at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml for 4 h. Bup+ LPS group was incubated with buprenorphine at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml for 1 h, followed by incubation with LPS at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml for 4 h. Bup+ LPS+ shMDGA1 group was transfected with MDGA1-specific shorthairpin RNA for knockdown, and the remaining treatment was similar to those previously described in Bup+ LPS group. The expression of MDGA1 in microglia was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:Compared with Con group, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant were significantly increased, and the expression of MDGA1 in microglia was down-regulated in LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant were significantly decreased, and the expression of MDGA1 in microglia was up-regulated in Bup+ LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with Bup+ LPS group, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant were significantly increased, and the expression of MDGA1 in microglia was down-regulated in Bup+ LPS+ sh MDGA1 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which buprenorphine alleviates neuroinflammation in microglia may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of MDGA1.

BACKGROUND:Excessive apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells will destroy the dynamic balance of the number of myocytes,leading to pathological injury of skeletal muscle.Lijin manipulation is effective in treating skeletal muscle injury,but whether it can inhibit apoptosis and promote the repair of skeletal muscle injury is unknown.OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism by which Lijin manipulation reduces inflammation and apoptosis during the repair of skeletal muscle injury in rabbits.METHODS:Forty-five healthy adult Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into blank group,model group and Lijin group(n=15 per group).No intervention was performed in the blank group.Gastrocnemius muscle percussion molding was performed in both the model group and Lijin group.After modeling,the model group was not treated,while the Lijin manipulation(Stroking,kneading,and rubbing)was performed in the Lijin group on the 3rd day,once a day,15 min/time.Sampling in each group was performed on the 7th,14th and 21st days after modeling.The general morphological structure of gastrocnemius was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The ultrastructure of gastrocnemius muscle was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Apoptosis of gastrocnemius cells was observed by TUNEL staining.The expressions of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in gastrocnemius muscle were detected by ELISA.The protein expressions of BAX,BCL-2 and Caspase3 in gastrocnemius muscle were detected by western blot.The mRNA expression of BAX and BCL-2 was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that compared with the model group,inflammatory cells decreased in number,myocyte amount increased,and muscle tissue gradually healed in the Lijin group at each observation point.(2)The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that compared with the model group,the arrangement of muscle fibers at each observation point in the Lijin group was gradually orderly,mitochondria were gradually complete,Z-line arrangement was gradually regular,and free ribosomes were gathered.(3)TUNEL staining results showed that compared with the model group,apoptosis rate in the Lijin group was gradually decreased at all observation points(P<0.05).(4)ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the expression of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in the Lijin group continued to decrease(P<0.05),while the expression of interleukin-10 increased on the 7th day after modeling,and then showed a downward trend(P<0.05).(5)Western blot results showed that compared with the model group,the expression of BCL-2 protein/BAX protein in the Lijin group was significantly increased at each observational point(P<0.05).The protein expression of Caspase3 decreased significantly(P<0.001),and was gradually similar to that of the blank group.(6)RT-PCR results showed that compared with the model group,the mRNA expression level of BCL-2/BAX in the Lijin group was significantly higher at each observational point(P<0.05).To conclude,Lijin manipulation can inhibit inflammation,reduce apoptosis,and promote the repair of injured skeletal muscle.