N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), an emerging posttranscriptional RNA modification, plays a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation. Ac4C is detected not only in tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA, but also in miRNA, lncRNA, viral RNA, and even DNA. Functionally, ac4C stabilizes mRNA, enhances protein translation fidelity, and impacts various biological processes and diseases such as cancer, inflammation, immune regulation, neural diseases, osteogenic differentiation, cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, and replication. Current research primarily focuses on ac4C's roles in cancer progression and immunity, with emerging findings in gynecological diseases and reproduction. However, a comprehensive understanding of ac4C's implications in reproductive health is lacking. This review provides a historical perspective on ac4C's discovery and detection methods, elucidates its functions in reproductive development and gynecological disorders, and offers insights for further research in reproductive health. This review aims to pave the way for innovative therapeutic approaches and precise diagnostic tools tailored to this field.
Humans ; Reproductive Health ; Cytidine/genetics* ; Animals ; Female ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; RNA/genetics*

Objective To explore the current status of medical technology anxiety experienced by elder-ly patients during the use of digital healthcare technology and its influencing factors.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 552 elderly patients from 10 hospitals in Liaoning Province as study sub-jects.A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the technology anxiety scale,ehealth literacy scale,self-ef-ficacy scale,and family APGAR index.Results The smart healthcare medical technology anxiety scale score for older patients was(44.93±14.30)points,and the ehealth literacy scale score was(25.29±9.61)points.Smart healthcare medical technology anxiety in older patients was negatively correlated with ehealth literacy,self-efficacy,and family care index(r=-0.299,-0.336,-0.304,P<0.01).Multiple linear regression showed that age,education level,living situation,monthly income,household registration,presence of chronic disease,ehealth literacy,self-efficacy,and family care index were influencing factors for smart healthcare medi-cal technology anxiety in older patients(P<0.05),collectively explaining 35.8%of the variance.Conclusion Ol-der patients exhibit a moderate-to-high level of smart healthcare medical technology anxiety,while their ehealth litera-cy remains at a low level.

Bisphenols are widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonates and plastics. With the restriction and banning of bisphenol A (BPA), a typical representative of bisphenols, bisphenol S (BPS) has been widely used in the manufacture of various polymers as the main alternative to BPA. Humans are exposed to BPS through a variety of routes, and BPS is detected in food, environment, and human blood and excreta. Concerns about the safety of BPS have become an important issue, especially for pregnant women and fetuses. The results of several studies support that prenatal exposure to BPS have multiple adverse effects on the offspring. In particular, prenatal BPS exposure may affect maternal and offspring metabolic homeostasis and increase the risk of abnormal lipid metabolism in the offspring. This paper summarized the results of studies on BPS exposure and abnormal lipid metabolism. In addition, this review explored potential mechanisms of BPS, including its possible influence on lipid metabolism through interference with hormone receptors, activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), induction of oxidative stress and inflammatory states, and epigenetic effects. These findings emphasized the importance of more in-depth research on BPS and its potential effects to better understand its impact on human health and to provide a basis for developing appropriate public health measures to reduce the risk of BPS exposure.

OBJECTIVES: Safe and effective anticoagulation is essential for hemodialysis patients who are at high risk of bleeding. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two-stage regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) combined with sequential anticoagulation and standard calcium-containing dialysate in intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) treatment. METHODS: Patients at high risk of bleeding who underwent IHD from September 2019 to May 2021 were prospectively enrolled in 13 blood purification centers of nephrology departments, and were randomly divided into RCA group and saline flushing group. In the RCA group, 0.04 g/mL sodium citrate was infused from the start of the dialysis line during blood draining and at the venous expansion chamber. The sodium citrate was stopped after 3 h of dialysis, which was changed to sequential dialysis without anticoagulant. The hazard ratios for coagulation were according to baseline. RESULTS: A total of 159 patients and 208 sessions were enrolled, including RCA group (80 patients, 110 sessions) and saline flushing group (79 patients, 98 sessions). The incidence of severe coagulation events of extracorporeal circulation in the RCA group was significantly lower than that in the saline flushing group (3.64% vs. 20.41%, P<0.001). The survival time of the filter pipeline in the RCA group was significantly longer than that in the saline flushing group ((238.34±9.33) min vs. (221.73±34.10) min, P<0.001). The urea clearance index (Kt/V) in the RCA group was similar to that in the saline flushing group with no statistically significant difference (1.12±0.34 vs. 1.08±0.34, P=0.41). CONCLUSIONS Compared with saline flushing, the two-stage RCA combined with a sequential anticoagulation strategy significantly reduced extracorporeal circulation clotting events and prolonged the dialysis time without serious adverse events.
Humans ; Citric Acid/adverse effects* ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium Citrate ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced* ; Citrates/adverse effects* ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects* ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects*

Objective:To explore the clinical value of application of Teach-back education model in the process of health education for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 100 COPD patients admitted to Huzhou Central Hospital from March 2018 to March 2019 were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into the control group and the study group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group adopted conventional health education, while the intervention group adopted Teach-back education model on the basis of conventional health education. COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores, blood gas indexes, lung function indexes of patients of the two groups before and after the intervention, as well as the recurrence and readmission status were compared and analyzed 3 months after discharge.Results:After intervention, CAT score of the study group was lower than that of the control group, blood gas analysis indexes such as partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) , partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2) and blood oxygen saturation (SaO 2) were better than those of the control group, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV 1/FVC) levels were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) .Three months after discharge, the frequency of disease attacks in the study group was less than that in the control group and the readmission rate was lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The use of Teach-back education model in health education for COPD patients can significantly improve the patients' respiratory symptoms, improve lung function, PaO 2 and SaO 2, reduce the recurrence and readmission of patients and optimize quality of life of patients, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To investigate the effect of tripterygium glycosides (TG) contained serurn on the pathological boneforming related inflammatory markers and miR-21.Methods Previous isolated and cultured AS fibroblasts were stimulated using IL-1 of 1ng/ml for 24h,different concentrations of blank serum (5％,10％,and 15％) and TG contained serum (5％,10％,and 15％) were added for 48h.PGE-2,IL-17,IL-22,IL-23,CCL19 and CCL21 proteins were examined by Western blot.The osteogenesis marker BMP and microRNA-21 mRNAs were tested.Results 48 h after intervention,the expressions of inflammatory markers were obviously inhibited by TG contained serum;the boncforming related inflammatory markers,expressions of BMP-2 and miR-2t were all inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions TG could inhibit the expressions of boneforming related inflammatory markers,BMP-2 and miR-21,thus providing theoretical basis to treat AS pathological boneforming.

Objective To observe the expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and collagen in local skin tissue of pressure ulcer of rats,and to explore the possible mechanism of the pathogenesis of pressure ulcer.Methods Forty male SD rats were divided into normal control group,3 d compression group,5 d compression group,7 d compression group,and 9 d compression group according to the random number table,with 8 rats in each group.The rats in normal control group did not receive any treatment,whereas the rats in the latter 4 groups were established the deep tissue injury model (3 d compression group) and pressure ulcer model (the other 3 groups) on the gracilis muscle on both hind limbs using a way of cycle compression of ischemia-reperfusion magnet.The rats in 3 d compression group received only three cycles of compression,while the compressed skin of the rats in 5 d compression group,7 d compression group,and 9 d compression group were cut through and received pressure to 5,7 and 9 cycles after three cycles of compression,respectively.The rats in 3 d compression group were sacrificed immediately after receiving compression for 3 d (the rats in normal control group were sacrificed at the same time),and the rats in the other 3 groups were respectively sacrificed after receiving compression for 5,7,and 9 d,and the skin tissue on the central part of gracilis muscle on both hind limbs were harvested.The morphology of the skin tissue was observed with HE staining.The expression of collagen fiber was observed with Masson staining.The expressions of collagen type Ⅳ and MMP-2 were detected by immunohistochemical method.The expressions of TNF-α and phosphorylated NF kappa B (NF-κB) were determined by Western blotting.Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and LSD test.Results (1) In normal control group,the skin tissue of rats was stratified squamous epithelium,with the clear skin structure,and there was no obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells.In 3 d compression group,the skin layers of rats were clear,with quite a few fibroblasts,and the inflammatory cells began to infiltrate.In 5 d compression group,7 d compression group,and 9 d compression group,the epidermis of rats thickened,with the number of fibroblasts reduced,and the infiltration of inflammatory cells enhanced with the compressed time prolonging.(2) In normal control group,the collagen fibers in skin tissue of rats were arranged in order,with rich content.In 3 d compression group,the collagen fibers in skin tissue of rats were arranged orderly,with high expression level,which was similar to that in normal control group (P ＞ 0.05).In 5 d compression group and 7 d compression group,the collagen fibers in skin tissue of rats were arranged in disorder,with the expression level gradually reduced,which were significantly lower than that in normal control group (with P values below 0.01).In 9 d compression group,the expression of collagen fiber in skin tissue of rats was a little higher than that in 7 d compression group,but it was still significantly lower than that in normal control group (P ＜ 0.01).(3) The expressions of collagen type Ⅳ in skin tissue of rats in normal control group,3 d compression group,5 d compression group,7 d compression group,and 9 d compression group were respectively 11.0 ± 2.8,9.0 ± 1.7,8.3 ± 2.8,5.1 ± 1.8,and 5.4 ± 1.2.The expression of collagen type Ⅳ in skin tissue of rats in 3 d compression group was similar to that in normal control group (P ＞ 0.05).The expressions of collagen type Ⅳ in skin tissue of rats in 5 d compression group,7 d compression group,and 9 d compression group were significantly lower than that in normal control group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0.01).The expression of MMP-2 in skin tissue of rats in 3 d compression group was similar to that in normal control group (P ＞ 0.05).The expressions of MMP-2 in skin tissue of rats in 5 d compression group,7 d compression group,and 9 d compression group were significantly higher than that in normal control group (P ＜0.05 orP ＜0.01).(4) The expression of TNF-α in skin tissue of rats in normal controlgroup was 0.48 ± 0.11,and the expressions of TNF-α in skin tissue of rats in 3 d compression group,5 d compression group,7 d compression group,and 9 d compression group were respectively 0.84 ± 0.08,1.13 ± 0.19,1.34 ± 0.16,and 1.52 ± 0.23,which were all significantly higher than that in normal control group (with P values below 0.01).The expressions of phosphorylated NF-κB in skin tissue of rats in 3 d compression group and 9 d compression group were similar to that in normal control group (with P values above 0.05),and the expressions of phosphorylated NF-κB in skin tissue of rats in 5 d compression group and 7 d compression group were significantly higher than that in normal control group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The high expression of MMP-2 and reduction of collagen induced by inflammatory reaction mediated by the high expression of TNF-α in local skin tissue of pressure ulcer of rats may be one of the important reasons for the formation of pressure ulcer.

Objective:To review the application of microemulsions as vehicles in transdermal delivery systems. Methods:Based on the recently published papers, the research on the application of microemulsions was classified and summarized. Results: Microe-mulsions is extensively applied as drug vehicles due to the ability of solubilization, drug permeation enhancement and efficacy improve-ment. Conclusion:Microemulsions as promising vehicles for transdermal delivery show a good application prospect.

The stratum corneum barrier and the other issues in transdermal drug delivery system have attracted more and more at-tention, and the novel liposomes as the drug delivery vehicles effectively solve the problems. The novel liposomes can significantly im-prove transdermal drug penetration, therefore, can enhance efficacy and shows high application value and development prospects. In the paper, combined with some domestic and foreign current researches, the classification, penetration mechanisms and application of the novel liposomes were reviewed.