OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of pachymic acid on renal injury in pregnancy induced hypertension （PIH） rats by regulating the silent information regulator transcript 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α （Sirt1/PGC-1α） pathway. METHODS Pregnant SD rats were prepared by co-caging and PIH model was induced using N-nitro-L- arginine methyl ester （L-NAME） method. PIH rats were randomly divided into model group， L-pachymic acid （low-dose pachymic acid， 10 mg/kg） group， H-pachymic acid （high-dose pachymic acid， 20 mg/kg） group， and H-pachymic acid+EX527 （20 mg/kg pachymic acid+10 mg/kg EX527） group， with 6 rats in each group. Another 6 normal pregnant rats were selected as blank group. Each group was given relevant medicine or solvent intragastrically or intraperitoneally daily， once a day， for 28 consecutive days. After the last administration， 24 h urinary protein and tail artery systolic blood pressure （SBP） were measured in pregnant rats from each group， along with the levels of serum creatinine （Scr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN），uric acid （UA）， and cystatin C （Cys-C）. The contents of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine （8-OHdG） in renal tissue， as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of Sirt1 and PGC-1α， were also determined. Meanwhile， renal histopathological changes in rats from each group were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining. RESULTS Compared with model group， L-pachymic acid group and H-pachymic acid group exhibited significant decreases in 24 h urine protein quantification， tail artery SBP， Scr， BUN， UA， Cys-C levels， glomerulosclerosis index score of renal tissue， renal tubular injury score， the percentage of PAS positive area， MDA and 8-OHdG （P＜0.05）. Conversely， the contents of SOD and GSH-Px， along with the mRNA and protein expression levels of Sirt1 and PGC-1α， were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Moreover， these improvements were more pronounced in H-pachymic acid group （P＜0.05）. Compared with H-pachymic acid group， the aforementioned indicators in pregnant rats from the H-pachymic acid+EX527 group showed significant reversal （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Pachymic acid significantly ameliorates renal injury induced by PIH in rats， potentially through activation of the Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway.

Over the past decade, the field of bone tumor pathology in China has made remarkable progress. These achievements are reflected not only in the innovation and standardization of diagnostic techniques, which have significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, but also in the in-depth exploration of tumor pathogenesis and the continuous refinement of treatment protocols. More than one hundred research papers on bone tumor pathology published in the Chinese Journal of Pathology stand as a testament to the relentless efforts and practical contributions of Chinese pathologists in this field. On the occasion of the Chinese Journal of Pathology′s 70th anniversary, we summarize the progress in bone tumor pathology while also looking forward to the future, aiming to promote greater advancements in this field.

OBJECTIVE T o carry out the health economics evaluation and cost-benefit analysis of the type b Hae-mophilus influenzae(Hib)vaccination for the children who were hospitalized due to Hib infection so as to provide evidence for public health policies.METHODS The children who were diagnosed with Hib-related respiratory tract infections or meningitis and were hospitalized in respiratory medicine department,infection management depart-ment,emergency rooms and neurology department of Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from Jan.1,2021 to Dec.31,2023 were recruited as the research subjects.Based on a 1∶1 matching condition,the matching variables included four items such as the same age for the admission to the hospital,same gender,same department and same grade of disease severity.The children for whom the primary immunization of Hib vaccination(including Hib monovalent vaccine and Hib-containing combination vaccine)were completed and the integrity of vaccination infor-mation could be checked out were assigned as the intervention group,while the children for whom the primary im-munization of Hib vaccination was not completed were chosen as the control group.The clinical data,vaccination data and the data such as length of hospital stay and hospitalization cost were collected from the children.The cost-benefit of the Hib vaccination among the children with Hib infection was observed.RESULTS A total of 622 hospi-talized children who were detected with Hib-positive respiratory tract infections or meningitis were enrolled in the study,and 73 children(20 children from infection management department,27 children from respiratory medi-cine department,26 children from emergency rooms)were finally included in the intervention group after matc-hing and multiple rounds of screening,73 children were chosen as the control group based on a 1∶1 matching con-dition.The male children accounted for 57.53％(42 cases)in both groups,and the female children accounted for 42.47％(31 cases)in both groups.With the respect to the length of hospital stay,it was 7.00(5.00,8.00)days in the intervention group,7.00(6.00,8.00)days in the control group(Z=-0.341,P=0.733).In terms of the hospitalization cost,it was 7 756.17(6 617.92,10 617.69)yuan in the intervention group,9 040.65(8 033.76,10 935.84)yuan in the control group(Z=-2.795,P=0.005).The cost of Hib vaccination was 343.03 yuan per capita in the intervention group,and the benefit-cost ratio(BCR)was 1∶3.74(343.03 yuan/1 284.48 yuan).CONCLUSIONS The Hib vaccination can save the hospitalization cost and has high cost effectiveness.It is sugges-ted that the Hib vaccination should be promoted and the coverage rate of Hib vaccination should be raised among the age-eligible children.

Objective:To identify tumor-infiltrating immune cells that affect the prognosis of endometrial cancer(EC)with no specific molecular profile(NSMP)subtypeand to establish an integrated prognostic model based on immune cells.Methods:Gene expression data,whole exome sequencing data,and corresponding clinical infor-mation for EC patients were obtained from the The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The CIBERSORTx algorithm was used to evaluate the infiltration levels of 22 types of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,along with univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identi-fy immune cells with prognostic values.A prognostic nomogram was subsequently developed based on significant immune cells and clinicopathological parameters.Results:A total of 169 EC patients classified as NSMP subtype-swere included in this study.Among them 123 patients(72.8％)were aged＜70 years,and 152 patients(89.9％)had type Ⅰ tumors.Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the proportion of plasma cells(P＜0.001),M1 macrophages(P=0.038)and activated NK cells(P=0.01)were significantly associated with overall survival.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the proportion of activated NK cells(proportion ≥0.027:HR 0.23,95％CI 0.08-0.66,P=0.006),age(≥70 years:HR4.59,95％CI 1.80-11.70,P=0.001)and tumor stage(stage Ⅱ:HR3.87,95％CI 1.18-12.70,P=0.026;stage Ⅲ:HR 6.08,95％CI 1.69-21.87,P=0.006;Ⅳ stage:HR 10.81,95％CI 3.07-38.08,P＜0.001)are independent prognostic indicators for NSMP tumors.A nomogram model was estab-lished by combining activation of NK cells,tumor stage and patient age.Internal cross-validation showed that the integrated prognostic model exhibited good predictive ability for the overall survival rates of patients(P＜0.001).Conclusions:Elevated tumor-infiltrating activated NK cells serve as an independent prognostic indicator for NSMP-subtype EC patients.When integrated with tumor stage and age,they form a robust multivariable prognos-tic model with superior predictive power.

Objective:To identify tumor-infiltrating immune cells that affect the prognosis of endometrial cancer(EC)with no specific molecular profile(NSMP)subtypeand to establish an integrated prognostic model based on immune cells.Methods:Gene expression data,whole exome sequencing data,and corresponding clinical infor-mation for EC patients were obtained from the The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The CIBERSORTx algorithm was used to evaluate the infiltration levels of 22 types of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,along with univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identi-fy immune cells with prognostic values.A prognostic nomogram was subsequently developed based on significant immune cells and clinicopathological parameters.Results:A total of 169 EC patients classified as NSMP subtype-swere included in this study.Among them 123 patients(72.8％)were aged＜70 years,and 152 patients(89.9％)had type Ⅰ tumors.Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the proportion of plasma cells(P＜0.001),M1 macrophages(P=0.038)and activated NK cells(P=0.01)were significantly associated with overall survival.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the proportion of activated NK cells(proportion ≥0.027:HR 0.23,95％CI 0.08-0.66,P=0.006),age(≥70 years:HR4.59,95％CI 1.80-11.70,P=0.001)and tumor stage(stage Ⅱ:HR3.87,95％CI 1.18-12.70,P=0.026;stage Ⅲ:HR 6.08,95％CI 1.69-21.87,P=0.006;Ⅳ stage:HR 10.81,95％CI 3.07-38.08,P＜0.001)are independent prognostic indicators for NSMP tumors.A nomogram model was estab-lished by combining activation of NK cells,tumor stage and patient age.Internal cross-validation showed that the integrated prognostic model exhibited good predictive ability for the overall survival rates of patients(P＜0.001).Conclusions:Elevated tumor-infiltrating activated NK cells serve as an independent prognostic indicator for NSMP-subtype EC patients.When integrated with tumor stage and age,they form a robust multivariable prognos-tic model with superior predictive power.

OBJECTIVE T o carry out the health economics evaluation and cost-benefit analysis of the type b Hae-mophilus influenzae(Hib)vaccination for the children who were hospitalized due to Hib infection so as to provide evidence for public health policies.METHODS The children who were diagnosed with Hib-related respiratory tract infections or meningitis and were hospitalized in respiratory medicine department,infection management depart-ment,emergency rooms and neurology department of Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from Jan.1,2021 to Dec.31,2023 were recruited as the research subjects.Based on a 1∶1 matching condition,the matching variables included four items such as the same age for the admission to the hospital,same gender,same department and same grade of disease severity.The children for whom the primary immunization of Hib vaccination(including Hib monovalent vaccine and Hib-containing combination vaccine)were completed and the integrity of vaccination infor-mation could be checked out were assigned as the intervention group,while the children for whom the primary im-munization of Hib vaccination was not completed were chosen as the control group.The clinical data,vaccination data and the data such as length of hospital stay and hospitalization cost were collected from the children.The cost-benefit of the Hib vaccination among the children with Hib infection was observed.RESULTS A total of 622 hospi-talized children who were detected with Hib-positive respiratory tract infections or meningitis were enrolled in the study,and 73 children(20 children from infection management department,27 children from respiratory medi-cine department,26 children from emergency rooms)were finally included in the intervention group after matc-hing and multiple rounds of screening,73 children were chosen as the control group based on a 1∶1 matching con-dition.The male children accounted for 57.53％(42 cases)in both groups,and the female children accounted for 42.47％(31 cases)in both groups.With the respect to the length of hospital stay,it was 7.00(5.00,8.00)days in the intervention group,7.00(6.00,8.00)days in the control group(Z=-0.341,P=0.733).In terms of the hospitalization cost,it was 7 756.17(6 617.92,10 617.69)yuan in the intervention group,9 040.65(8 033.76,10 935.84)yuan in the control group(Z=-2.795,P=0.005).The cost of Hib vaccination was 343.03 yuan per capita in the intervention group,and the benefit-cost ratio(BCR)was 1∶3.74(343.03 yuan/1 284.48 yuan).CONCLUSIONS The Hib vaccination can save the hospitalization cost and has high cost effectiveness.It is sugges-ted that the Hib vaccination should be promoted and the coverage rate of Hib vaccination should be raised among the age-eligible children.

Over the past decade, the field of bone tumor pathology in China has made remarkable progress. These achievements are reflected not only in the innovation and standardization of diagnostic techniques, which have significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, but also in the in-depth exploration of tumor pathogenesis and the continuous refinement of treatment protocols. More than one hundred research papers on bone tumor pathology published in the Chinese Journal of Pathology stand as a testament to the relentless efforts and practical contributions of Chinese pathologists in this field. On the occasion of the Chinese Journal of Pathology′s 70th anniversary, we summarize the progress in bone tumor pathology while also looking forward to the future, aiming to promote greater advancements in this field.

ObjectiveTo study the anti-inflammatory effects of Blumea balsamifera （L.） DC oil （BBO） based on nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） nonclassical and arachidonic acid （AA） pathway. MethodsEffects of BBO on the production of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis （SRS-A） were detected by the ileal smooth muscle method. The contents of prostaglandin E₂ （PGE₂） and leukotriene B₄ （LTB₄） in lipopolysaccharides （LPS） -induced macrophages were detected by ELISA kit. The expression of COX-2， 5-LOX， FLAP and RelB were detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot was performed to detect the effects of BBO on the level of NF-κB nonclassical pathway proteins TNF receptor associated factor 3 （TRAF3）， TNF receptor associated factor 2 （TRAF2）， NF-κB-inducing kinase （NIK）， p100 and RelB. ResultsThe contractile tension of guinea pig ileum was reduced （P<0.001）， and the SRS-A production inhibition rate reached 65.34% at 1mg·mL^-1 BBO concentration. Compared with LPS group， BBO reduced the concentrations of PGE₂ （P<0.05） and LTB₄ （P<0.05）_， and decreased the expressions of COX-2 （P<0.05）， 5-LOX （P<0.05） and FLAP （P<0.05） in AA pathway at concentrations of 40-80 μg·mL^-1. Moreover， 40-80 μg·mL^-1 BBO decreased the concentrations of TRAF3 （P<0.05）， TRAF2 （P<0.05）， and NIK （P<0.05）， and further inhibited the phosphorylation of p100 （P<0.05）， as well as the level of the transcription factor RelB in genes （P<0.05） and proteins （P<0.05） in nonclassical NF-κB pathway， whereas BBO did not cause such changes. ConclusionBBO may potentially exert its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the regulatory proteins TRAF3 and TRAF2 and the transcription factor RelB in NF-κB nonclassical pathway. The inhibitory action extending to the induction kinase function of NIK， further hindering the phosphorylation of p100 and its binding with the transcription factor RelB. Consequently， downstream elements in the AA pathway， including the pivotal rate-limiting enzymes COX-2， 5-LOX and FLAP， were altered. This modulation influences the levels of inflammatory mediators such as PGE₂ and LTB₄.

Objective To investigate the clinical utility of ultrasound parameters in diagnosing neonatal annular pancreas.Methods A total of 56 neonates with descending duodenal obstruction underwent saline-contrast ultrasound examination.Ultrasonic parameters,including dilated duodenum diameter(DDD),dilated duodenum thickness(DDT),and stenosis duodenum diameter(SDD),were measured.The cases were categorized into three groups:annular pancreas(group A,n=28),descending duodenal atresia(group B,n=3),and descending duodenal septum(group C,n=25).One-way ANOVA was employed to compare statistical differences among the three ultrasonic parameters across the groups,followed by LSD-t test for pairwise comparisons between two groups showing significant differences.Receiver operating characteristics analysis was conducted to calculate the area under the curve and determine the cut-off value if there were statistically significant differences observed.Results In group A,group B,group C,the diameters of DDD were measured as(23.2±2.4)mm,(25±1.0)mm,(19.4±2.6)mm,respectively.When comparing these three groups,there was a statistically significant difference between group A or group B and group C in terms of DDD diameter measurements(t=5.7,P＜0.05;t=3.793,P＜0.05).However,no statistically significant difference was observed between group A and group B for DDD diameter measurements(t=1.232,P＞0.05).The corresponding values for DDT were measured as(3.0±0.6)mm,(3.2±0.4)mm,and(2.4±0.3)mm,respectively.When comparing these three groups,the results showed a statistically significant differ-ence between either Group A or Group B compared to Group C in terms of DDT measurement(t=4.695,P＜0.05;t=2.778,P＜0.05).However,no statistically significant difference was found between Group A and Group B regard-ing the measurement of DDT(t=0.666,P＞0.05).The SDD measurements in the three groups were(1.9±0.3)mm,(3.6±0.8)mm,(5.5±0.7)mm,respectively.Statistical analysis using LSD-t test revealed significant differences between the three groups(t=5.521,P＜0.05;t=6.142,P＜0.05;t=25.828,P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value for detecting annular pancreas at a cutoff of 2.3 mm were determined to be 96.4%,100%,100%,and 96.6%,respectively,with an area under the receiver operating charac-teristic curve of 0.999.Conclusion SDD could be employed for the diagnosis of neonatal annular pancreas.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1(TRPV1) channel is a non-selective ligand-gated cationic channel with multiple activation mechanisms in the transient receptor potential subfamily. In recent years, a large number of studies have found that TRPV1 plays an important role in the field of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. With the in-depth study of traditional Chinese medicine, it has been found that Chinese medicine monomers and their active components can activate or inhibit TRPV1 channels, which has certain potential in the study of cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, the role of TRPV1 channel in cardiovascular diseases and the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases based on TRPV1 channel are reviewed, in order to provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular system diseases.