The pathogenesis and progression of depression are closely associated with functional dysregula-tion in the brain's reward and emotion-modulating circuits.As the central hub of the reward system,the nucleus accumbens(NAc)forms aberrant neural circuits with multiple brain regions-including the ventral tegmental area(VTA),medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC),amygdala(AMY),hippocampus(HIP),and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus(PVT)-which have been empirically linked to depressive symptomatology.Acupuncture,with its multi-target therapeutic profile,aligns well with the multifactorial and multisystem dysregulation characteristic of depressive disorders.This review systematically examines the functional alterations of the NAc-centered neural circuitry in depression and explores the potential mechanisms of acupuncture intervention.Evidence suggests that acupuncture holistically ameliorates depression by:modulating dopaminergic transmission in the VTA-NAc pathway,enhancing neurotransmitter equilibrium in the mPFC-NAc circuit,bidirectionally regulating emotional stability via the AMY-NAc loop,attenuating HIP-NAc glutamatergic hyperactivity,and optimizing excitatory signaling in the thalamus-NAc circuit.Furthermore,this synthesis emphasizes a systems-level integration of circuit mechanisms,highlighting both the clinical applicability of acupuncture in depression treatment and recent advances in mechanistic research.The findings provide robust theoretical foundations and practical guidance for clinical practice,bridging translational neuroscience with therapeutic innovation.

The pathogenesis and progression of depression are closely associated with functional dysregula-tion in the brain's reward and emotion-modulating circuits.As the central hub of the reward system,the nucleus accumbens(NAc)forms aberrant neural circuits with multiple brain regions-including the ventral tegmental area(VTA),medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC),amygdala(AMY),hippocampus(HIP),and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus(PVT)-which have been empirically linked to depressive symptomatology.Acupuncture,with its multi-target therapeutic profile,aligns well with the multifactorial and multisystem dysregulation characteristic of depressive disorders.This review systematically examines the functional alterations of the NAc-centered neural circuitry in depression and explores the potential mechanisms of acupuncture intervention.Evidence suggests that acupuncture holistically ameliorates depression by:modulating dopaminergic transmission in the VTA-NAc pathway,enhancing neurotransmitter equilibrium in the mPFC-NAc circuit,bidirectionally regulating emotional stability via the AMY-NAc loop,attenuating HIP-NAc glutamatergic hyperactivity,and optimizing excitatory signaling in the thalamus-NAc circuit.Furthermore,this synthesis emphasizes a systems-level integration of circuit mechanisms,highlighting both the clinical applicability of acupuncture in depression treatment and recent advances in mechanistic research.The findings provide robust theoretical foundations and practical guidance for clinical practice,bridging translational neuroscience with therapeutic innovation.

OBJECTIVE： To prepare puerarin microemulsion with phase Ⅰ metabolic regulation （R-PR-ME） and to study pharmacokinetic characteristics of rats in vivo. METHODS： R-PR-ME and Puerarin microemulsion without metabolic regulation （NR-PR-ME） were prepared by Shah method. Pseudo-ternary phase diagram was used to optimize microemulsion formula using drug loading amount as index. The particle size and PDI of microemulsion were characterized by using a laser particle size analyzer. Rats were used as animal models， and HPLC method was used to determine the blood concentration of puerarin before and 5， 10， 15， 20， 30， 45， 60， 90， 120， 180， 240， 360， 480， 600 min after intragastric administration of R-PR-ME， NR-PR-ME and puerarin suspension （PR-SP） at puerarin dosage of 120 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using DAS 2.0 software. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The relative bioavailability of R-PR-ME was calculated with NR-PR-ME as reference preparation. RESULTS： The formula of R-PR-ME included that oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glyserides （oil phase）-polysorbate 20 （emulsifier）-glycerides （co-emulsifier） mass ratio of 2 ∶ 4 ∶ 4； drug-loading amount of 67.50 mg/g， particle size was （22.59±0.53） nm （n＝3） and PDI was 0.182±0.017 （n＝3）. The formula of NR-PR-ME included that soybean oil （oil phase）-polysorbate 80 （emulsifier）- glycerol （co-emulsifier） mass ratio of 1 ∶ 4.5 ∶ 4.5， drug-loading amount of 61.32 mg/g， particle size of （15.45±1.06） nm（n＝3） and PDI of 0.156±0.012 （n＝3）. Pharmacokinetic parameters of R-PR-ME， NR-PR-ME and PR-SP included that AUC0-600 min were （134.187±37.152）， （65.145±18.762） and （49.623±12.143） μg·min/mL； cmax were （1.316±0.306）， （1.082±0.294） and （0.425±0.106） μg/mL； MRT were （155.068±33.204）， （100.264±27.683）， （60.524±14.086） min； t1/2β were （365.880±101.250）， （283.280±80.940）， （80.063±21.189） min （n＝6）， respectively. Compared with PR-SP， AUC0-600 min， cmax， MRT and t1/2β of R-PR-ME and NR-PR-ME were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with NR-PR-ME， AUC0-600 min， MRT and  t1/2β of R-PR-ME were more higher （P＜0.05）. The relative bioavailability of of R-PR-ME was 205.98％. CONCLUSIONS： R-PR-ME is prepared successfully with high drug-loading amount， and can significantly increase the bioavailability of puerarin in rats， compared with PR-SP and NR-PR-ME.

This paper introduces ISO 14708-3:2017, the new edition of the international standard for implantable neurostimulator, and emphasizes the new requirements in the clause of protection from RF electromagnetic interference. To meet this new requirements, this paper presents a design of torso simulator for the testing of implantable neurostimulator. The design includes volume conductor, electrodes and grids, which can simulate the actual operating environment of implantable neurostimulator in RF electromagnetic interference testing. The torso simulator is verified by performance in the last part of the paper.
Electromagnetic Fields ; Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Implantable Neurostimulators ; standards ; Torso

Objective To explore a new approach that is better than coronal scalp incision and facial percutaneous small incision in surgical treatment of zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch fracture.Methods The modified auriculotemporal incision was applied in 43 patients with zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch fracture that needed open reposition,and the exposure degree,bleeding,postoperative elasticity and texture of skin,facial nerve function and satisfactory degree were evaluated after operation.Results In present study,the upper part of zygomatic arch and lateral orbital margin could be greatly explored for operation of zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch fracture in all 43 patients by application of this approach.Less bleeding was observed during operation.All patients had primary healing and none of them presented with temporal numbness and facial palsy.After 6 months follow-up,41 cases (95.3％) and 43 cases (100％) showed fine elasticity of operative skin and satisfactory degree,respectively.Conclusions The modified auriculotemporal incision is better than conventional approach in surgical treatment of zygomatic bone and zygomaticarch fracture.