Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To systematically evaluate and integrate the exercise experience of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, so as to provide a basis for formulating personalized exercise programs according to the actual needs of patients.Methods:The qualitative studies on the exercise experience of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were searched in CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Scopus Database by computer. The search time was from the establishment of the database to January 31,2023. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute evidence-based Health Care Center Qualitative Research Quality evaluation standard (2016), and the results of the included literature were integrated using the collection integration method.Results:A total of 10 studies were included, 67 research results and 9 categories were extracted, and 3 integrated results were obtained. Integration result 1: the effects of exercise training on patients, including physical function enhancement, psychological condition improvement, social benefit improvement, exercise beliefs and knowledge increased; integration result 2: factors that promote patients′ exercise, including physical benefits increase exercise confidence and expectation, social encouragement stimulates exercise motivation, appropriate external conditions to improve compliance; integration result 3: factors that hinder movement, including illness and poor psychological condition, unfavorable external conditions and life burden.Conclusions:Pulmonary rehabilitation exercise training benefits patients from various aspects such as physical function, psychological condition, and social interaction. This study deeply discusses the exercise training experience of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and understands the factors that promote and hinder patients′ exercise, which can provide a basis for formulating personalized exercise plans.

Objective To explore the rules of acupoint selection and manipulation application of Tuina in the treatment of diabetes peripheral neuropathy(DPN)with data mining technology.Methods The clinical research literature of Tuina for DPN from October 2022 was selected by searching four Chinese databases that CNKI,WanFang,VIP and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database.Using the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance assistance platform software,analyze and summarize the rules of selecting acupoints and applying manipulations in the treatment of DPN with Tuina.Results A total of 110 articles were included,including 65 acupoints and 33 manipulations.The acupoints with the highest frequency are Zusanli(ST 36),Sanyinjiao(SP 6),Taixi(KI 3),Yongquan(KI 1),Taichong(LR 3),Yanglingquan(GB 34),etc.The meridians mainly include Taiyin Spleen Meridian of Foot,Yangming Stomach Meridian of Foot,Taiyang Bladder Meridian of Foot and Shaoyin Kidney Meridian of Foot.Five-shu Points,Lower He-sea Points and Yuan-primary Points are commonly used specific points.The acupoints are mostly distributed in the lower limbs.The categories of Tuina manipulations mainly include squeezing-pressing manipulations,pushing rolling manipulations and composite manipulations.The Tuina manipulations mainly include kneading manipulation,pressing manipulation,point-pressing manipulation,pressing-kneading manipulation and twisting manipulation with both palms.Conclusion The acupoint selection and manipulation application of Tuina in treating DPN have certain rules,and the main treatment principles are to regulate the organs and dredge collaterals,and to replenish qi and promote blood circulation,which can provide objective basis for clinical treatment.

Lung adenocarcinoma has become the most common type of lung cancer. According to the 2015 World Health Organization histological classification of lung cancer, invasive lung adenocarcinoma can be divided into 5 subtypes: lepidic, acinar, papillary, solid, and micropapillary. Relevant studies have shown that the local lobectomy or sublobectomy is sufficient for early lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma, while lobectomy should be recommended for tumors containing micropapillary and solid ingredients (≥5%). Currently, the percentage of micropapillary and solid components diagnosed by frozen pathological examination is 65.7%, and the accuracy of diagnosis is limited. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, it is necessary to seek new methods and techniques. This paper summarized the characteristics and rapid diagnosis tools of early lung adenocarcinoma subtypes.

Road traffic accidents (RTA) can cause a large number of casualties and property losses. Driving fatigue is one of the important factors leading to RTA. Electrophysiological signals, as a kind of information feedback for the nervous system to regulate body functions, can reflect drivers’ fatigue state. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews on the current research on electrophysiological signals as information input of machine learning methods for driving fatigue recognition. By investigating fatigue-related literature, the current paper summarized the neural regulation mechanism of fatigue, clarified that driving fatigue is caused by both psychological and physiological loads, recognized inducing factors related to driving fatigue, and summed up electrophysiological signals now in use of driving fatigue recognition, as well as their physiological mechanisms and related indicators. Machine learning algorithms are widely used in identifying driving fatigue. Based on existing studies that used electrophysiological signals as information input source and applied various machine learning algorithms to build driving fatigue identification models, this paper compared the effectiveness of various machine learning algorithms, and described the advantages and disadvantages of supervised machine learning. It is pointed out that suitable classification algorithms should be selected according to sample conditions and model eigenvalues when applied to driving fatigue recognition. In addition, a variety of electrophysiological signals as information sources can help improve the accuracy of a fatigue recognition model, but the increase of model input eigenvalues cannot. Finally, the research progress of identification methods based on electrophysiological signals provided new opportunities for identifying driving fatigue.

Many people affected by fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorders have sensory processing deficits, such as hypersensitivity to auditory, tactile, and visual stimuli. Like FXS in humans, loss of Fmr1 in rodents also cause sensory, behavioral, and cognitive deficits. However, the neural mechanisms underlying sensory impairment, especially vision impairment, remain unclear. It remains elusive whether the visual processing deficits originate from corrupted inputs, impaired perception in the primary sensory cortex, or altered integration in the higher cortex, and there is no effective treatment. In this study, we used a genetic knockout mouse model (Fmr1^KO), in vivo imaging, and behavioral measurements to show that the loss of Fmr1 impaired signal processing in the primary visual cortex (V1). Specifically, Fmr1^KO mice showed enhanced responses to low-intensity stimuli but normal responses to high-intensity stimuli. This abnormality was accompanied by enhancements in local network connectivity in V1 microcircuits and increased dendritic complexity of V1 neurons. These effects were ameliorated by the acute application of GABA_A receptor activators, which enhanced the activity of inhibitory neurons, or by reintroducing Fmr1 gene expression in knockout V1 neurons in both juvenile and young-adult mice. Overall, V1 plays an important role in the visual abnormalities of Fmr1^KO mice and it could be possible to rescue the sensory disturbances in developed FXS and autism patients.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/metabolism* ; Fragile X Syndrome/metabolism* ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/metabolism*

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with acute glyphosate herbicide poisoning and the differences in the severity of poisoning.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with acute glyphosate herbicide poisoning admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2014 to December 2020. The general information, exposure time, poisoning dose, poisoning cause, poisoning route, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results during hospitalization, treatment measures, hospital stays and prognosis of the patients were collected. The patients were graded according to the poisoning severity scoring standard of Chinese Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Poisoning in 2016. The highest severity score during hospitalization was used as the final grade. According to the final grade, asymptomatic and mild patients were included in the mild group, and moderate, severe and death patients were included in the severe group. The independent sample T test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for measurement data, and χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was used for counting data. The differences of general data and clinical data between the two groups were compared. Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 83 patients with acute glyphosate herbicide poisoning were selected as the study subjects. All patients survived, mainly mild poisoning (56.6%), with a male to female ratio of 33∶50, and an average age of 39 years. The number of poisoning cases increased yearly (the highest in 2019), and most cases occurred in spring and summer. The main cause of poisoning was suicide (71.1%), direct oral administration (83.1%) was the primary route of poisoning, and the dominating clinical manifestations were digestive symptoms (71.1%). Laboratory tests showed increased white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil percentage (NEUT %) and D-dimer, and decreased hemoglobin and potassium. Compared with the mild group, patients in the severe group were older [(51±17) years vs. (35±19) years], had a higher proportion of suicide and direct oral administration, a longer hospital stay [8.0 (4.8, 12.0) d vs. 3.0 (2.0, 5.5) d], a higher dose of poisoning [200.0 (50.0, 200.0) mL vs. 30.0 (11.3, 57.5) mL], and higher NEUT % within 24 h of admission [(83.4±10.4) vs. (73.2±12.8)]. The increase of WBC, NEUT %, aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin time, D-dimer and the decrease of serum potassium were more common in the severe group than the mild group, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The number of patients with acute glyphosate herbicide poisoning is increasing yearly. Generally, the condition is mild and the prognosis is satisfying. The severity is more serious in the middle-aged and elderly patients andthose with direct oral administration, high toxic dose, and high NEUT % within 24 h of admission. Severe poisoning is more likely to cause changes in laboratory indicators.

Objective:To investigate the changes of intestinal microecology in the early stage of sepsis rat model by 16S rDNA sequencing.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group and sham operation group (Sham group), with 30 rats in each group. In the CLP group, sepsis rat model was reproduced by CLP method; the rats in the Sham group only underwent laparotomy without CLP. At 24 hours after the operation, the intestinal feces and serum samples of 8 rats in each group were collected. The survival rate of the rest rats was observed until the 7th day. The level of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intestinal feces were sequenced by 16S rDNA sequencing technology. The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) data obtained after sequence comparison and clustering was used for α diversity and β diversity analysis, principal coordinate analysis and linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis (LEfSe) to observe the changes of intestinal microecology in early sepsis rats and excavate the marker flora.Results:At 24 hours after the reproduction of the model, the rats in the CLP group showed shortness of breath, scattered hair and other manifestations, and the level of serum TNF-α increased significantly as compared with that in the Sham group (ng/L: 43.95±9.05 vs. 11.08±3.27, P < 0.01). On the 7th day after modeling, the cumulative survival rate of the Sham group was 100%, while that of the CLP group was 31.82%. Diversity analysis showed that there was no significant difference in α diversity parameter between the Sham group and the CLP group (number of species: 520.00±52.15 vs. 492.25±86.61, Chao1 richness estimator: 707.25±65.69 vs. 668.93±96.50, Shannon index: 5.74±0.42 vs. 5.79±0.91, Simpson index: 0.93±0.03 vs. 0.94±0.05, all P > 0.05). However, the β diversity analysis showed that the difference between groups was greater than that within groups whether weighted according to OTU or not (abundance weighted matrix: R = 0.23, P = 0.04; abundance unweighted matrix: R = 0.32, P = 0.01). At the phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria and Candidatus_sacchari in the CLP group increased significantly as compared with the Sham group [18.100% (15.271%, 26.665%) vs. 6.974% (2.854%, 9.764%), 0.125% (0.027%, 0.159%)% vs. 0.018% (0.008%, 0.021%), both P < 0.05]. At the genus level, the abundance of opportunistic pathogen including Helicobacter, Ruthenium, Streptococcus, Clostridium ⅩⅧ in the CLP group was significantly higher than that in the Sham group [5.090% (1.812%, 6.598%) vs. 0.083% (0.034%, 0.198%), 0.244% (0.116%, 0.330%) vs. 0.016% (0.008%, 0.029%), 0.006% (0.003%, 0.010%) vs. 0.001% (0%, 0.003%), 0.094% (0.035%, 0.430%) vs. 0.007% (0.003%, 0.030%), all P < 0.05], and the abundance of probiotics such as Alloprevotella and Romboustia was significantly lower than that in the Sham group [7.345% (3.662%, 11.546%) vs. 22.504% (14.403%, 26.928%), 0.113% (0.047%, 0.196%) vs. 1.229% (0.809%, 2.29%), both P < 0.01]. LEfSe analysis showed that the probiotics belonging to Firmicutes were significantly enriched in the Sham group, and Romboustia was the most significantly enriched species. Opportunistic pathogens such as Helicobacter, Streptococcus and Clostridium ⅩⅧ were significantly enriched in the CLP group, Helicobacter_NGSU_ 2015 was the most significantly enriched species. Conclusion:In the early stage of sepsis, the intestinal microbiota structure of rats is significantly changed, which mainly shows that the abundance of Alloprevotella and other probiotics is significantly reduced, while that of Helicobacter and other opportunistic pathogens is significantly increased.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of blood routine tests (RT) and coagulation function in differential diagnosis of mild and severe patients infected with bunyamwera virus. Methods: Twenty-five mild patients and 25 severe patients infected with bunyamwera virus were selected and their blood RT and coagulation function tests were performed. Results: The earliest prothrombin time (PT-early) and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT-early) were significantly lower than those of severe patients(t=-2.43, P<0.05; t=-2.53, P<0.05). The lowest values of white blood cells (WBC-low) of mild patients were significantly higher than those of severe patients (t=5.66, P<0.01). The highest value of D-dimer (DD-high) of mild patients were significantly lower than that of severe patients (z=1.35, P<0.05). When mild patients values were set as outcome variable, AUC of APTT-early was the highest (AUC=0.713, P<0.05). When values of severe patients were set as outcome variable, AUC of DD-high was the highest (AUC=0.874, P<0.01). Conclusions APTT-early and DD-high are suitable for differential diagnosis of mild and severe patients infected with bunyamwera virus.