After continuous development and improvement, lung transplantation has become the preferred means to treat a variety of benign end-stage lung diseases. However, the field of lung transplantation still faces many challenges, including shortage of donor resources, preservation and maintenance of donor lungs, and postoperative complications. Lung tissue samples removed after lung transplantation are excellent clinical resources for the study of benign end-stage lung disease and perioperative complications of lung transplantation. However, at present, the collection, storage and utilization of tissue samples after lung transplantation are limited to a single study, and unified technical specifications have not been formed. Based on the construction plan of the biobank for lung transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, this study reviewed the practical experience in the collection, storage and utilization of lung transplant tissue samples in the aspects of ethical review, staffing, collection process, storage method, quality control and efficient utilization, in order to provide references for lung transplant related research.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data on chronic diarrhea in the Chinese population are lacking, and the association between obesity and chronic diarrhea in East Asian populations remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of chronic diarrhea and its association with obesity in a representative community-dwelling Chinese population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on a multistage, randomized cluster sampling involving 3503 residents aged 20-69 years from representative urban and rural communities in Beijing. Chronic diarrhea was assessed using the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), and obesity was determined based on body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the relationship between obesity and chronic diarrhea. RESULTS: The standardized prevalence of chronic diarrhea in the study population was 12.88%. The average BMI was 24.67 kg/m 2 . Of all the participants, 35.17% (1232/3503) of participants were classified as overweight and 16.13% (565/3503) as obese. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals with obesity had an increased risk of chronic diarrhea as compared to normal weight individuals (odds ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-2.06). A nonlinear association between BMI and the risk of chronic diarrhea was observed in community residents of males and the overall participant group ( P  = 0.026 and 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study presents initial findings on the prevalence of chronic diarrhea among residents of Chinese communities while offering substantiated evidence regarding the significant association between obesity and chronic diarrhea. These findings offer a novel perspective on gastrointestinal health management.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diarrhea/epidemiology* ; Obesity/complications* ; Prevalence ; East Asian People/statistics & numerical data*

Early identification of adolescent depression requires objective biomarkers. This study investigated the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) activation patterns and mismatch negativity (MMN) characteristics in adolescents with first-episode mild-to-moderate depression. We enrolled 33 patients and 33 matched healthy controls, measuring oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentration in the frontal cortex during verbal fluency tasks via fNIRS, and recording MMN latency/amplitude at Fz/Cz electrodes using event-related potentials (ERP). Compared with healthy controls, the depression group showed significantly prolonged MMN latency [Fz: (227.88 ± 31.08) ms vs. (208.70 ± 25.35) ms, P < 0.01; Cz: (223.73 ± 29.03) ms vs. (204.18 ± 22.43) ms, P < 0.01], and obviously reduced Fz amplitude [(2.42 ± 2.18) μV vs. (5.65 ± 5.59) μV, P = 0.03]. A significant positive correlation was observed between MMN latencies at Fz and Cz electrodes ( P < 0.01). Oxy-Hb in left frontopolar prefrontal channels (CH15/17) was significantly decreased in patient group ( P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that adolescents with depression exhibit hypofunction in the left prefrontal cortex and impaired automatic sensory processing. The combined application of fNIRS and ERP techniques may provide an objective basis for early clinical identification.
Humans ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods* ; Adolescent ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology* ; Evoked Potentials/physiology* ; Depression/physiopathology* ; Female ; Male ; Oxyhemoglobins ; Electroencephalography

Peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals targeting integrin α5β1 show promise for precise tumor diagnosis and treatment. However, current peptide-based radioligands that target α5β1 demonstrate inadequate in vivo performance owing to limited tumor retention. The use of PEGylation to enhance the tumor retention of radiopharmaceuticals by prolonging blood circulation time poses a risk of increased blood toxicity. Therefore, a PEGylation strategy that boosts tumor retention while minimizing blood circulation time is urgently needed. Here, we developed a PEGylation-enabled peptide multidisplay platform (PEGibody) for PR_b, an α5β1 targeting peptide. PEGibody generation involved PEGylation and self-assembly. [⁶⁴Cu]QM-2303 PEGibodies displayed spherical nanoparticles ranging from 100 to 200 nm in diameter. Compared with non-PEGylated radioligands, [⁶⁴Cu]QM-2303 demonstrated enhanced tumor retention time due to increased binding affinity and stability. Importantly, the biodistribution analysis confirmed rapid clearance of [⁶⁴Cu]QM-2303 from the bloodstream. Administration of a single dose of [¹⁷⁷Lu]QM-2303 led to robust antitumor efficacy. Furthermore, [⁶⁴Cu]/[¹⁷⁷Lu]QM-2303 exhibited low hematological and organ toxicity in both healthy and tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, this study presents a PEGibody-based radiotheranostic approach that enhances tumor retention time and provides long-lasting antitumor effects without prolonging blood circulation lifetime. The PEGibody-based radiopharmaceutical [⁶⁴Cu]/[¹⁷⁷Lu]QM-2303 shows great potential for positron emission tomography imaging-guided targeted radionuclide therapy for α5β1-overexpressing tumors.

The activation proteins released by fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment regulate tumor growth, migration, and treatment response, thereby influencing tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes. Owing to the proliferation and metastasis of tumors, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is typically highly expressed in the tumor stroma, whereas it is nearly absent in adult normal tissues and benign lesions, making it an attractive target for precision medicine. Radiolabeled agents targeting FAP have the potential for targeted cancer diagnosis and therapy. This comprehensive review aims to describe the evolution of FAPI-based radiopharmaceuticals and their structural optimization. Within its scope, this review summarizes the advances in the use of radiolabeled small molecule inhibitors for tumor imaging and therapy as well as the modification strategies for FAPIs, combined with insights from structure-activity relationships and clinical studies, providing a valuable perspective for radiopharmaceutical clinical development and application.

Objective:To analyze the differences in clinical and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) findings between diffuse and focal IgG4-related autoimmune pancreatitis (IgG4-AIP).Methods:Data of patients diagnosed as having IgG4-AIP who underwent EUS at Chinese PLA General Hospital from September 2011 to April 2022 were retrospectively collected. General clinical data, EUS features, and postoperative pathology were analyzed for characteristic differences.Results:A total of 40 patients were included in the study, 60.03±10.87 years old, a higher proportion of males (85.0%, 34/40). All patients underwent EUS, and 28 underwent EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration. Among the 40 patients, 29 (72.5%) had diffuse type and 11 (27.5%) had focal type. Abdominal pain [65.5% (19/29) VS 18.2% (2/11), χ2=5.393, P=0.020] and thickening of the bile duct wall [51.7% (15/29) VS 9.1% (1/11), χ2=4.394, P=0.036] were more common in the diffuse type, while main pancreatic duct dilation [45.5% (5/11) VS 10.3% (3/29), χ2=4.146, P=0.042] was more common in the focal type, with the lesion most commonly located in the pancreatic head (90.9%, 10/11). There was no significant difference in the presence of chronic pancreatitis parenchymal changes between the two groups [34.5% (10/29) VS 27.3% (3/11), χ2=0.003, P=0.955]. Conclusion:There are certain differences in abdominal pain and biliary and pancreatic duct lesions between diffuse and focal AIP. The high expression of chronic pancreatitis characteristics is not observed in either group, which provides clues for the classification of AIP in clinical practice.

As individuals age, the desire to address skin aging in the face and neck becomes increasingly prevalent among those interested in enhancing their appearance.Microfocused ultrasound offers a non-invasive approach to address concerns such as wrinkles and sagging skin.This article presents a thorough examination of the mechanisms and principles underlying microfocused ultrasound technology, its effectiveness in combating signs of aging in various regions of the face and neck, its potential synergies with other treatment modalities, and its benefits and possible side effects.The objective is to provide guidance for healthcare professionals in utilizing microfocused ultrasound for facial and neck rejuvenation.

Metastasis accounts for 90% of breast cancer deaths, where the lethality could be attributed to the poor drug accumulation at the metastatic loci. The tolerance to chemotherapy induced by breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and their particular redox microenvironment further aggravate the therapeutic dilemma. To be specific, therapy-resistant BCSCs can differentiate into heterogeneous tumor cells constantly, and simultaneously dynamic maintenance of redox homeostasis promote tumor cells to retro-differentiate into stem-like state in response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Herein, we develop a specifically-designed biomimic platform employing neutrophil membrane as shell to inherit a neutrophil-like tumor-targeting capability, and anchored chemotherapeutic and BCSCs-differentiating reagents with nitroimidazole (NI) to yield two hypoxia-responsive prodrugs, which could be encapsulated into a polymeric nitroimidazole core. The platform can actively target the lung metastasis sites of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and release the escorted drugs upon being triggered by the hypoxia microenvironment. During the responsiveness, the differentiating agent could promote transferring BCSCs into non-BCSCs, and simultaneously the nitroimidazole moieties conjugated on the polymer and prodrugs could modulate the tumor microenvironment by depleting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) and amplifying intracellular oxidative stress to prevent tumor cells retro-differentiation into BCSCs. In combination, the BCSCs differentiation and tumor microenvironment modulation synergistically could enhance the chemotherapeutic cytotoxicity, and remarkably suppress tumor growth and lung metastasis. Hopefully, this work can provide a new insight in to comprehensively treat TNBC and lung metastasis using a versatile platform.

Objective To explore the rules of acupoint selection and manipulation application of Tuina in the treatment of diabetes peripheral neuropathy(DPN)with data mining technology.Methods The clinical research literature of Tuina for DPN from October 2022 was selected by searching four Chinese databases that CNKI,WanFang,VIP and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database.Using the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance assistance platform software,analyze and summarize the rules of selecting acupoints and applying manipulations in the treatment of DPN with Tuina.Results A total of 110 articles were included,including 65 acupoints and 33 manipulations.The acupoints with the highest frequency are Zusanli(ST 36),Sanyinjiao(SP 6),Taixi(KI 3),Yongquan(KI 1),Taichong(LR 3),Yanglingquan(GB 34),etc.The meridians mainly include Taiyin Spleen Meridian of Foot,Yangming Stomach Meridian of Foot,Taiyang Bladder Meridian of Foot and Shaoyin Kidney Meridian of Foot.Five-shu Points,Lower He-sea Points and Yuan-primary Points are commonly used specific points.The acupoints are mostly distributed in the lower limbs.The categories of Tuina manipulations mainly include squeezing-pressing manipulations,pushing rolling manipulations and composite manipulations.The Tuina manipulations mainly include kneading manipulation,pressing manipulation,point-pressing manipulation,pressing-kneading manipulation and twisting manipulation with both palms.Conclusion The acupoint selection and manipulation application of Tuina in treating DPN have certain rules,and the main treatment principles are to regulate the organs and dredge collaterals,and to replenish qi and promote blood circulation,which can provide objective basis for clinical treatment.