Objective:To systematically evaluate the disease experience and inner needs of young and middle-aged patients with end-stage renal disease, so as to provide evidence for medical personnel to pay more attention to the mental health of this population and give personalized care.Methods:The qualitative studies on the real experience, psychological feeling and experience of young and middle-aged patients with end-stage renal disease were searched by PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Network, Wanfang, VIP and China Biomedical Literature Database. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to April 20, 2024. Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-based Health Care Center Evaluation criteria (2016 edition) were used to evaluate the literature quality, and the results were summarized and integrated by aggregative meta-integration method.Results:A total of 10 studies were included, and 47 clear findings were extracted and classified into 10 new categories, which were combined into 4 integrated results: the phased changes of patients′ real experience at all levels of body, mind and society, impairment of their own and family role functions, desire for support and lack of autonomy in decision-making, and reconstruction of positive attitude and future outlook in the face of disease.Conclusions:Nursing staff should pay attention to and understand the psychosocial conditions of young and middle-aged patients with end-stage renal disease, timely provide targeted psychological support and help to enhance their confidence in treatment, better return to work and society, and improve their quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals targeting integrin α5β1 show promise for precise tumor diagnosis and treatment. However, current peptide-based radioligands that target α5β1 demonstrate inadequate in vivo performance owing to limited tumor retention. The use of PEGylation to enhance the tumor retention of radiopharmaceuticals by prolonging blood circulation time poses a risk of increased blood toxicity. Therefore, a PEGylation strategy that boosts tumor retention while minimizing blood circulation time is urgently needed. Here, we developed a PEGylation-enabled peptide multidisplay platform (PEGibody) for PR_b, an α5β1 targeting peptide. PEGibody generation involved PEGylation and self-assembly. [⁶⁴Cu]QM-2303 PEGibodies displayed spherical nanoparticles ranging from 100 to 200 nm in diameter. Compared with non-PEGylated radioligands, [⁶⁴Cu]QM-2303 demonstrated enhanced tumor retention time due to increased binding affinity and stability. Importantly, the biodistribution analysis confirmed rapid clearance of [⁶⁴Cu]QM-2303 from the bloodstream. Administration of a single dose of [¹⁷⁷Lu]QM-2303 led to robust antitumor efficacy. Furthermore, [⁶⁴Cu]/[¹⁷⁷Lu]QM-2303 exhibited low hematological and organ toxicity in both healthy and tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, this study presents a PEGibody-based radiotheranostic approach that enhances tumor retention time and provides long-lasting antitumor effects without prolonging blood circulation lifetime. The PEGibody-based radiopharmaceutical [⁶⁴Cu]/[¹⁷⁷Lu]QM-2303 shows great potential for positron emission tomography imaging-guided targeted radionuclide therapy for α5β1-overexpressing tumors.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the disease experience and inner needs of young and middle-aged patients with end-stage renal disease, so as to provide evidence for medical personnel to pay more attention to the mental health of this population and give personalized care.Methods:The qualitative studies on the real experience, psychological feeling and experience of young and middle-aged patients with end-stage renal disease were searched by PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Network, Wanfang, VIP and China Biomedical Literature Database. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to April 20, 2024. Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-based Health Care Center Evaluation criteria (2016 edition) were used to evaluate the literature quality, and the results were summarized and integrated by aggregative meta-integration method.Results:A total of 10 studies were included, and 47 clear findings were extracted and classified into 10 new categories, which were combined into 4 integrated results: the phased changes of patients′ real experience at all levels of body, mind and society, impairment of their own and family role functions, desire for support and lack of autonomy in decision-making, and reconstruction of positive attitude and future outlook in the face of disease.Conclusions:Nursing staff should pay attention to and understand the psychosocial conditions of young and middle-aged patients with end-stage renal disease, timely provide targeted psychological support and help to enhance their confidence in treatment, better return to work and society, and improve their quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:By observing the loss(LORR)and recovery of righting reflex(RORR)in mice after anes-thesia and the exploration of Y-maze,explore the role of oxytocin(OXT)in promoting arousal in mice.Methods:The expression of oxytocin receptor(OXTR)in the cell bodies and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive immunoreactive neu-rons in locus coeruleus(LC)was verified by immunofluorescence staining.Using the function of intraperitoneal injec-tion anesthesia and gas anesthesia,and intraperitoneal injection,intrathecal injection,and right LC single tube catheter administration,OXT or saline given as experimental group and control group,respectively,explored the time needed in the induction anesthesia period and anesthesia recovery period of mice after administration,and conducted Y-maze test on groups with statistically different anesthesia results,then explored the exploration of novel arm in Y-maze after 6,9,18 and 24 hours of RORR.Results:In LC,TH and OXTR positive neurons had double labeling.There was no differ-ence in the time of RORR after intraperitoneal injection and intrathecal injection of OXT and saline respectively,and no difference in the time of LORR and RORR after single-tube cannula administration of OXT and saline with intraperitone-al anesthesia and gas anesthesia.Compared with the control group,the recovery time of mice in the experimental group under gas anesthesia given OXT with single cannula was reduced(P＜0.05).In this group,the exploration activities of Y-maze novel arm increased after 9 hours of anesthesia recovery(P＜0.05),but there was no significant statistical difference in the exploration activities of Y-maze novel arm at 6,18 and 24 hours.Western Blot showed that compared with the control group,the expression of TH in LC in the experimental group increased significantly within 9 hours after anesthesia(P＜0.05),and then began to decrease after 9 hours(P＜0.01).Conclusion:OXT can promote the arousal of mice,and the cognitive degree of mice given OXT recovered better after waking up for 9 hours after anesthe-sia.

Objective:By observing the loss(LORR)and recovery of righting reflex(RORR)in mice after anes-thesia and the exploration of Y-maze,explore the role of oxytocin(OXT)in promoting arousal in mice.Methods:The expression of oxytocin receptor(OXTR)in the cell bodies and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive immunoreactive neu-rons in locus coeruleus(LC)was verified by immunofluorescence staining.Using the function of intraperitoneal injec-tion anesthesia and gas anesthesia,and intraperitoneal injection,intrathecal injection,and right LC single tube catheter administration,OXT or saline given as experimental group and control group,respectively,explored the time needed in the induction anesthesia period and anesthesia recovery period of mice after administration,and conducted Y-maze test on groups with statistically different anesthesia results,then explored the exploration of novel arm in Y-maze after 6,9,18 and 24 hours of RORR.Results:In LC,TH and OXTR positive neurons had double labeling.There was no differ-ence in the time of RORR after intraperitoneal injection and intrathecal injection of OXT and saline respectively,and no difference in the time of LORR and RORR after single-tube cannula administration of OXT and saline with intraperitone-al anesthesia and gas anesthesia.Compared with the control group,the recovery time of mice in the experimental group under gas anesthesia given OXT with single cannula was reduced(P＜0.05).In this group,the exploration activities of Y-maze novel arm increased after 9 hours of anesthesia recovery(P＜0.05),but there was no significant statistical difference in the exploration activities of Y-maze novel arm at 6,18 and 24 hours.Western Blot showed that compared with the control group,the expression of TH in LC in the experimental group increased significantly within 9 hours after anesthesia(P＜0.05),and then began to decrease after 9 hours(P＜0.01).Conclusion:OXT can promote the arousal of mice,and the cognitive degree of mice given OXT recovered better after waking up for 9 hours after anesthe-sia.

Objective:To compare the depth of cure, surface hardness and microleakage applied to primary teeth of three types of bulk-fill resins, so as to provide reference for clinical application.Methods:Composite resin Filtek TM Z350 XT (group A) and giomer Beautifil Ⅱ (group B) were used as controls, high-viscosity bulk-fill resin Filtek TM Bulk Fill (group C), sonic-activated bulk-fill resin SonicFill 2 (group D) and flowable bulk-fill resin SDR ? flow+(group E) were studied. The microstructure of each group was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specimens of each group were prepared (6 pieces per group), and the Vickers microhardness of the surface layer and different depths of each group were measured, and then the depths of cure were calculated. Twenty-five primary molars dentin were filled by resins of each group (5 teeth per group), sliced, then aged, slices of each group were developed by silver ion staining. SEM was used to observed the distribution of silver ions. Microleakage of each group were analyzed by Jonckheere-Terpstra rank sum test. Results:SEM showed that the filler particles in groups A and C were spherical and evenly distributed. The shape of the fillers in groups B, D and E were polygonal and unevenly distributed. The surface hardness of groups A, B, C, D and E were (84.97±6.30), (65.04±5.95), (57.80±1.18), (60.77±2.34), (33.32±1.83) MPa respectively. Group A had the highest hardness, while group E was the lowest, and the differences between the two groups and other groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among groups B, C, and D ( P>0.05). The curing depths of groups A, B, C, D and E were 2.6, 3.4, 5.8, 3.8 and 7.8 mm respectively. The largest microleakage was found in group E [2% (1/50) for grade 0, 22% (11/50) for grade 1, 30% (15/50) for grade 2, 24% (12/50) for grade 3, and 22% (11/50) for grade 4], which was statistically different from other groups ( P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found among other 3 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Both high-viscosity and sonic-activated bulk-fill resins have the greater depth of cure, the same hardness and microleakage as giomer, which might be an option for restoration in primary teeth.

Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),as a mental disorder disease,can seriously damage the physical and mental health and social functioning of patients.Physical therapy is increasingly being used in research on the treatment of PTSD due to its ability to directly target specific brain regions and improve the core symptoms of PTSD.This review categorizes on physical therapy for PTSD into two categories:non-invasive physical therapy and invasive physical therapy.Non-invasive physical therapy methods included electroconvulsive therapy,transcranial direct current stimulation,transcranial magnetic stimulation,and the Flexyx neurotherapy system.Non-invasive physical therapy had the advantages of safety,convenience,and simple operation.However,their stimulation accuracy was limited.Invasive physical therapy methods included deep brain stimulation and stellate ganglion block.Invasive physical therapy had the advantages of precise stimulation,fewer adverse reactions.However,there were surgical risks,high operational difficulty,and high treatment costs.In addition,potential physical therapy methods included transcranial alternating current stimulation,magnetic seizure therapy,and vagus nerve stimulation,which were currently in the theoretical research stage.This study discussed the mechanism of action,therapeutic parameters,clinical efficacy,adverse effects and the latest forms of technology of the above physical therapy methods,so as to provide reference for the treatment of PTSD.