Combining the knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine on glucolipid metabolism disorders， it is believed that the formation process of glycolipid metabolism disorders can be presented as five states "depression， phlegm-dampness， heat， blood stasis， and deficiency"， and the turbid pathogens run through the whole process. Accordingly， the method of "regulating states and removing turbidity" is proposed， which is specifically the method of resolving depression and turbidity， dispelling phlegm-dampness and turbidity， clearing heat and turbidity， dispelling blood stasis and turbidity， and replenishing deficiency and removing turbidity. Combined with the biological basis of glycolipid metabolism disorder， through the analysis of the clinical application of each method and the related mechanism of action， it is clarified that the method of regulating states and resolving turbidity can play a role in improving glycolipid metabolism disorder by regulating lipid metabolism disorder， insulin resistance， bile acid metabolism abnormality， intestinal bacterial flora， and its metabolite abnormality and other mechanisms of action.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of Tuina at Weizhong （BL 40） for relieving sciatica from the perspective of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. MethodsSixty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， Tuina group， MK-801 group， MK-801 plus Tuina group， 12 rats in each group. After lateral ventricular cannulation， rats model with chronic compression injury of the right sciatic nerve were prepared in all groups except the sham operation group. On day 4 after modelling， rats in the Tuina group start Tuina at Weizhong （BL 40） for 10 mins once a day for a total of 14 days； rats in the MK-801 group started injecting with 0.25 μg/μl of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B （NR2B） blocker， dizocycline （MK-801）， 0.5 μl of which was administered daily in the lateral ventricle for 14 days. Rats in the MK-801 plus Tuina group underwent Tuina after 30 mins when completing MK-801 injection in the lateral ventricle， in the same way as above； rats in the model group and the sham operation group did not undergo any intervention. Spontaneous pain behaviour scores and paw withdraw thresholds （PWTs） were examined on day 1 （base value） before modelling and on day 4， 10， 14 and 18 after modelling； and on day 19， the brain tissues of the rats in each group were sampled and the number and morphology of the Nysted-positive cells in the hippocampal CA3 region were observed using Nysted staining； and the number of synapses， the thickness of postsynaptic dense material， the length of active band and the curvature of synaptic interface in hippocampal CA3 region were observed by transmission electron microscopy； and the expression of synapse-associated proteins NR2B and postsynaptic density protein-95 （PSD95） in hippocampal CA3 was detected by immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting. ResultsCompared with the same time in the sham operation group， spontaneous pain scores significantly increased and PWTs decreased on day 4， 10， 14， and 18 after modelling in the model group （P＜0.05）； compared with the model group， spontaneous pain scores in Tuina group of rats significantly decreased on day 10， 14， and 18 after modelling， and PWTs significantly increased on day 14 and 18 after modelling （P＜0.05）. Compared with Tuina group， spontaneous pain scores increased on day 10， 14， and 18 of modelling， and PWTs decreased at days 14 and 18 of modelling in the MK-801 plus Tuina group had higher spontaneous pain scores on days 10， 14， and 18 after modelling and lower PWTs on days 14 and 18 after modelling （P＜0.05）. Compared with the sham operation group， the neuronal arrangement in the hippocampal CA3 region of the rats in the model group was disordered， with decreased number of Nysted-positive cells and synapses， reduced thickness of postsynaptic densities， length of active bands， and curvature of synaptic interfaces， wider synaptic gaps， and decreased immunofluorescent positive expression of NR2B and PSD95 as well as the expression of immunoblotting proteins in hippocampal CA3 region （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， more dense arranged nerve cells， the number of Nysted-positive cells， the number of synapses， the thickness of postsynaptic dense material， the length of active bands increased， the synaptic gap became significantly narrower， and the positive expression of immunofluorescence and immunoblotting protein expression of NR2B， PSD95 increased in the rat hippocampal CA3 region of Tuina group （P＜0.05）. Compared with Tuina group， the neuronal morphology of the hippocampal CA3 region in MK-801 plus Tuina group was severely damaged， and the number of Nystrom's-positive cells， the number of synapses， the thickness of post-synaptic densities， the length of active bands， and the curvature of synaptic interfaces reduced， the synaptic gaps became wider， and the immunofluorescent positive expression of NR2B， PSD95， and the expression of immunostained proteins decreased （P＜0.05）. ConclusionTuina at "Weizhong" （BL 40） showed significant analgesic effect， and one of the possible mechanisms concluded as significantly increasing the levels of NR2B and PSD95 protein expression in hippocampal CA3 region and thus modulating the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus.

Due to the complexity of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） interventions and the diversity of herbal components， single-omics technologies such as genomics， transcriptomics， proteomics， and metabolomics often cannot comprehensively elucidate the scientific connotations of TCM. Multi-omics technologies driven by system biology can analyze the theoretical connotations and application mechanisms of TCM from different levels such as genes， gene expression， proteins， and metabolites， in line with the holistic view of TCM， which helps to promote the modernization of TCM. By reviewing the literature on the application of omics technologies in the field of TCM， it is found that multi-omics technologies have been widely used in TCM for syndrome differentiation， evaluation of herbal quality， elucidation of pharmacological mechanisms， and drug toxicity assessment， providing comprehensive explanations of the mechanisms of action of TCM and overcoming the limitations of single-omics technologies， and having obtained significant achievements. However， multi-omics technologies also face challenges such as high cost， difficulties in data analysis due to large data volumes， and insufficient translation of research results. In the future， it is expected that through strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation， conducting long-term and dynamic clinical research， standardizing and normalizing data analysis processes， adopting appropriate and reasonable multi-omics integration patterns， establishing multi-omics databases for TCM， revealing the individualized characteristics， therapeutic mechanisms， and disease regulatory networks of TCM， the modernization of TCM will be promoted.

Objective To observe the effects of tuina on P2Y12/RhoA/ROCK2 pathway and c-Fos protein expression of microglia in spinal dorsal horn of sciatic nerve chronic compressive injury(CCI)rats;To explore the mechanism of tuina in treating lumbar disc herniation.Methods A CCI model of right sciatic nerve was used to simulate neuropathic pain in lumbar disc herniation.24 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group and tuina group,with 8 rats in each group.After 4 days of modeling,massage intervention was used to in the tuina group for 14 days.The paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)and paw withdrawal latency(PWL)of rats before and on the 4th,10th,and 17th day after modeling were observed,immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of Iba1 and P2Y12 protein in right spinal dorsal horn,Western blot was used to detect the expressions of RhoA and ROCK2 protein in right spinal dorsal horn,immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the number of c-Fos positive cells in right spinal dorsal horn.Results Compared with the blank group,the PWT and PWL of the model group were significantly reduced on the 4th,10th,and 17th day after modeling(P<0.001),while the expressions of Iba1,P2Y12,RhoA and ROCK2 protein in right spinal dorsal horn significantly increased(P<0.001,P<0.05),the number of c-Fos positive cells significantly increased(P<0.001).Compared with the model group,the PWT and PWL of the tuina group significantly increased on the 10th and 17th day after modeling(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),and the expressions of Iba1,P2Y12,RhoA and ROCK2 protein in right spinal dorsal horn significantly decreased(P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.05),and the number of c-Fos positive cells significantly reduced(P<0.001).Conclusion Tuina may inhibit the activation of microglia by regulating P2Y12/RhoA/ROCK2 pathway and c-Fos protein expression in spinal dorsal horn,reduce neuronal excitability,and exert analgesic effects on lumbar disc herniation.

Objective: To investigate the analgesic mechanism of Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) by observing the effect of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B)/postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) pathway on the dendritic structure of spinal cord dorsal horn in rats with lumbar disc herniation. Methods: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a Tuina group, a blocker agent group, and a blocker agent + Tuina group. The sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was prepared by the sciatic nerve ligation method. From the 4th day after modeling, rats in the Tuina group and the blocker agent + Tuina group were subject to daily Tuina intervention, and those in the blocker agent group and the blocker agent + Tuina group were daily intrathecally injected with NR2B blocker agent (MK-801). The spontaneous pain score was used to observe the pain behavior of all rats. The expression levels of NR2B and downstream PSD-95 were measured by immunohistochemistry, and the dendritic structure changes were observed by Golgi staining for rat spinal cord dorsal horn after 14 d of continuous intervention. Results: Compared with the blank group, the degree of rat spontaneous pain after CCI was elevated in both the model and the Tuina groups (P<0.01) and was reduced in the Tuina group after the Tuina intervention compared with the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the rat spontaneous pain level after blocking NR2B was reduced in both the blocker agent group and the blocker agent + Tuina group (P<0.05). The NR2B and PSD-95 protein levels were significantly higher in the model group compared with the blank group (P<0.01); the total number of dendritic branches was increased (P<0.01), and the total dendritic length became longer (P<0.01) in the spinal cord dorsal horn. The rat NR2B and PSD-95 protein levels were significantly decreased in the Tuina group compared with the model group (P<0.01); the total dendritic branch number was reduced (P<0.01) and the total length was shortened (P<0.01) in the spinal cord dorsal horn. After blocking NR2B, the expression levels of NR2B and downstream PSD-95 protein were significantly lower in both the blocker agent group and the blocker agent + Tuina group compared to the model group (P<0.01). The total branch number was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the total length was significantly shortened (P<0.01) of the dendrites in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Conclusion: Tuina may exert an analgesic effect by remodeling the dendritic structure in the spinal cord dorsal horn in rats with lumbar disc herniation, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NR2B/PSD-95 signaling pathway.

With the arrival of the era of big data, increasing attention has been drawn to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field. AI has many advantages, such as objectivity, accuracy, minimal invasiveness, time savings and high efficiency. Therefore, the combination of AI with dental diagnosis and treatment can help dentists improve work efficiency and save medical resources, offering potential significant benefits for dental application. At present, AI has been gradually integrated into prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, endodontics and periodontics. The AI system can realize automatic tooth preparation, automatic tooth arrangement and implantology. Deep learning can be used to assist in diagnosing maxillary sinus inflammation, predicting the complications of tooth extraction and improving the accuracy of osteotomy. The AI system can also provide significant clues for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of oral and maxillofacial tumors. The breakthrough brought by AI in cephalometric and the assessment of facial attractiveness of patients has promoted the development of intelligent and personalized orthodontic treatment. Deep learning and analysis of medical images also promote the accuracy of root canal therapy as well as the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases. AI technology has realized the leap from digitalization to automation and intelligence in oral diagnosis and treatment, and its application potential in the oral field should not be underestimated. Based on the concepts of AI, this paper will focus on the application of artificial intelligence in various oral clinical fields and briefly introduce its advantages, problems and future.

Objective:To explore the status of depression symptoms and related factors of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly disabled people in China and provide references on the preventive cares of depression.Methods:Research data were obtained from the 2018 follow-up data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).Disabled people were selected as the research object. The scores of center for epidemiological studies depression scale(CES-D) were used to evaluate depressive symptoms. Fourteen variables derived from the 3 dimensions of demographic characteristics, health status, and health related behaviors were utilized in this study.SAS 9.4 were used for descriptive analysis, univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 1 708 middle-aged and elderly disabled people were included, among whom 932(54.5%)were diagnosed with depressive symptoms, and the score of CES-D was (11.45±7.19).Self-rated poor health, self-rated poor memory, life dissatisfaction, physical pain were the risk factors of depressive symptoms ( OR=1.87, 4.22, 1.83, 5.30, 1.75). Male, educational level (middle-high school, high school or above), sleeping duration (6-9 h) were the protective factors of depressive symptoms( OR=0.74, 0.72, 0.10, 0.56). Conclusion:Middle-aged and elderly disabled people in China have a high detection rate of depressive symptoms. Female, lower education background, inadequate amount of sleep, self-rated unsatisfactory healthy, self-rated poor memory, dissatisfaction towards life and suffering from physical pain may be more likely to have depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people with disabilities.

Liposomes are spherical vesicles with bilayer membrane structure spontaneously formed by phospholipids dispersed in an aqueous medium. Liposomes are excellent drug carrier with amphiphilic properties. Liposomes have good biocompatibility, biodegradability and no immunogenicity. Liposomes can achieve the delivery of the drug, enhance the solubility, improve the stability, reduce the toxic effect of the drug, and improve the therapeutic effect of the loaded drug. In recent years, liposome drug delivery systems have been widely used in dentistry. This article reviews the application of liposome drug delivery systems in caries, dental pulp diseases, periodontitis, implantation, oral anesthesia and oral candidiasis.

As one of the rapid prototyping technology, three-dimensional (3D) printing is booming since its birth. 3D printing has already been applied in biomedical engineering, medical mold processing and many healthcare fields, but its application in dental education is still in the exploratory stage. Nowadays, educators are seeking to integrate 3D printing and dental education. On the basis of the advantages of 3D printing, the quality of dental education will be further improved and students′ enthusiasm for learning will be stimulated. This article will focus on elaborating the recent advances of 3D printing in dental education and exploring its direction in the field of teaching.

The widespread application of next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical settings has enabled testing, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of genetic diseases. However, many issues have arisen in the meanwhile. One of the most pressing issues is the lack of standards for reporting genetic test results across different service providers. The First Forum on Standards and Specifications for Clinical Genetic Testing was held to address the issue in Shenzhen, China, on October 28, 2017. Participants, including geneticists, clinicians, and representatives of genetic testing service providers, discussed problems of clinical genetic testing services across in China and shared opinions on principles, challenges, and standards for reporting clinical genetic test results. Here we summarize expert opinions presented at the seminar and report the consensus, which will serve as a basis for the development of standards and guidelines for reporting of clinical genetic testing results, in order to promote the standardization and regulation of genetic testing services in China.