The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) generate spontaneous pacemaker activities responsible for producing slow waves in the gut smooth muscles. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) is one of the most important prostanoids in the gut, playing a crucial role in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Because information regarding the effects of PGE2 on colonic ICC is limited, we investigated the effects of PGE2 and its underlying signaling pathways in murine colonic ICC. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of PGE2 on mouse colonic ICC. PGE2 had a dual effect on pacemaker potential in the current-clamp mode. RT-PCR data suggested the expression of EP3 and EP4 receptors in colonic ICC. Low PGE2 concentrations induced membrane depolarization and generation of pacemaker activities. And this effect is mimicked by sulprostone (an EP3 agonist). The low PGE2 concentration-induced effect was inhibited by anoctamin-1 (ANO1) or a T-type Ca2+ channel blocker. Conversely, high PGE2 concentrations induced membrane hyperpolarization and blocked pacemaker potential generation. However, this inhibitory effect was blocked by an ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP) channel blocker but not by other K+ channel blockers. Low concentrations of PGE2 activated EP3 receptors, leading to excitation of pacemaker activity through regulation of ANO1 and T-type Ca2+ channels in colonic ICC. In contrast, higher concentrations of PGE2 activated EP4 receptors and opened ATP-sensitive K+ channels, resulting in inhibition of pacemaker activity in colonic ICC.

Objective:To investigate the current status and influencing factors of ICU nurses' perception of risks and benefits of family presence during resuscitation, and to provide scientific evidence for the formulation of relevant policies in medical institutions.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 370 ICU nurses from four Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals in Taizhou between October and December 2024. A general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Family Presence Risk-Benefit Scale (FPR-BS), and the Chinese version of the Family Presence Self-Confidence Scale (FPS-CS) were used. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was applied to explore the influencing factors of ICU nurses' perception of risks and benefits of family presence during resuscitation.Results:A total of 370 questionnaires were distributed, and 357 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 96.49%. The total score of the Chinese version of FPR-BS among 357 ICU nurses was (50.25±10.54), and the total score of the Chinese version of FPS-CS was (40.36±8.19). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, age, years of work experience, educational level, number of times participating in resuscitation, and self-confidence regarding family presence during resuscitation were influencing factors of risk-benefit perception ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:ICU nurses' perception of the risks and benefits of family presence during resuscitation was at a relatively low to moderate level. Self-confidence regarding family presence during resuscitation was correlated with risk-benefit perception. When implementing policies on family presence during resuscitation, medical institutions should first improve nurses' self-confidence in this regard and provide targeted support.

Objective:To investigate the current status and influencing factors of ICU nurses' perception of risks and benefits of family presence during resuscitation, and to provide scientific evidence for the formulation of relevant policies in medical institutions.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 370 ICU nurses from four Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals in Taizhou between October and December 2024. A general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Family Presence Risk-Benefit Scale (FPR-BS), and the Chinese version of the Family Presence Self-Confidence Scale (FPS-CS) were used. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was applied to explore the influencing factors of ICU nurses' perception of risks and benefits of family presence during resuscitation.Results:A total of 370 questionnaires were distributed, and 357 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 96.49%. The total score of the Chinese version of FPR-BS among 357 ICU nurses was (50.25±10.54), and the total score of the Chinese version of FPS-CS was (40.36±8.19). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, age, years of work experience, educational level, number of times participating in resuscitation, and self-confidence regarding family presence during resuscitation were influencing factors of risk-benefit perception ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:ICU nurses' perception of the risks and benefits of family presence during resuscitation was at a relatively low to moderate level. Self-confidence regarding family presence during resuscitation was correlated with risk-benefit perception. When implementing policies on family presence during resuscitation, medical institutions should first improve nurses' self-confidence in this regard and provide targeted support.

OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of Pinghuo tea standard decoction and a method for determination of multi-component to clarify the transfer relationship of quantities and quality from pieces and standard decoction.METHODS Fifteen batches of Pinghuo tea standard decoction were prepared and the extract rate was determined;the fingerprint of the preparation was established by using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC);the similarity evaluation and the determination of common peaks were performed,and chemometric analysis was performed;the same method was used to determine the content of indicator components and the transfer rate was calculated.The chromatographic column was Venusil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution (gradient elution);the column temperature was 30 ℃,and the detection wavelengths were 238 nm (0-37 min,85-102 min) and 330 nm (37-85 min) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with an injection volume of 10 μL.RESULTS The similarity of HPLC fingerprints for 15 batches of Pinghuo tea standard decoction was not lower than 0.968.A total of 24 common peaks were calibrated and 9 peaks were recognized,which were as follows neochlorogenic acid (peak 3),chlorogenic acid (peak 6),geniposide (peak 9),glycyrrhizin (peak 10),galuteolin (peak 11),isochlorogenic acid A (peak 14),luteolin (peak 21),kaempferol (peak 23) and glycyrrhizic acid (peak 24).Cluster analysis,principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed consistent results,all of which could classify the 15 batches of samples into three categories.The linear range of indicator components in 15 batches of Pinghuo tea standard decoction,such as geniposide,luteolin,isochlorogenic acid A,glycyrrhizin,and glycyrrhizic acid,were 0.020580-0.411600,0.001617-0.080850,0.006076-0.607600,0.005125-0.071740,and 0.017288-0.432200 mg/mL,respectively;RSDs of precision,repeatability,stability and recovery rate tests were all not higher than 4％ (n=6).The mass fractions ranged 3.2279-10.0022,0.2974-0.5546,3.3501-6.1596,0.7206-1.0733,2.0031-3.0301 mg/g;transfer rates from the pieces and standard decoction were 19.7628％-35.8405％,12.1233％-21.2540％,46.0972％-82.8694％,58.7088％-91.6296％,39.1143％-63.7106％.The transfer rates of the extract from 15 batches of Pinghuo tea standard decoction ranged from 61.15％-84.68％.CONCLUSIONS Established HPLC fingerprint and content determination methods in this study are simple and accurate,which can provide reference for the quantitative value transfer study,quality control,clinical application and the development of subsequent formulations of Pinghuo tea standard decoction.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of general anesthesia versus conscious sedation in patients with endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Databases, including English databases PubMed, Embase and Cochrane, as well as Chinese databases Wan Fang Data and CNKI, were screened for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of general anesthesia versus conscious sedation on the effect of endovascular treatment for acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke. The searching period was from the establishment of databases to July 14, 2022. Two researchers independently screened literatures, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. And meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.Results:A total of 7 RCTs involving 923 patients were included, with 461 in the general anesthesia group and 462 in the other. As the meta-analysis showing, general anesthesia could significantly improve the good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score≤2) at 3 months after endovascular treatment in comparison with conscious sedation ( OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.01-1.78, P=0.04), and significantly increased the rate of successful revascularization ( OR=1.87, 95% CI 1.32-2.65, P<0.001). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in mortality ( OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.66-1.29, P=0.65), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage ( OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.57-1.35, P=0.55) and intervention-related complications ( OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.50-1.36, P=0.46). However, general anesthesia was associated with higher risk for both 20% reduction in mean arterial pressure ( OR=4.76, 95% CI 1.49-15.19, P=0.008) and pneumonia ( OR=2.58, 95% CI 1.51-4.39, P<0.001). Conclusions:Compared with conscious sedation, endovascular treatment under general anesthesia in patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke may contribute to better outcomes and higher successful revascularization. However, this method will lead to the risk of blood pressure variability and the incidence of pneumonia.

Objective:To analyze the feasibility and clinical efficacy of reperfusion-expanding-thrombectomy-stenting (RETS) technique in the endovascular treatment of acute carotid artery tandem lesion.Methods:The general clinical data of 88 patients with carotid artery tandem lesion who received emergency endovascular treatment from January 2018 to December 2020 in Department of Neurology, Linyi People′s Hospital were reviewed, the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used as the evaluation standard for the prognosis of patients at 90 days after endovascular treatment, and the clinical data were analyzed, including the recanalization (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2b), perioperative complications and 90-day prognosis, and good prognosis was defined as a mRS score of 0-2.Results:A total of 88 patients with tandem carotid artery disease were included,48 of whom were treated with RETS technique, 40 were treated with anterograde approach. Compared with antegrade recanalization, RETS technique had significant differences in the time from puncture to recanalization [(72.06±17.29) min vs (98.88±26.09) min, t=-5.56, P<0.001] and the primary recanalization rate [35/48(73.0%) vs 21/40(52.5%),χ2=3.93 ,P=0.047], with statistically significant difference. There was no significant difference in clinical prognosis and surgical complications between the two methods (all P>0.05). Conclusions:RETS technique can shorten the operation time and increase the primary recanalization rate. RETS technique is safe and feasible for the treatment of carotid tandem lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of β-arrestin1 overexpression on tumor progression in a NCG mouse model bearing T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) Molt-4 cell xenograft. METHODS: Molt-4 cells were tagged with firefly-luciferase (F-Luc) by lentiviral infection, and fluorescence intensity of the cells was detected using a luminescence detector. Molt-4 cell lines with β-arrestin1 overexpression or knockdown were constructed by lentivirus infection and injected the tail vein in sub-lethal irradiated NCG mice. Body weight changes and survival time of the xenografted mice were observed, and the progression of T-ALL in the mice was evaluated using an fluorescence imaging system. Sixteen days after xenografting, the mice were euthanatized and tumor cell infiltration was observed in the slices of the liver and spleen. RESULTS: We successfully tagged Molt-4 cells with F-Luc and overexpressed or knocked down β-arrestin1 in the tagged cells. Bioluminescent imaging showed obvious luminescence catalyzed by F-Luc in Molt-4 cells. After injection of Molt-4-Luc cells into irradiated NCG mice, a gradual enhancement of luminescence in the xenografted mice was observed over time, while the body weight of the mice decreased. Compared with the control mice, the mice xenografted with β-arrestin1-overexpressing Molt-4 cells had significantly prolonged survival time ( < 0.001), while the survival time of the mice xenografted with Molt-4 cells with β- arrestin1 knockdown was significantly shortened ( < 0.001). Histological examination revealed fewer infiltrating tumor cells in the liver and spleen of the mice xenografted with β-arrestin1-overexpressing Molt-4 cells in comparison with the mice bearing parental Molt-4 cell xenografts. CONCLUSIONS β-arrestin1 overexpression suppresses tumor progression in mice bearing Molt-4 cell xenograft.
Animals ; Disease Progression ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Mice ; T-Lymphocytes ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; beta-Arrestin 1

Objective To analyze the imaging features of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN).Methods The clinical data and chest imaging features of 55 cases with SPN confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed . Results Of the 55 patients,40 cases (80.00％) were lung cancer and 15 cases (20.00％) were benign lesions . The univariate analysis showed that the age of patients (t=2.972,P=0.004),lobulation sign (χ2 =7.018,P=0.008) and pleural indentation sign (χ2 =4.727,P=0.030) had statistically significant differences in distinguish of the benign and malignant nodules ,but the sex (χ2 =1.760,P=0.185),nodule site (χ2 =0.145,P=0.703),burrs (χ2 =0.555,P=0.456),cavity (χ2 =0.000,P=1.000),nodule size (t=0.608,P=0.546) and other factors had no significant difference.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.101,P=0.022) and lobulation sign (OR=6.187,P=0.026) were independent influencing factors for judgement of the benign and malig -nant SPN.Conclusion The age of patients,lobulation sign and the pleural indentation sign are related to the benign and malignant SPN .Age and lobulation sign are the independent influencing factors for judgement of the benign and malignant SPN .

BACKGROUNDOptic neuritis (ON) is often the first symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) while there has been very little research reported on ON combined with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The aim of this study is to provide different treatments and services for and NMO patients combined with SS.

METHODSTwenty-seven patients with ON combined SS were divided into two groups: corticosteroid group (C group, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 14 patients) and corticosteroid+ immunosuppressant group (C+I group, leflunomide, 13 patients). ON relapse times in 1 year after treatment, number of patients who relapsed to NMO/MS in 1 years, visual acuity and retina nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured. Mann Whitney-Wilcoxon test was used to compare continuous variables and Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was to compare proportions.

RESULTSON combined with SS patients had higher incidence rates in middle-aged women who have binocular damage and heavier visual function damage or when there is an easy relapse, and the patients are often hormone dependent. The patients are more likely anti-aquaporin-4 IgG seropositive (70.4%). They are liable to form a centrocecal scotoma and tubular vision. The times of relapse decreased in patients who used immunosuppressant, and a significant difference was found between immunosuppressant and non-immunosuppressant groups in visual acuity recovery during 6-month follow-up period (P < 0.05); however, the RNFL thickness at the four quadrants was not significantly different.

CONCLUSIONSThe effect of immunosuppressant plus corticosteroid on the early onset of ON combined with SS was to provide ON remedy and to prevent recurrence in clinics. This study provides a significant reference for the prevention and treatment of ON on the basis of immunosuppressant and corticosteroid.

Adolescent ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Optic Neuritis ; drug therapy ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Visual Acuity ; drug effects ; Young Adult

0.05),but elevated markedly and acutely to a peak level at 24 h after operation (P