Objective:To establish ferroptosis-related risk characteristics, to evaluate the prognostic correlation of ferroptosis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma, and to explore the complex relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma, ferroptosis and immune microenvironment.Methods:The bioinformatics analysis involved obtaining ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the GeneCards database and the cancer genome atlas database. The biological functions of ferroptosis-related DEGs were analyzed using gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment. Ferroptosis-related DEGs clusters were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis and cluster analysis, etc. The correlation between ferroptosis-related DEGs clusters and tumor immune microenvironment and tumor occurrence score was evaluated using immunopanoramic analysis and tumor-related score analysis. Based on ferroptosis-related characteristics, a ferroptosis-related characteristic spectrum and nomogram were constructed using multivariate Cox regression and correlation analysis, etc. The correlation between the risk characteristics and tumor immune microenvironment, tumor occurrence score and gene mutation were evaluated using immune panoramic analysis, tumor-related score analysis and gene mutation analysis. In the experimental verification stage, the mRNA expression levels of aurora kinase A ( Aurka), acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha ( Acaca) and arrestin domain containing 3 ( Arrdc3) in mouse primary hepatocytes and mouse hepatoma Hepa1-6 cells were verified by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR). The mRNA expression levels of AURKA, ACACA and ARRDC3 in adjacent normal tissues and tumor tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were verified by RT-qPCR. A heat map was used to show the correlation between clustering and clinical parameters, and this was analyzed using a chi-square test. Significance analysis was performed using a two-sided unpaired t test. Results:A total of 35 up-regulated genes and 19 down-regulated genes were identified. These genes were mainly involved in biological processes and signaling pathways related to ferroptosis, oxidative stress and fatty acid metabolism. A total of 14 ferroptosis-related DEGs were identified to be associated with prognosis. The clusterring effect was best when hepatocellular carcinoma patients were divided into two subgroups. The survival rate of cluster 2 was lower than that of cluster 1 ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score between cluster 2 and cluster 1 ( P=0.43). Cluster 1 exhibited higher levels of immune cell infiltration, particularly CD4 + T cells ( P<0.01). The expression levels of 10 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule-related genes were higher in cluster 1. The angiogenesis activity score ( P=0.048) and stemness score ( P=0.038) of cluster 2 were increased, and the expression levels of programmed death-1 ( PDCD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 ( CTLA-4) in cluster 2 (5.924±0.013 and 5.475±0.042) were higher than those in cluster 1 (4.539±0.143 and 4.372±0.176) (both P<0.05). The expression levels of AURKA, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenease ( G6PD), ACACA, GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1 ( GABARAPL1) and ARRDC3 were correlated with the T stage, clinical stage and survival status of hepatocellular carcinoma. The survival rate of the high-risk group was lower than that of the low-risk group with time ( P<0.01). The area under the curve of the risk characteristics at 1, 3 and 5 years was 0.797, 0.717 and 0.639, respectively. The actual survival time 1, 3, and 5 years was highly consistent with the corresponding predicted survival time. The levels of memory B cell infiltration, angiogenesis activity score and cell stemness score, programmed death-ligand 1, CTLA-4, hepatitis A virus cell receptor 2, lymphocyte activation gene 3 and PDCD1 gene expression (0.013 8±0.036 0, 0.884±0.212, 0.387±0.135, 6.273±0.228, 5.847±0.331, 8.179±0.259, 6.859±0.263 and 5.142±0.326) in the high-risk group were higher than those in the low-risk group (0.001 5±0.021 0, 0.874±0.132, 0.298±0.125, 5.866±0.132, 3.742±0.237, 7.236±0.321, 6.324±0.242 and 4.513±0.211) ( P<0.05, 0.01). The expression levels of MHC molecule-related genes in the high-risk group were also higher than those in the low-risk group ( P<0.05, 0.01), while the infiltration levels of resting mast cells, activated natural killer cells, and resting natural killer cells (0.043 2±0.135 0, 0.032 1±0.143 0 and 0.016 3±0.001 9) and the TIDE score (0.072 0±0.018 0) in the high-risk group were lower than those in the low-risk group (0.054 9±0.023 0, 0.042 7±0.017 0, 0.024 6±0.021 2 and 0.094 0±0.013 5) ( P<0.05, 0.01). The top five genes with the highest mutation frequency in the high-risk group were tumor protein P53 ( TP53, 43%), titin ( TTN, 21%), catenin beta 1 ( CTNNB1, 20%), mucin 16 ( MUC16, 18%) and piccolo presynaptic cytomatrix protein ( PCLO, 11%). The top five genes with the highest mutation frequency in the low-risk group were CTNNB1 (30%), TTN (24%), albumin ( ALB, 16%), MUC16 (15%) and PCLO (11%). The cube protein and PCLO showed the co-occurrence of gene mutations in the high-risk group, while MUC16 and axis 1 protein showed the co-occurrence of gene mutations in the low-risk group. There was no significant difference in tumor mutation burden (TMB) between the high-risk group (1.374±0.026) and the low-risk group (1.303±0.081) ( P=0.073). There was no significant difference in survival time between the high-TMB group (2.3 years) and the low-TMB group (3.8 years) ( P=0.293). The mutation rates of AURKA, G6PD, ACACA, GABARAPL1 and ARRDC3 genes (2.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 0.3% and 0.6%) were relatively low. The relative expression levels of Aurka, Acaca and Arrdc3 mRNA in Hepa1-6 cells (13.331±0.000, 6.619±0.000 and 1.209±0.002) were higher than those in mouse primary hepatocytes (1.000±0.000, 1.000±0.000 and 1.000±0.000) (all P<0.01). The relative expression levels of AURKA, ACACA and ARRDC3 mRNA in tumor tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2.102±0.365, 2.476±0.351 and 11.460±9.189) were higher than those in adjacent normal tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (1.122±0.648, 0.831±0.935 and 0.852±0.171) ( P<0.05, 0.01). Conclusions:This study constructed a prognostic signature comprising five ferroptosis-related genes ( AURKA, G6PD, ACACA, GABARAPL1, and ARRDC3) that is highly correlated with clinical hepatocellular carcinoma data. This study highlights the significance of ferroptosis-related genes as prognostic markers for hepatocellular carcinoma and provides insights into the complex relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma, ferroptosis, and the immune microenvironment.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of serum biomarkers in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.Methods A retrospective collection of laboratory test results,including blood analysis,liver function,lymphocyte counts,and cytokine levels,from 54 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Kunming between January 2021 and May 2024.Additionally,70 patients with simple pulmonary tuberculosis and 50 healthy individuals were collected as control groups to compare serum biomarker levels across the three groups and analyze relevant factors and diagnostic value for pulmonary tuberculosis patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.Results Among different age groups,the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was 29 cases(53.7％)in youth,15 cases(27.8％)in middle age,and 10 cases(18.5％)in the elderly.In terms of gender distribution,there were 41 males(75.9％)and 13 females(24.1％).The serum levels of CRP(6.85[2.10,27.0])ng/L,PCT(0.05[0.05,0.15])ng/mL,RBC(4.55±0.65)× 1012/L,Hb(129.13±19.10)g/L,TP(66.23±6.82)g/L,ALB(37.03±4.77)g/L,and CHOL(4.30[3.71,4.91])mmol/L in the invasive pulmonary aspergillosis group showed no significant difference compared to the simple tuberculosis group and healthy control group(P＞0.05).The levels of CD3+T,CD4+T,and CD8+T in the invasive pulmonary aspergillosis group were significantly lower than those in the simple tuberculosis group and healthy control group(P＜0.05).The levels of IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12p70,IFN-α,and TNF-α in the invasive pulmonary aspergillosis group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group(P＜0.05);IL-8,IL-12p70,and IFN-α were also higher compared to the simple tuberculosis group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion The population with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is predominantly male and younger.The serum indicators of infection severity and nutritional status in these patients are similar to those with simple tuberculosis and lack specificity;however,their immune function is significantly lower than that of simple tuberculosis patients.Multiple cytokines are elevated,particularly IL-8,IL-12p70,and IFN-α,which can aid in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis infection.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of professional self-efficacy between professional values and willingness to work on gerontological care of nursing students in higher vocational colleges.Methods:A total of 391 nursing students from Chengdu area full-time university were investigated by general information questionnaire, gerontological nursing career motivation questionnaire, professional values scale, and professional self-efficacy scale. Pearson correlation analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were performed by SPSS 21.0. Amos 26.0 was used to establish mediating effect model and verify the mediating effect.Results:The total score of 391 nursing students' willingness to work on gerontological care was (47.05±6.93), the willingness to work on gerontological care was positively correlated with professional self-efficacy and professional values ( r = 0.826, 0.775, respectively, all P<0.01), and professional self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between professional values and willingness to work on gerontological care, accounting for 64.82% of the total effect. Conclusions:The willingness to work on gerontological care of nursing students in higher vocational colleges is at a middle level. Professional values not only directly affect the willingness to work on gerontological care, but also indirectly take function through the professional self-efficacy. Professional self-efficacy plays a mediating role in professional values and willingness to work on gerontological care of nursing students in higher vocational colleges.

Objective:To investigate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cine sequences in determining the range of tumor motion in radiotherapy, providing a basis for the precise delineation of the target volume in motion for radiation therapy.Methods:A modified chest motion phantom was placed in a MRI scanner, and a water-filled sphere was used to simulate a tumor. True fast imaging with steady precession (TrueFISP) MRI cine sequences from Siemens were used to capture the two-dimensional motion images of the simulated tumor. The phantom experiments were divided into three modes: head-foot motion mode, rotation motion mode, and actual respiratory waveform mode. In the head-foot motion mode, respiratory motion period (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 s), amplitude (5, 10 and 15 mm), and respiratory waveform of the simulated tumor (sin and cos4) were set, resulting in a total of 36 motion combinations. In the rotation motion mode, a cos4 waveform was used for respiration, with respiratory periods of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 s, head-foot motion set amplitudes of 5, 10 and 15 mm, and anterior-posterior (AP) and left-right (LR) motion set amplitudes in three combinations ([2.5, 2.5] mm, [2.5, 5.0] mm, [5.0, 5.0] mm), resulting in a total of 54 motion combinations. In the actual respiratory waveform mode, respiratory waveforms of 5 randomly selected patients from Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University were obtained. Under each motion combination, TrueFISP cine images (30 frames, with an acquisition time of 11 s per frame) were obtained. The code was used to automatically identify the two-dimensional coordinates of the center of the simulated tumor in each image, and sin and cos4 functions were separately employed to fit the tumor position in the motion direction, thereby obtaining the fitted motion period and amplitude. The difference between the maximum and minimum values of the tumor's center coordinates in the head-to-foot direction is taken as the range of movement, referred to as the calculated amplitude. For the actual respiratory waveform, the distance between the measured maximum and minimum positions is used to calculate the amplitude.Results:In the head-foot motion mode, the fitted amplitudes of both sin and cos4 waveforms deviated from the set amplitudes by 0-0.51 mm, with relative deviations of 0%-4.2%. The deviation range between the calculated amplitudes and the set amplitudes of the two waveforms were 0.08-0.94 mm, with relative deviations of 1.1%-6.3%. In the rotation motion mode, the fitted amplitudes deviated from the set amplitudes by 0-0.61 mm, with relative deviations of 0%-6.2%. And the deviation range between the calculated amplitudes and the set amplitudes were 0.16-0.94 mm, with relative deviations of 0%-6.3%. In the actual respiratory waveform motion mode, the deviation range between the calculated amplitudes and the set amplitudes were 0.10-0.48 mm, with relative deviations of 2.2%-8.6%.Conclusion:TrueFISP cine sequences show minimal deviations in determining the range of tumor head-foot motion and effectively captures the tumor's movement state, thereby providing important support for the precise definition of the tumor movement target area during radiotherapy .

Objective:To investigate the level of functional fitness of elderly hypertensive patients in the community and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was used from November 2021 to September 2022, questionnaire survey and Senior Functional Fitness Test (SFT) were conducted on 189 elderly hypertensive patients in the community by convenience sampling method, multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of SFT in elderly hypertensive patients in the community.Results:Totally 189 cases of community-aged hypertensive patients completed the investigation, 88 cases were male and 101 were female. The total SFT score of community-aged hypertensive patients was (58.61 ± 16.07). Single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences in SFT scores among patients with different gender, age and education ( t=-2.57, F=6.24, 7.54, all P<0.05). Multifactorial analysis revealed that age ( t=-5.55), gender ( t=2.63), and literacy ( t=5.69) were influential factors in the total SFT scores of community-dwelling elderly hypertensive patients (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Age, gender, and literacy level are the main factors affecting the total SFT scores of elderly hypertensive patients in the community, and community caregivers should pay close attention to the above elderly hypertensive population.

Objective To investigate the effect of melanoma associated antigen D1 (Mage-D1)on mouse femoral bone mass and mineralization ability of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs)and its potential molecular mechanism.Methods Female Mage-D1 gene knockout heterozygous mice and male wild-type (WT)mice were subjected as parent mice to breed Mage-D1 gene knockout homozygous (Mage-D1 KO)mice.PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to identify male Mage-D1 knockout (Mage-D1 KO)mice and littermate male wild-type (WT)mice.Micro-CT scanning was performed to observe mouse femoral bone mass,and ELISA and chemical assay were employed to detect serum levels of calcium,phosphorus,calcitonin,and parathyroid hormone in mice.After primary cultured BMSCs were identified with flow cytometry,immunofluorescence staining was utilized to detect the expression of Mage-D1 in BMSCs.BMSCs were infected by Mage-D1 silencing lentivirus,and then the cells were divided into negative control group (sh-NC)and silencing group (sh-Mage-D1).Cell scratch assay was conducted to detect the migration ability of BMSCs,and flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay were conducted to detect the cycle change and proliferation ability of BMSCs.After mineralization induction,alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were performed;RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression levels of ALP,Runx2 and Col1.RT-qPCR was used to detect mineralization-related genes p75NTR and Msx1.Results Compared with the WT mice,the femoral cortical bone thickness,cortical bone mineral content,cancellous bone mineral content,trabecular number,and cancellous bone surface density were decreased,and trabecular separation was increased in the Mage-D1 knockout homozygous mice (P<0.05).There were no significant changes in the serum levels of calcium,phosphorus,calcitonin and parathyroid hormone in mice after Mage-D1 knockout.Mage-D1 was expressed in the whole BMSCs and was highly expressed in the nucleus and perinuclear regions.Compared with the sh-NC BMSCs,the sh-Mage-D1 group had decreased proliferation ability (P<0.01),enhanced migration ability (P<0.01),and decreased expression of ALP,Runx2 and Col1 genes (P<0.05)and protein (P<0.01)after mineralization induction,milder ALP and alizarin red stain,and lower expression levels of p75NTR and Msx1.Conclusion Mage-D1 knockout can significantly reduce femur bone mass in mice.It can promote the proliferation and inhibit migration of BMSCs,and positively regulate their mineralization in vitro,and the p75NTR-Dlx1/Msx1 signaling axis may be involved in the regulation of bone metabolism by Mage-D1.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of high-definition diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)sequence combined with T1 WI-fat suppression(FS)dynamic contrast enhancement(DCE)sequence for preoperative T-stage of rectal cancer by using 3.0T MRI standardized scanning.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on MRI images of 57 patients with rectal cancer confirmed by pathology.Before surgery,the patients underwent 3.0T MRI standardized rectal cancer scan methods,including routine sequence,high-definition DWI sequence,and T1 WI-FS DCE sequence,etc.Then two experienced physicians evaluated the T-stage of preoperative rectal cancer through high-definition DWI(transverse and sagittal sections)and T1 WI-FS DCE sequences in the double-blind method.Using the postoperative pathological results of rectal cancer as the"gold standard",two sequences were combined to evaluate the accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity of rectal cancer T-stage.Results Among the 57 cases,there were 9 cases of upper rectal cancer,39 cases of middle rectal cancer,and 9 cases of lower rectal cancer.The accuracy rates of preoperative T-stage diagnosis for rectal cancer by two evaluator were both 85.7％(6/7)in T1 stage,88.2％(15/17)and 94.1％(16/17)in T2 stage,96.9％(31/32)and 93.8％(30/32)in T3 stage,and both 100.0％(1/1)in T4 stage.For evaluator 1,the sensitivity and specificity of the rectal cancer T-stage diagnosis were 96.1％and 83.3％,and for evaluator 2 were 94.1％and 83.3％,respectively.For rectal cancer MRI diagnosis,the accuracy rates and sensitivity were higher when combining the high-definition DWI sequence and T1 WI-FS DCE sequence,compared with a single high-definition DWI sequence or T1 WI-FS DCE sequence,and the difference was statistically significant.The average preoperative apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value of rectal cancer was compared between the corresponding postoperative pathological T1 to T4 stage groups,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion The combination of high-definition DWI sequence and T1 WI-FS DCE sequence improves the accuracy of rectal cancer T-stage,providing assistance for personalized clinical treatment.

Objective:To retrospect the blood transfusion status of patients with extensive burns in multiple centers and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. Clinical data of 455 patients with extensive burns who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the burn centers of 3 hospitals from January 2016 to June 2022 were collected, including 202 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 179 patients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and 74 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The following data were collected from patients during their hospitalization, including infusion of red blood cells, plasma, and platelets during hospitalization; age, gender, body mass index, combined underlying diseases, cause of injury, time of admission after injury, type of admission, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, combination of inhalation injury, combination of other trauma, and combination of pulmonary edema; the blood lactic acid, serum creatinine, total bilirubin, and albumin values within 24 h of admission; combination of bloodstream, wound, lung, and urinary tract infection, and combination of sepsis; the number of escharectomy or tangential excision and skin grafting surgery (hereinafter referred to as surgery) and total surgical blood loss volume; occurrence of hemoglobin<70 g/L, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), conduction of mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), length of hospital stay, and prognosis were recorded. In 602 surgeries of patients within 14 days after injury, data including area of escharectomy or tangential excision and skin graft harvesting, duration of operation, and surgical blood loss volume per surgery, operation site, and use of tourniquet and wound graft were collected. Data were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Spearman correlation analysis. Combined with the results of single factor analysis and clinical significance, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to screen the independent influencing factors of red blood cell infusion volume and plasma infusion volume, as well as blood loss volume per surgery. Results:During the whole hospitalization period, 437 (96.0%) patients received blood transfusion therapy, including 435 (95.6%) patients, 410 (90.1%) patients, and 73 (16.0%) patients who received transfusion of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets, respectively. The patients were mainly male, aged 18 to 92 years. There were statistically significant differences in the plasma infusion volume among patients with different combination of underlying disease, combination of inhalation injury, combination of other trauma, combination of pulmonary edema, combination of bloodstream infection, combination of wound infection, combination of lung infection, combination of urinary tract infection, combination of sepsis, occurrence of hemoglobin value <70 g/L, admission to ICU, conduction of mechanical ventilation, and conduction of CRRT (with Z values of -2.06, -4.67, -2.11, -6.13, -9.56, -4.93, -8.08, -4.78, -9.12, -6.55, -9.37, -11.46, and -7.17, respectively, P<0.05). The total burn area, full-thickness burn area, blood lactic acid value within 24 h of admission, serum creatinine value within 24 h of admission, albumin value within 24 h of admission, number of surgeries, and total surgical blood loss volume were correlated with the plasma infusion volume of patients (with r values of 0.39, 0.51, 0.14, 0.28, -0.13, 0.47, and 0.56, respectively, P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the red blood cell infusion volume among patients with different gender, combination of inhalation injury, combination of other trauma, combination of pulmonary edema, combination of bloodstream infection, combination of wound infection, combination of lung infection, combination of urinary tract infection, combination of sepsis, occurrence of hemoglobin value <70 g/L, admission to ICU, conduction of mechanical ventilation, and conduction of CRRT (with Z values of -2.00, -4.34, -3.10, -4.22, -8.24, -7.66, -8.62, -4.75, -7.42, -9.36, -6.12, and -8.31, -6.64, respectively, P<0.05). The age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, blood lactic acid value within 24 h of admission, serum creatinine value within 24 h of admission, total bilirubin value within 24 h of admission, number of surgeries, and total surgical blood loss volume were correlated with the red blood cell infusion volume of patients (with r values of 0.12, 0.22, 0.49, 0.09, 0.18, 0.13, -0.15, 0.69, and 0.77, respectively, P<0.05). Combined underlying diseases, full-thickness burn area, combined pulmonary edema, serum creatinine value within 24 h of admission, combined sepsis, conduction of CRRT, number of surgeries, and total surgical blood loss volume were the independent influencing factors for plasma infusion volume during hospitalization in patients with extensive burns (with standardized regression coefficients of 0.09, 0.16, 0.12, 0.07, 0.11, 0.15, 0.31, and 0.26, respectively, P<0.05). Female, full-thickness burn area, serum creatinine value within 24 h of admission, combined sepsis, occurrence of hemoglobin value <70 g/L, conduction of CRRT, and total surgical blood loss volume were the independent influencing factors for red blood cell infusion volume during hospitalization in patients with extensive burns (with standardized regression coefficients of 0.10, 0.12, 0.10, 0.11, 0.05, 0.19, and 0.54, respectively, P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in blood loss volume per surgery of patients with different surgical site and wound graft (with Z values of -2.54 and -2.27, respectively, P<0.05). The area of escharectomy or tangential excision and skin graft harvesting and duration of operation were correlated with the blood loss volume per surgery of patients (with r values of 0.40 and 0.21, respectively, P<0.05). The area of escharectomy or tangential excision and skin graft harvesting, duration of operation, and active wound grafts were the independent influencing factors for blood loss volume per surgery of patients with extensive burns (with standardized regression coefficients of 0.41, 0.16, and 0.12, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:The major factors influencing blood transfusion status in patients with extensive burns are female, combined underlying diseases, full-thickness burn area, serum creatinine value within 24 h of admission, combined pulmonary edema, occurrence of hemoglobin value <70 g/L, combined sepsis, conduction of CRRT, number of surgery, and total surgical blood loss volume. In addition, the area of escharectomy or tangential excision and skin graft harvesting, duration of operation, and active wound grafts indirectly affect the patient's blood transfusion status by affecting the blood loss volume per surgery.

Pain after burns is a very common problem in children. Severe pain will not only hinder treatment, but also damage children's mental health if not handled in time. Therefore, pain management is very important in treating children with burns. As a safe, effective, and convenient non-drug therapy, music therapy has great advantages in relieving pain and is widely used in a variety of clinical fields. This paper focused on music therapy and its mechanism of pain relief, the current status of research on pain management of pediatric burns, the application and prospect of music therapy in pain management of pediatric burns, etc., to provide reference for clinical application.

Mortality due to severe burns has always been at a high level. A large number of studies have shown that the rapid onset of infectious symptoms and rapid progression of severely burned patients are closely related to the occurrence of cytokine storm. However, in clinical practice, cytokine storm monitoring, early warning, and symptomatic treatment are still in exploratory stage. This article reviews the cytokine storm and its related cytokines, the mechanism, early warning, and treatment of cytokine storm induced by burn infection, aiming to provide clinical references for reducing infection and mortality in severely burned patients.