Objective To explore the safety of Yttrium-90 resin microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) on malignant liver tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 64 patients with malignant liver tumors who underwent ⁹⁰Y-SIRT from February 2023 to November 2024 at Weifang People’s Hospital. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the occurrence of adverse reactions after treatment were analyzed to assess the safety of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT. Results Among the 64 patients, there were 52 males (81.25%) and 12 females (18.75%); the average age was (56.29±11.08) years. Seven patients (10.94%) had tumors with maximum diameter of less than 5 cm, 38 patients (59.38%) had tumors with maximum diameter of 5-10 cm, and 19 patients (29.68%) had tumors with maximum diameter of greater than 10 cm. There were 47 cases (73.44%) of solitary lesions and 17 cases (26.56%) of multiple lesions; 53 cases (82.81%) were primary liver cancers and 11 cases (17.19%) were metastatic liver cancers. Of the 64 patients, 63 successfully completed the Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (^99mTc-MAA) perfusion test and received the ⁹⁰Y-SIRT; one patient received ⁹⁰Y-SIRT after the second ^99mTc-MAA perfusion test due to a work error. The most common adverse reactions included grade 1 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in 26 cases (40.62%) and grade 2 in 2 cases (9.37%), grade 1 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation in 27 cases (42.18%) and grade 2 in 7 cases (10.93%); grade 1 nausea in 17 cases (26.56%) and grade 2 in 6 cases (9.37%); grade 1 abdominal pain in 12 cases (18.75%), grade 2 in 5 cases (7.81%), and grade 3 in 1 case (1.56%); grade 1 vomiting in 11 cases (17.18%), grade 2 in 5 cases (7.81%), and grade 3 in 1 case (1.56%). Conclusion The adverse reactions of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT for treating malignant liver tumors are mild, indicating good safety.

Objective The pathophysiological process of acute high-altitude hypoxia-induced lung injury affects protein expression levels,which are mainly evaluated by Western blot.No systematic study has investigated changes in internal control proteins as calibration loading amounts.Methods Lung injury at an altitude of 6000 m was induced in a low-pressure,low-oxygen chamber for 8,24,and 72 h using C57BL/6J mice.Establishment of the model was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Expression levels of various internal control proteins,including vinculin,α-tubulin,eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5(EIF5),β-actin,and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)were detected by Western blot,and total protein expression was detected by Coomassie blue staining.Furthermore,the lung injury model in vitro was establised by using,Bronchial epithelial cell(BZAS-2B)andhunman umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECS)confirmed by TUNEL staining.Expression levels of internal control proteins were detected by Western blot,and total protein expression was detected by Coomassie Blue staining.Results Acute 8,24,and 72 h hypoxic models were successfully established in lung tissue,demonstrating consistent total protein expression and stable levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,andβ-actin.GAPDH expression was elevated in the HH8 h,HH24 h,and HH72 h groups compared with the normoxia(Nor)group,but only the increase at HH72 h groups was significant.Similarly,8,24,and 48 h hypoxic models were successfully established in BEAS-2B cells and HUVECs,with consistent total protein expression.In BEAS-2B cells,expression levels of the internal reference proteins β-actin and GAPDH were consistent with the normoxic control(NC)group,while vinculin,α-tubulin,and EIF5 expression levels were significantly reduced under hypoxic conditions for up to 24 h.In HUVECs,vinculin and α-tubulin expression levels were also consistent with the NC group,while EIF5,β-actin,and GAPDH expression levels were significantly reduced at 8 h and increased at 48 h.Conclusions Acute hypoxia induces lung tissue injury,and protein expression levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,and β-actin are stable,making them suitable internal references for Western blot.Additionally,Western blot detected differential expression levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,β-actin,and GAPDH in BEAS-2B cells and HUVECs,as the most important in vitro lung tissue models of hypoxia-induced injury.

The impact of vaccines on public health and their effectiveness in controlling infectious diseases partly depends on their coverage rate, which refers to the proportion of individuals vaccinated within a specific population. Vaccination coverage is foundational data for vaccine immunization programs, a key parameter for evaluating and monitoring the implementation of vaccination plans, and an important data point in real-world post-market studies of vaccines. Additionally, research on vaccination coverage is becoming increasingly prevalent in vaccine evaluation, primarily used to establish the risk of disease incidence in populations with different vaccination coverage rates in order to assess the protective effectiveness of vaccines. This paper reviews the research methods used to assess vaccine coverage both domestically and internationally, as well as their applications in evaluating vaccine effectiveness. It also analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different research methods for measuring vaccination coverage and discusses the significance of monitoring and improving vaccine coverage rates. The goal is to promote research and application of vaccination coverage rates in China, providing a scientific basis for post-market vaccine studies and for local administrative departments to formulate immunization policies.

Objective The pathophysiological process of acute high-altitude hypoxia-induced lung injury affects protein expression levels,which are mainly evaluated by Western blot.No systematic study has investigated changes in internal control proteins as calibration loading amounts.Methods Lung injury at an altitude of 6000 m was induced in a low-pressure,low-oxygen chamber for 8,24,and 72 h using C57BL/6J mice.Establishment of the model was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Expression levels of various internal control proteins,including vinculin,α-tubulin,eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5(EIF5),β-actin,and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)were detected by Western blot,and total protein expression was detected by Coomassie blue staining.Furthermore,the lung injury model in vitro was establised by using,Bronchial epithelial cell(BZAS-2B)andhunman umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECS)confirmed by TUNEL staining.Expression levels of internal control proteins were detected by Western blot,and total protein expression was detected by Coomassie Blue staining.Results Acute 8,24,and 72 h hypoxic models were successfully established in lung tissue,demonstrating consistent total protein expression and stable levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,andβ-actin.GAPDH expression was elevated in the HH8 h,HH24 h,and HH72 h groups compared with the normoxia(Nor)group,but only the increase at HH72 h groups was significant.Similarly,8,24,and 48 h hypoxic models were successfully established in BEAS-2B cells and HUVECs,with consistent total protein expression.In BEAS-2B cells,expression levels of the internal reference proteins β-actin and GAPDH were consistent with the normoxic control(NC)group,while vinculin,α-tubulin,and EIF5 expression levels were significantly reduced under hypoxic conditions for up to 24 h.In HUVECs,vinculin and α-tubulin expression levels were also consistent with the NC group,while EIF5,β-actin,and GAPDH expression levels were significantly reduced at 8 h and increased at 48 h.Conclusions Acute hypoxia induces lung tissue injury,and protein expression levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,and β-actin are stable,making them suitable internal references for Western blot.Additionally,Western blot detected differential expression levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,β-actin,and GAPDH in BEAS-2B cells and HUVECs,as the most important in vitro lung tissue models of hypoxia-induced injury.

The impact of vaccines on public health and their effectiveness in controlling infectious diseases partly depends on their coverage rate, which refers to the proportion of individuals vaccinated within a specific population. Vaccination coverage is foundational data for vaccine immunization programs, a key parameter for evaluating and monitoring the implementation of vaccination plans, and an important data point in real-world post-market studies of vaccines. Additionally, research on vaccination coverage is becoming increasingly prevalent in vaccine evaluation, primarily used to establish the risk of disease incidence in populations with different vaccination coverage rates in order to assess the protective effectiveness of vaccines. This paper reviews the research methods used to assess vaccine coverage both domestically and internationally, as well as their applications in evaluating vaccine effectiveness. It also analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different research methods for measuring vaccination coverage and discusses the significance of monitoring and improving vaccine coverage rates. The goal is to promote research and application of vaccination coverage rates in China, providing a scientific basis for post-market vaccine studies and for local administrative departments to formulate immunization policies.

The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University has taken the lead in promoting the construction of a close-knit medical association in the form of a specialty alliance with Wanbailin District Central Hospital of Taiyuan City.Based on the"five-in-one"synergistic management framework of organization-interest-process-informa-tion-culture,the alliance has realized the hard constraints of diagnosis and treatment and institutional norms and the soft integration of alliance culture in five aspects,including performance assessment,two-way referral,information interconnection and the establishment of a community of interest.From the five aspects of organization construc-tion,performance assessment,two-way referral,information interconnection and establishment of community of interests,the hard constraints of diagnosis and treatment and system norms and the soft integration of alliance cul-ture have been realized,which has improved the operational efficiency and medical service quality of the specialty al-liance.

Objective The myocardial injury was induced by hypobaric hypoxia through regulating the expression of various proteins.The expression of proteins was mainly detected by western blot,but the selection of internal reference proteins and their variations have not been systematically studied.Methods Myocardial injury was induced in a low-pressure,low-oxygen chamber simulating an altitude of 6000 m,for 24 and 72 h.Establishment of the myocardial injury model was confirmed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining.Expression levels of internal control proteins,including vinculin,α-tubulin,eukaryotic translation initiation factor-5(EIF5),β-actin,glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),cyclophilin B,and cofilin,were detected by Western Blot and total protein expression was detected by Ponceau S and Coomassie Blue staining.An adult mouse cardiomyocytes(AMCMs)injury model was induced by hypoxia for 12 and 24 h and confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL staining).Internal control proteins were detected by Western Blot,as in the in vivo model,and total protein expression was detected by Ponceau S and Coomassie Blue staining.Results A myocardial injury model was established by hypobaric hypoxia for 24 and 72 h,the total protein expression levels remained consistent.The expression of internal control proteins including vinculin,EIF5,β-actin,cyclophilin B,and cofilin was consistent between the control and model groups.Expression levels of α-tubulin were similar in the plain control and 24 h hypobaric hypoxia group,but were significantly lower in the 72 h hypobaric hypoxia group compared with the plain control group.GAPDH expression was significantly higher in the 24 and 72 h hypobaric hypoxia groups than in the plain control group.An AMCM injury model was established by hypoxia for 12 and 24 h.Total protein levels and expression levels of the internal control proteins EIF5 and β-actin were consistent,but vinculin,α-tubulin,GAPDH,cyclophilin B,and cofilin expression levels were higher in both hypoxia groups compared with the normoxic control group.Conclusions EIF5 and β-actin may be the suitable loading control proteins for studies of hypobaric hypoxia-induced myocardial injury using Western Blot.Total protein is also a good choice for hypobaric hypoxia studies.

Sinopodophyllum hexandruma is a traditional Chinese medicine in China,which is mostly distributed in Gansu,Shaanxi,Sichuan,Qinghai,Yunnan and Xizang,etc.In recent years,with the gradual deepening of the research on the chemical composition and pharmacology-toxicology of Sinopodophyllum hexandruma,its antitumour and antiviral pharmacodynamic evaluation has increasingly become a research hotspot in the industry.Based on the chemical structure,pharmacological properties and the theoretical basis of quality markers(Q-markers),this paper presents an in-depth literature review and analysis of the chemical composition,pharmacological activities and Q-markers of Sinopodophyllum hexandruma,and systematically explores and predicts the Q-markers of Sinopodophyllum hexandruma.It is proposed that Podophyllotoxin,picropodophyllotoxin,podophyllotoxinone,quercetin,kaempferol,quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside can be used as the Q-marker of Sinopodophyllum hexandruma.In the later stage,these index components can be selected to control the whole quality of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum,and provide some data support and theoretical reference for the quality evaluation of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum.

Objective The myocardial injury was induced by hypobaric hypoxia through regulating the expression of various proteins.The expression of proteins was mainly detected by western blot,but the selection of internal reference proteins and their variations have not been systematically studied.Methods Myocardial injury was induced in a low-pressure,low-oxygen chamber simulating an altitude of 6000 m,for 24 and 72 h.Establishment of the myocardial injury model was confirmed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining.Expression levels of internal control proteins,including vinculin,α-tubulin,eukaryotic translation initiation factor-5(EIF5),β-actin,glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),cyclophilin B,and cofilin,were detected by Western Blot and total protein expression was detected by Ponceau S and Coomassie Blue staining.An adult mouse cardiomyocytes(AMCMs)injury model was induced by hypoxia for 12 and 24 h and confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL staining).Internal control proteins were detected by Western Blot,as in the in vivo model,and total protein expression was detected by Ponceau S and Coomassie Blue staining.Results A myocardial injury model was established by hypobaric hypoxia for 24 and 72 h,the total protein expression levels remained consistent.The expression of internal control proteins including vinculin,EIF5,β-actin,cyclophilin B,and cofilin was consistent between the control and model groups.Expression levels of α-tubulin were similar in the plain control and 24 h hypobaric hypoxia group,but were significantly lower in the 72 h hypobaric hypoxia group compared with the plain control group.GAPDH expression was significantly higher in the 24 and 72 h hypobaric hypoxia groups than in the plain control group.An AMCM injury model was established by hypoxia for 12 and 24 h.Total protein levels and expression levels of the internal control proteins EIF5 and β-actin were consistent,but vinculin,α-tubulin,GAPDH,cyclophilin B,and cofilin expression levels were higher in both hypoxia groups compared with the normoxic control group.Conclusions EIF5 and β-actin may be the suitable loading control proteins for studies of hypobaric hypoxia-induced myocardial injury using Western Blot.Total protein is also a good choice for hypobaric hypoxia studies.

In the context of aging population, the issue of polypharmacy among elderly patients with mental disorders has become increasingly prominent.Cognitive decline and depressive symptoms render these patients more vulnerable to medication-related risks, while poorly managed physical illnesses further complicate their treatment.To address these challenges, this paper proposes a series of management strategies that emphasize the critical role of pharmacists in conducting medication reviews.A comprehensive assessment of drug risks, benefits, and patient adherence is essential.The proposed strategies not only require careful consideration of patients' clinical needs and individual preferences but also highlight the importance of multidisciplinary team collaboration to reach a consensus on medication therapy.The use of clinical decision support systems as an auxiliary tool is recommended to enhance the scientific rigor of medication decision-making.Furthermore, pharmacists can optimize medication regimens through scientifically validated methods and promote patient or family involvement in self-management to improve acceptance and adherence to treatment adjustments.