Objective: To develop a simple digital chylous plasma device and validate its ability to accurately, standardly, and non-destructively determine chylous plasma in blood banks and clinical transfusions in hospitals. Methods: A digital chylous plasma assessment device was designed and manufactured. This device was used to measure the chylous degrees of chylous plasma samples before freezing, after freeze-thawing, before viral inactivation, and after viral inactivation. The measured chylosity index values were categorized according to the requirements specified in Appendix A of the Chinese national standard GB 18469-2001 "Quality Requirements for Whole Blood and Blood Components". This process established a digital standard for chylous plasma, enabling the identification of severe, moderate and mild chylous plasma, and non-chylous plasma. Results: The initial simple product of the digital chylous assessment device was successfully designed and manufactured. There was no significant difference in the degree of chylous plasma between pre-freezing 468.11±217.73 lux and post-thawing 538.91±273.39 lux of chylous plasma (P>0.05), or between pre-viral inactivation 858.33±387.79 lux and post-viral inactivation 928.33±166.51 lux of chylous plasma (P>0.05). The median of chylous degree values for plasma chylous index grades 0 to 6 were 45 lux, 250 lux, 620 lux, 835 lux, 1 130 lux, 1 390 lux, and 1 700 lux, respectively. The defined cutoff values/ranges for the chylous degree values corresponding to plasma chylous index grade 0 to 6 were ≤125 lux, 126-465 lux, 466-740 lux, 741-1 000 lux, 1 001-1 233 lux, 1 234-1 560 lux, and ≥1 561 lux. Conclusion: This study successfully developed the initial product of the digital chylous device and established digital standards for classifying chylous plasma. The device demonstrates the potential to meet the needs for assessment of chylous plasma in both blood banks and clinical transfusions in hospitals, thereby promoting the development and application of standardized, non-destructive chylous plasma assessment technology.

Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for the development of a new generation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. They have found extensive applications in the fields of medicine, food, and agriculture. However, efficiently screening AMPs from natural sources poses several challenges, including low efficiency and high antibiotic resistance. This review focuses on the action mechanisms of AMPs, both through membrane and non-membrane routes. We thoroughly examine various highly efficient AMP screening methods, including whole-bacterial adsorption binding, cell membrane chromatography (CMC), phospholipid membrane chromatography binding, membrane-mediated capillary electrophoresis (CE), colorimetric assays, thin layer chromatography (TLC), fluorescence-based screening, genetic sequencing-based analysis, computational mining of AMP databases, and virtual screening methods. Additionally, we discuss potential developmental applications for enhancing the efficiency of AMP discovery. This review provides a comprehensive framework for identifying AMPs within complex natural product systems.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of 1q21.1 microdeletion by using single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays (SNP array).Methods:Eighteen cases of 1q21.1 microdeletion syndrome diagnosed at the Longgang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shenzhen City from June 2017 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data of the patients were collected. Results of chromosomal karyotyping and SNP assay were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 18 cases with 1q21.1 microdeletions, 13 had a deletion between BP3 and BP4, 4 had a deletion between BP1/BP2 and BP4, whilst 1 had a proximal 1q21.1 deletion (between BP2 and BP3) involving the Thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) region. The deletions had spanned from 360 kb to 3.9 Mb, which encompassed the GJA5, GJA8, CHD1L, RBM8AB and other morbid genes. In three families, the proband child has inherited the same 1q21.1 microdeletion from their parents, whose clinical phenotype was normal or slightly abnormal. The clinical phenotypes of 1q21.1 microdeletion had included cognitive or behavioral deficits in 9 cases (9/18, 50.0%), growth retardation in 8 cases (8/18, 44.4%), craniofacial deformities in 7 cases (7/18, 38.8%), cardiovascular malformations in 5 cases (5/18, 27.8%), and microcephaly in 3 cases (3/18, 16.7%). Conclusion:1q21.1 microdeletion syndrome has incomplete penetrance and varied expression such as intellectual impairment, growth and development delay, and microcephaly, with a wide range of non-specific phenotypes.

Objective:To investigate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cine sequences in determining the range of tumor motion in radiotherapy, providing a basis for the precise delineation of the target volume in motion for radiation therapy.Methods:A modified chest motion phantom was placed in a MRI scanner, and a water-filled sphere was used to simulate a tumor. True fast imaging with steady precession (TrueFISP) MRI cine sequences from Siemens were used to capture the two-dimensional motion images of the simulated tumor. The phantom experiments were divided into three modes: head-foot motion mode, rotation motion mode, and actual respiratory waveform mode. In the head-foot motion mode, respiratory motion period (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 s), amplitude (5, 10 and 15 mm), and respiratory waveform of the simulated tumor (sin and cos4) were set, resulting in a total of 36 motion combinations. In the rotation motion mode, a cos4 waveform was used for respiration, with respiratory periods of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 s, head-foot motion set amplitudes of 5, 10 and 15 mm, and anterior-posterior (AP) and left-right (LR) motion set amplitudes in three combinations ([2.5, 2.5] mm, [2.5, 5.0] mm, [5.0, 5.0] mm), resulting in a total of 54 motion combinations. In the actual respiratory waveform mode, respiratory waveforms of 5 randomly selected patients from Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University were obtained. Under each motion combination, TrueFISP cine images (30 frames, with an acquisition time of 11 s per frame) were obtained. The code was used to automatically identify the two-dimensional coordinates of the center of the simulated tumor in each image, and sin and cos4 functions were separately employed to fit the tumor position in the motion direction, thereby obtaining the fitted motion period and amplitude. The difference between the maximum and minimum values of the tumor's center coordinates in the head-to-foot direction is taken as the range of movement, referred to as the calculated amplitude. For the actual respiratory waveform, the distance between the measured maximum and minimum positions is used to calculate the amplitude.Results:In the head-foot motion mode, the fitted amplitudes of both sin and cos4 waveforms deviated from the set amplitudes by 0-0.51 mm, with relative deviations of 0%-4.2%. The deviation range between the calculated amplitudes and the set amplitudes of the two waveforms were 0.08-0.94 mm, with relative deviations of 1.1%-6.3%. In the rotation motion mode, the fitted amplitudes deviated from the set amplitudes by 0-0.61 mm, with relative deviations of 0%-6.2%. And the deviation range between the calculated amplitudes and the set amplitudes were 0.16-0.94 mm, with relative deviations of 0%-6.3%. In the actual respiratory waveform motion mode, the deviation range between the calculated amplitudes and the set amplitudes were 0.10-0.48 mm, with relative deviations of 2.2%-8.6%.Conclusion:TrueFISP cine sequences show minimal deviations in determining the range of tumor head-foot motion and effectively captures the tumor's movement state, thereby providing important support for the precise definition of the tumor movement target area during radiotherapy .

Objective To develop"a guideline for pressure injury risk assessment and prevention of neonates in NICU",and to provide guidance and references for clinical staff in the implementation of pressure injury assessment and prevention for neonates in NICU.Methods Based on the World Health 0rganization Guideline Development Manual and the results of systematic search for identified clinical problems,the GRADE method was used to evaluate the evidence and grade the recommendations,and the RIGHT report specifications were referred to for writing,and the guideline was developed and revised according to the results and recommendations of the expert review,so as to form the official guideline.Results The guideline included 2 aspects of pressure injury risk assessment and prevention,resulting in 12 clinical questions and 19 recommendations.Conclusion The guideline for risk assessment and prevention of pressure injury of neonates in NICU is an evidence-based guideline based on the best available evidence,clinical practice,and professional judgment,and it can provide a practical basis for scientific decision-making by clinical staff and managers.

Objective To develop"guideline for risk assessment and prevention of noninvasive ventilation related facial pressure injuries in adults"and to provide a reference for clinical medical staff to evaluate and prevent noninvasive ventilation related facial pressure injuries.Methods Referring to the"WHO Guideline Development Manual",clinical problems were formed through 3 rounds of Delphi expert consultation.The relevant recommendation opinions and evidence were screened,extracted,integrated and evaluated to form a draft consensus.Through a round of Delphi expert consultation and a round of expert consensus meeting,expert opinions were combined to modify and improve the content of each item to form a final draft of the expert consensus.Results Recommendations for the constructed guideline included 7 aspects of risk factors,high-risk sites,assessment tools,assessment timing and content,selection of non-invasive ventilation equipment,selection of dressings,and preventive measures,including 7 clinical questions and 15 recommendations.Conclusion The"guideline for risk assessment and prevention of noninvasive ventilation related facial pressure injuries in adults"was an evidence-based guideline based on the best evidence,Chinese clinical reality,and professional judgment,and it can provide practice bases for scientific clinical decisions making by clinical medical staff and managers.

Objective To understand the changing distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Proteus,Morganella and Providencia in hospitals across China from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out following the unified CHINET protocol.The results were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints in the 2021 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)M100(31 st Edition).Results A total of 32 433 Enterobacterales strains were isolated during the 7-year period,including 24 160 strains of Proteus,6 704 strains of Morganella,and 1 569 strains of Providencia.The overall number of these Enterobacterales isolates increased significantly over the 7-year period.The top 3 specimen source of these strains were urine,lower respiratory tract specimens,and wound secretions.Proteus,Morganella,and Providencia isolates showed lower resistance rates to amikacin,meropenem,cefoxitin,cefepime,cefoperazone-sulbactam,and piperacillin-tazobactam.For most of the antibiotics tested,less than 10％of the Proteus and Morganella strains were resistant,while less than 20％of the Providencia strains were resistant.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)was 1.4％in Proteus isolates,1.9％in Morganella isolates,and 15.6％in Providencia isolates.Conclusions The overall number of clinical isolates of Proteus,Morganella and Providencia increased significantly in the 7-year period from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of CRE strains also increased.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and rational antibiotic use so as to prevent the emergence and increase of antimicrobial resistance.

Objective:To investigate effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)MAFG antisense RNA1(MAFG-AS1)target-ing miR-3180-3p on proliferation and apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:MAFG-AS1 and miR-3180-3p expressions in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and corresponding normal mucosa were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC4 was used as research object to construct oral squamous cell carcinoma lines that interfered with MAFG-AS1,overexpressed miR-3180-3p or miR-3180-3p inhibition.Cell viability,clonal formation numbers,apoptosis rate,cleaved cleaved-cas-pase 3 and cleaved-caspase 9 expressions were detected by CCK-8,plane cloning experiment,flow cytometry and Western blot,re-spectively.Targeting relationship between MAFG-AS1 and miR-3180-3p was assessed with luciferase reporter experiment.Results:Compared with normal mucosa,MAFG-AS1 expression was remarkably increased(P<0.05),while miR-3180-3p expression was re-markably decreased(P<0.05)in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues.Interference with MAFG-AS1 or miR-3180-3p overexpression could reduce HSC4 cell viability and clonal formation numbers(P<0.05),promote cell apoptosis(P<0.05),and up-regulate expres-sions of cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 9 proteins(P<0.05).miR-3180-3p was direct target of MAFG-AS1,and MAFG-AS1 negatively regulates miR-3180-3p expression.miR-3180-3p inhibition could increase HSC4 cell viability and colony formation number(P<0.05),inhibit cell apoptosis(P<0.05),and down-regulate cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 9 protein expressions(P<0.05),thereby weakening effect of interference with MAFG-AS1 on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion on HSC4 cells(P<0.05).Conclusion:Interfering with MAFG-AS1 can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells HSC4 by up-regulating miR-3180-3p expression.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of distress disclosure between perceived social support and psychological distress in colorectal cancer patients.Methods:The convenient sampling method was used to select 220 postoperative colorectal cancer patients who were reviewed in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from February to August 2023 as the research objetcs. The Distress Disclosure Index (DDI), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and Chinese version of Screening Tool for Psychological Distress in Cancer Patients were used to conduct the survey.Results:A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and 213 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 96.82%. The total score of the Chinese version of Screening Tool for Psychological Distress in Cancer Patients for colorectal cancer patients was (4.31±2.46), the total score of the DDI was (37.26±9.97), and the total score of the PSSS was (57.82±14.60). Pearson correlation analysis showed that psychological distress was negatively correlated with distress disclosure in colorectal patients ( P<0.01), distress disclosure was positively correlated with perceived social support ( P<0.01), and psychological distress was negatively correlated with perceived social support ( P<0.01). The mediating effect results showed that the direct effect of perceived social support on psychological distress was -0.359 ( P<0.01), and the mediating effect between perceived social support and psychological distress was -0.227 ( P<0.01), which acted as a partial mediating effect with the mediating effect accounting for 38.74% of the total effect. Conclusions:Perceived social support can not only directly affect the psychological distress of colorectal cancer patients, but also indirectly affect psychological distress through distress disclosure. Clinical staffs should take certain interventions to improve the level of patients' perceived social support and distress disclosure, so as to improve the psychological distress of patients.

Objective:To construct the evaluation index system of core competence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) specialist nurses.Methods:Through literature search and analysis, an entry pool of the core competence evaluation index system for ECMO specialist nurses was initially formed, and 20 medical and nursing experts in acute and critical care and cardiovascular fields were selected for two rounds of correspondence from September to November 2022. According to experts' opinions, the evaluation indexes of core competence of ECMO specialist nurses were modified, and the analytic hierarchy process determined the weights of indexes at all levels.Results:A total of 20 questionnaires were sent out and 20 valid questionnaires were collected during each of the two rounds of expert correspondence consultation, with effective recovery rates of 100.00%. The expert authority coefficient of the second round was 0.86, and Kendall's harmony coefficient was 0.31 ( P<0.01). Finally, the evaluation index system of core competence of ECMO specialist nurses included five primary indexes (clinical professional ability, communication and collaboration ability, nursing management ability, critical thinking ability, and professional development ability), 15 secondary indexes, and 53 tertiary indexes. Conclusions:The evaluation index system of core competence of ECMO specialist nurses constructed in this study is scientific and practical, providing a reference for evaluating ECMO specialist nurses' core competence.