In recent years, hybrid brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have gained significant attention due to their demonstrated advantages in increasing the number of targets and enhancing robustness of the systems. However, Existing studies usually construct BCI systems using intense auditory stimulation and strong central visual stimulation, which lead to poor user experience and indicate a need for improving system comfort. Studies have proved that the use of peripheral visual stimulation and lower intensity of auditory stimulation can effectively boost the user's comfort. Therefore, this study used high-frequency peripheral visual stimulation and 40-dB weak auditory stimulation to elicit steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) and auditory steady-state response (ASSR) signals, building a high-comfort hybrid BCI based on weak audio-visual evoked responses. This system coded 40 targets via 20 high-frequency visual stimulation frequencies and two auditory stimulation frequencies, improving the coding efficiency of BCI systems. Results showed that the hybrid system's averaged classification accuracy was (78.00 ± 12.18) %, and the information transfer rate (ITR) could reached 27.47 bits/min. This study offers new ideas for the design of hybrid BCI paradigm based on imperceptible stimulation.
Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Acoustic Stimulation ; Photic Stimulation ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology* ; Adult

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of quercetin on cuproptosis and L-type calcium currents in the myocardium of diabetic rats. METHODS: Forty SD rats were randomized into control group and diabetic model groups. The rat models of diabetes mellitus (DM) induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection were further divided into DM model group, quercetin treatment group, and empagliflozin treatment group (n=10). Blood glucose and body weight were measured every other week, and cardiac function of the rats was evaluated using echocardiography. HE staining, Sirius red staining, and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) analysis were used to observe the changes in myocardial histomorphology, and serum copper levels and myocardial FDX1 expression were detected. In cultured rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells with high-glucose exposure, the effects of quercetin and elesclomol, alone or in combination, on intracellular CK-MB and LDH levels and FDX1 expression were assessed, and the changes in L-type calcium currents were analyzed using patch-clamp technique. RESULTS: The diabetic rats exhibited elevated blood glucose, reduced body weight, impaired left ventricular function, increased serum copper levels and myocardial FDX1 expression, decreased L-type calcium currents, and prolonged action potential duration. Quercetin and empagliflozin treatment significantly lowered blood glucose, improved body weight, and restored cardiac function of the diabetic rats, and compared with empagliflozin, quercetin more effectively reduced serum copper levels, downregulated FDX1 expression, and enhanced myocardial L-type calcium currents in diabetic rats. In H9c2 cells, high glucose exposure significantly increased myocardial expressions of FDX1, CK-MB and LDH, which were effectively lowered by quercetin treatment; Elesclomol further elevated FDX1, CK-MB and LDH levels in the exposed cells, and these changes were not significantly affected by the application of quercetin. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin ameliorates myocardial injury in diabetic rats possibly by suppressing myocardial cuproptosis signaling and restoring L-type calcium channel activity.
Animals ; Quercetin/pharmacology* ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects* ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Male

Objective To investigate the effect of Hedyotis diffusa extract(HDE)on the proliferation of liver cancer cells and its relationship with sugar metabolism reprogramming and oxidative phosphorylation and analyze its possible mechanisms.Methods CCK-8 and EDU experiments were used to determine the effect of different concentrations(20,40,80 mg/mL)of HDE on the growth of liver cancer cell line SNU-368.Lactate dehydrogenase activity,glucose uptake,lactate production,extracellular pH,mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity,and cellular oxygen consumption were measured to analyze the effect of HDE on aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in liver cancer cells.qRT-PCR experiments were used to detect the mRNA expressions of GLUT1,GLUT4,HK2,GPI,PFKL,ALDOA and HIF-1α in SNU-368 cells of different groups.Western blotting experiments were used to detect the protein expression of HIF-1α.A stable cell line overexpressing HIF-1αwas constructed by lentivirus transfection of liver cancer cells SNU-368 and then intervened with HDE;the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein was detected with qRT-PCR and Western blotting.Results CCK-8 results showed that the HDE exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of liver cancer cells(all P＜0.05).Results from glucose metabolism-related tests indicated that the HDE could inhibit glucose uptake and lactate production,decrease lactate dehydrogenase activity,increase extracellular pH value,enhance cellular oxygen consumption,and elevate activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ(all P＜0.05).qRT-PCR results revealed that the HDE suppressed the mRNA expressions of GLUT1,HK2,GPI,and ALDOA(all P＜0.05).qRT-PCR and Western blotting experiments showed that compared to the control group,the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein in the HDE group was significantly reduced.However,when HIF-1α was overexpressed and HDE was added in the HIF-1α-LV group,the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein increased again compared to the HDE group.Conclusion HDE inhibits glycolysis and promotes oxidative phosphorylation to inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells,and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of HIF-1α expression.

Objective To analyze the current state,research hotspots,and development trends of electroencephalography(EEG)applied in the field of autism spectrum disorder(ASD). Methods Relevant literature from the Web of Science core collection database from January,2014 to January,2024 were retrieved and analyzed using CiteSpace 6.2.R4. Results A total of 1 509 articles were included,with an increasing trend in publication volume over the years.The United States ranked highest in both publication volume and node centrality.The primary journals in this field were concentrated in clinical medicine,immunology and psychology.Keyword co-occurrence and clustering indicated that research primarily focused on the correlation between core symptoms of ASD and EEG indicators,differential diagnosis of ASD and its comorbidities,brain functional connectivity,and assessment of rehabilitation efficacy.Keywords bursted in the past three years mainly included artificial intelligence and machine learning. Conclusion The researches in EEG technology in the field of ASD is generally increasing.Future researches may focus on exploring the brain network mechanisms of ASD using EEG combined with multimodal neuroimaging,and machine learning technologies.

Objective:To clarify the effects of microwave radiation on anxiety-like behavior, the histomorphology of the secondary visual cortex, and calcium activity in neurons.Methods:36 C57BL/6N mice were selected and divided into control group and microwave radiation group according to the random number table method. In the simple behavioral testing, there were 8 mice in the control group and 7 mice in the radiation group. Combining fiber optic recording with behavioral experiments, there were 8 mice in the control group and 7 mice in the radiation group. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was conducted with 3 mice in each group. A high-power microwave simulated source in the X-band with a center frequency of 9.875 GHz and an average power density of 12 mW/cm 2 was used to irradiate the mice for 15 minutes, establishing a microwave radiation animal model. Then, anxiety-like behavior changes in the radiation group were identified using the open-field and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. The effects of microwave radiation on the histomorphology of the secondary visual cortex were investigated using HE staining and optical microscopy. Based on the genetically encoded calcium imaging technique, as well as optical fiber recording combined with behavioral paradigms in the open field and the EPM, the changes of calcium activity in neurons in the V2M region of the secondary visual cortex were detected. Results:Compared to the control group, the radiation group showed a significant decrease in the frequency of exploring the central region of the open field and the open arm of the EPM ( t = 2.24, 3.10, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the radiation group exhibited the degeneration and apoptosis of some neurons in the secondary visual cortex, primarily manifested as pyknosis and deep staining, cell body shrinkage, and the slightly widening of perivascular space. Fiber optic recordings and behavioral experiments indicated that compared to the control group, mice in the radiation group exhibited significantly increased calcium activities in neurons of the secondary visual cortex when exploring the central region of the open field ( t = -2.75, P < 0.05) or the open arm of the EPM ( t = -2.77, -3.41, P < 0.05) compared to those before radiation after microwave exposure. Conclusions:Microwave radiation can induce anxiety-like behaviors and histopathological changes in the secondary visual cortex. Increased calcium activity in neurons of the secondary visual cortex is proved to be an important mechanism underlying the changes in anxiety-like behavior due to microwave radiation.

Objective To develop"a guideline for pressure injury risk assessment and prevention of neonates in NICU",and to provide guidance and references for clinical staff in the implementation of pressure injury assessment and prevention for neonates in NICU.Methods Based on the World Health 0rganization Guideline Development Manual and the results of systematic search for identified clinical problems,the GRADE method was used to evaluate the evidence and grade the recommendations,and the RIGHT report specifications were referred to for writing,and the guideline was developed and revised according to the results and recommendations of the expert review,so as to form the official guideline.Results The guideline included 2 aspects of pressure injury risk assessment and prevention,resulting in 12 clinical questions and 19 recommendations.Conclusion The guideline for risk assessment and prevention of pressure injury of neonates in NICU is an evidence-based guideline based on the best available evidence,clinical practice,and professional judgment,and it can provide a practical basis for scientific decision-making by clinical staff and managers.

Objective:To construct a nomogram model for predicting frailty in elderly hypertensive patients, and to evaluate the discrimination and consistency of the model.Methods:A total of 317 patients with essential hypertension who were admitted to Hebei Eighth People′s Hospital from February 2021 to June 2022 were taken, they were divided into modeling group (190 cases) and verification group (127 cases) according to the proportion of 6∶4, the patients in the modeling group were divided into the asthenic group (45 cases) and the non asthenic group (145 cases) according to whether the patients in the modeling group had asthenia. The nomograph model was constructed based on the results of Logistic analysis.Results:The age, obesity or overweight ratio, diabetes ratio and systolic blood pressure in the frail group were significantly higher than those in the non-frail group: (76.25 ± 3.64)years vs.(70.44 ± 3.82) years, 51.11%(23/45) vs. 24.83%(36/145), 46.67%(21/45) vs. 17.24%(25/145), (156.46 ± 18.64) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (143.25 ± 12.38) mmHg, and the mini-nutrition assessment summary form (MNA-SF) score was significantly lower than that in the non-frail group: (11.45 ± 2.06) scores vs. (13.12 ± 1.22) scores, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Logistic results showed that age, body mass index, diabetes, and systolic blood pressure were the risk factors for frailty ( P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluation showed that the area under the curve (AUC) in the modeling group was 0.998, and AUC in the validation group was 0.954. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed: modeling group χ2 = 6.18, P = 0.627; validation group χ2 = 6.58, P = 0.582. Conclusions:The nomogram prediction model of frailty risk in elderly hypertensive patients has good consistency and differentiation

Objective:To explore the application of observation teaching discussion (OTD) in vascular surgery nursing intern teaching under the guidance of process-oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) theory.Methods:Forty nursing students who were doing their internship in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from July 2022 to July 2023 were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table: control group (20 students, OTD teaching) and observation group (20 students, POGIL theory-guided teaching) . The two groups were compared for competence assessment scores before entering the department and 3 days prior to departure from the department, autonomous learning ability scale scores, Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses (CIRN) scores, and Chinese Problem Solving Inventory (CPSI) scores. T-tests and chi-square tests were conducted using SPSS 22.0. Results:Three days prior to departure from the department, the theoretical performance and practical performance were significantly better in the observation group [(91.67±5.22) and (89.69±4.36) points, respectively] than in the control group [(84.53±4.75) and (82.41±4.18) points, respectively] ( P<0.05). The observation group also performed significantly better than the control group in autonomous learning ability scale score [(139.52±13.52) vs. (128.86±10.76)], CIRN score [(207.73±6.23) vs. (195.67±5.98)], and CPSI score [(103.60±4.72) vs. (92.18±5.03)] (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of OTD in vascular surgery nursing intern teaching under the guidance of POGIL theory can improve the autonomous learning ability, core ability, and problem-solving ability of nursing interns.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Twist-related protein 1(TWIST1)on pulmonary vascular remodeling induced by monocrotaline(MCT)in pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)rats.Methods A total of 50 healthy male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into five groups including control group,MCT-treated group,MCT and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)-treated group,MCT and harmine-treated group MCT and hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)-treated group.The right ventricle systolic pressure(RVSP)was measured,right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI)and percentage of medial wall thickness(MT％)to assess the development of PAH.The protein levels of TW1ST1,autophagy markers LC3B and RND3 were determined using western blot.Results Compared with control group,expressions of TWIST1 and LC3B were increased by 2.32±0.22 folds and 0.87±0.19 folds in MCT-induced PAH group,with significant differences(t=15.812,11.227,all P＜0.00 1),while the protein level of RND3 in MCT-induced PAH rats was decreased by 0.32±0.07 folds compared with control group,with significant difference(t=-13.003,P＜0.001).Administration of TWIST1 inhibitor Harmine or autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine significantly suppressed MCT-induced increase in LC3B and down-regulation of RND3 expression,and reduced RVSP,RVHI and MT％expressions in MCT-induced PAH rats,with significant differences(t=-24.277～16.636,all P＜0.001).Conclusion TWIST1 promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling by inducing autophagy activation,thus promoting the occurrence and development of PAH.

Objective To establish a simultaneous detection approach for 34 emerging contaminants(ECs)in tap water by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).Human health risk assessment was performed according to the detection results from 43 tap water samples.Methods Tap water samples were concentrated and extracted by solid phase extraction,and then blown to near dry by nitrogen at 40℃.The sample extracts were dissolved in methanol-water solution(95:5,VN)to 0.5 mL for analyzing.Agilent Jet Stream Electrospray Ionization(AJS ESI)and the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode were performed for MS to acquire the data of 34 ECs.A database including precursor ion,product ion and retention times was established accordingly.Results The average linear correlation coefficients(r)of 34 kinds of ECs was 0.995 9.The limits of detection were 0.01～0.60 ng/L and the recoveries were between 60.7％and 119.8％.The intra-group precisions were between 0.05％～9.89％and the intra-day precisions were between 0.20％～14.40％for the spiked samples.The method was applied to analyze 43 tap water samples and a total of 15 ECs were detected.According to the results,the detection rate of caffeine was the highest(84％),and the concentration range was ND～74.42 ng/L.Among all the ECs detected,1,2,3-benzotriazole had the highest concentration(ND～361.15 ng/L),where detection rate was 44％.Humans may be exposed to these ECs by drinking the tap water.The human health risk assessments of 12 kinds of ECs were carried out,however,the estimated risk was negligible(risk quotient＜0.01).Conclusion The method is simple,highly sensitive and selective,and could meet the detection needs of ECs at trace level in tap water.There was no human health risk posed for ECs identified in 43 tap water samples analyzed by this method.