Objective To explore the safety of Yttrium-90 resin microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) on malignant liver tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 64 patients with malignant liver tumors who underwent ⁹⁰Y-SIRT from February 2023 to November 2024 at Weifang People’s Hospital. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the occurrence of adverse reactions after treatment were analyzed to assess the safety of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT. Results Among the 64 patients, there were 52 males (81.25%) and 12 females (18.75%); the average age was (56.29±11.08) years. Seven patients (10.94%) had tumors with maximum diameter of less than 5 cm, 38 patients (59.38%) had tumors with maximum diameter of 5-10 cm, and 19 patients (29.68%) had tumors with maximum diameter of greater than 10 cm. There were 47 cases (73.44%) of solitary lesions and 17 cases (26.56%) of multiple lesions; 53 cases (82.81%) were primary liver cancers and 11 cases (17.19%) were metastatic liver cancers. Of the 64 patients, 63 successfully completed the Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (^99mTc-MAA) perfusion test and received the ⁹⁰Y-SIRT; one patient received ⁹⁰Y-SIRT after the second ^99mTc-MAA perfusion test due to a work error. The most common adverse reactions included grade 1 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in 26 cases (40.62%) and grade 2 in 2 cases (9.37%), grade 1 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation in 27 cases (42.18%) and grade 2 in 7 cases (10.93%); grade 1 nausea in 17 cases (26.56%) and grade 2 in 6 cases (9.37%); grade 1 abdominal pain in 12 cases (18.75%), grade 2 in 5 cases (7.81%), and grade 3 in 1 case (1.56%); grade 1 vomiting in 11 cases (17.18%), grade 2 in 5 cases (7.81%), and grade 3 in 1 case (1.56%). Conclusion The adverse reactions of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT for treating malignant liver tumors are mild, indicating good safety.

Transient perivascular inflammation of the carotid artery(TIPIC)syndrome is a relatively rare disease,and ultrasound is the first screening method for initial diagnosis of the disease.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)has unique advantages in the follow-up of patients with TIPIC syndrome.This paper reports a patient with TIPIC syndrome who was treated with acute left neck pain.The inflammation was significantly re-lieved and subsided after treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.The ultrasound changes of carotid artery lesions in this patient during follow-up were analyzed,and the application value of CEUS in the follow-up diagnosis of this disease was summarized,in the hope of providing clinical reference.

Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is an irreversible sensorineural hearing loss that severely endangers workers’ health, making early screening crucial. This article reviewed the research progress on early screening methods for occupational NIHL, introduced the testing mechanisms of three core screening methods—tympanometry, otoacoustic emissions, and extended high-frequency audiometry —and summarized their clinical application advantages and limitations. It is proposed that multimodal combined detection (e.g., the combination of tympanometry, otoacoustic emissions, and extended high-frequency audiometry) can significantly improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of early screening. Meanwhile, future studies with prospective cohort design are encouraged to verify the long-term monitoring value of each method and to strengthen the joint development of screening technologies with cutting-edge approaches such as machine learning, in order to further improve screening efficiency and provide stronger protection for workers’ hearing health.

Pulpitis is an inflammatory response of dental pulp tissue triggered by external stimuli such as bacterial infection, mechanical trauma, and iatrogenic injury. Accurate diagnosis of pulpitis is essential for the success of minimally invasive endodontic treatments. However, the current diagnostic framework lacks objective indicators capable of precisely assessing the severity of pulp inflammation. Recent studies have revealed that biomarkers such as matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines, chemokines, non-coding RNAs, growth factors, and signaling molecules are closely associated with the degree of pulp inflammation. These findings suggested that biomarker-based molecular diagnostics held significant promise for advancing precision and minimally invasive approaches in endodontics. This review systematically discusses the current research progress, challenges, and future directions of biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of pulpitis.

Objective:To establish a method for evaluating the material attributes and skeletal performance of 2208 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC),to clarify the influence of different material attributes on the skeletal per-formance of HPMC,to compare the differences between the products of different manufacturers,and to analyze the factors affecting the process.Methods:In this study,the material attributes such as powder chemical properties,viscosity,gelation temperature,thermodynamic properties,weight-average molecular weight,methoxy and hydroxypropoxy contents of different manufacturers were firstly investigated.Then,the water absorption,swelling,and dissolution properties of HPMC blank skeleton tablets were determined using the weighing method.Finally,Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Orthogonal Partial Least-Squares Discrimination Analysis(OPLS-DA)were used to systematically evaluate the material attributes and skeleton performance of HPMC.The systematic evaluation of each material attribute and skeleton performance of HPMC was carried out to elucidate the intrinsic relationship between each material attribute and skeleton performance of HPMC.Results:The results showed that there were obvious differences in the material attributes of HPMC from different manufacturers,such as the proper-ties of powder,viscosity,and weight-average molecular weight,and that there were differences in the corrosion performance,water absorption,and swelling performance of the skeleton tablets prepared from different manufactur-ers,with the most obvious differences between K4Mand K100M.The results of the PCA and OPLS-DA analyses indicated that these 19 variables showed some correlation with each other.Both mathematical models showed better differentiation and classification effects on HPMC samples,and the OPLS-DA model had better classification effects than the PCA model.Conclusion:Based on the PCA and OPLS-DA models,this study conducted systematical research on HPMC,clarified the degree of influence of different material attributes on the skeletal performance of HPMC,and suggested the addition of HPMC particle size and size distribution,and weight-average molecular weight as the quality standards,which provide a basis for the quality control of the related excipients,the screening of formulation prescriptions,and the improvement of performance.

BACKGROUND:Patients with Alzheimer's disease have severe brain energy disorders.In recent years,brain energy rescue strategies based on ketone body intervention have attracted more and more attention in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether β-hydroxybutyric acid can improve energy dysfunction by improving mitochondrial bioenergy function in HT22 cells of mouse hippocampal neurons induced by amyloid-β protein 1-42 (Aβ1-42).METHODS:HT22 cells were divided into four groups:Control,β-hydroxybutyric acid,Aβ1-42,Aβ1-42+β-hydroxybutyric acid.Related detection kits were respectively used to detect HT22 cell survival rate,adenosine triphosphate level,α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity,Na+K+-ATPase activity,mitochondrial membrane potential,and reactive oxygen species levels.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,the survival rate,adenosine triphosphate level,α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity,Na+K+-ATPase activity,and mitochondrial membrane potential of HT22 cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the level of reactive oxygen species was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the Aβ1-42 group.Compared with the Aβ1-42 group,the survival rate,adenosine triphosphate level,α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity,Na+K+-ATPase activity,and mitochondrial membrane potential of HT22 cells were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the reactive oxygen species level was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the Aβ1-42+β-hydroxybutyric acid group.These results showed that β-hydroxybutyric acid improved mitochondrial bioenergetic function and ultimately improved Aβ1-42-induced energy impairment and survival rate in HT22 cells.

The interest in covalent drugs has resurged in recent decades, spurring the development of numerous specialized computational docking tools to facilitate covalent ligand design and screening. Herein, we present CarsiDock-Cov, a new paradigm distinguishing itself as the first deep learning (DL)-guided approach for covalent docking. CarsiDock-Cov retains the core components of its non-covalent predecessor, leveraging a DL model pretrained on millions of docking complexes to predict protein-ligand distance matrices, along with a dedicated-designed geometric optimization procedure to convert these distances into refined binding poses. Additionally, it incorporates several key enhancements specifically tailored to optimize the protocol for covalent docking applications. Our approach has been extensively validated on multiple public datasets regarding the docking and screening of covalent ligands, and the results indicate that our approach not only achieves comparably improved applicability compared to its non-covalent predecessor, but also exhibits competitive performance against various state-of-the-art covalent docking tools. Collectively, our approach represents a significant advance in covalent docking methodology, offering an automated and efficient solution that shows considerable promise for accelerating covalent drug discovery and design.

Objective To discuss the effect of interleukin-17A(IL-17A)and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)on the benign tracheal stenosis after tracheal injury in experimental dogs.Methods The trachea stenosis model of healthy Beagle dogs was established by burning the middle part of trachea with electric snare under bronchoscopy guidance.A total of 21 dogs were divided into normal group(n=3,receiving normal feeding),molding group(n=12,after airway modeling every 3 dogs were sacrificed each week for 4 weeks),IL-17A suppression group(n=3,receiving Secukinumab after airway modeling),and IL-17A inhibitor+TGF-β1 inhibitor group(n=3,receiving Secukinumab and SB43154 after airway modeling).Bronchoscopy and CT scan were performed once a week,and the stenosis degree was calculated.RT-qPCR,immunohistochemistry,and HE staining of the obtained tracheal tissues were performed.Results Within 1-4 weeks after molding,in module-making dogs the degree of stenosis of the injured trachea gradually increased,and the expressions of ECM-related proteins,TGF-β1 and IL-17A were up-regulated.After treatment with IL-17A inhibitors,the inflammatory infiltration and granulation tissue hyperplasia were reduced and the early tracheal stenosis was improved(P＜0.05).The combination use of IL-17A inhibitor and TGF-β1 inhibitor had a better remission effect(P＜0.05).Conclusion IL-17A and TGF-β1 may synergistically affect the formation of tracheal stenosis.

Pulpitis is an inflammatory response of dental pulp tissue triggered by external stimuli such as bacterial infection, mechanical trauma, and iatrogenic injury. Accurate diagnosis of pulpitis is essential for the success of minimally invasive endodontic treatments. However, the current diagnostic framework lacks objective indicators capable of precisely assessing the severity of pulp inflammation. Recent studies have revealed that biomarkers such as matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines, chemokines, non-coding RNAs, growth factors, and signaling molecules are closely associated with the degree of pulp inflammation. These findings suggested that biomarker-based molecular diagnostics held significant promise for advancing precision and minimally invasive approaches in endodontics. This review systematically discusses the current research progress, challenges, and future directions of biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of pulpitis.

Objective:To establish a method for evaluating the material attributes and skeletal performance of 2208 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC),to clarify the influence of different material attributes on the skeletal per-formance of HPMC,to compare the differences between the products of different manufacturers,and to analyze the factors affecting the process.Methods:In this study,the material attributes such as powder chemical properties,viscosity,gelation temperature,thermodynamic properties,weight-average molecular weight,methoxy and hydroxypropoxy contents of different manufacturers were firstly investigated.Then,the water absorption,swelling,and dissolution properties of HPMC blank skeleton tablets were determined using the weighing method.Finally,Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Orthogonal Partial Least-Squares Discrimination Analysis(OPLS-DA)were used to systematically evaluate the material attributes and skeleton performance of HPMC.The systematic evaluation of each material attribute and skeleton performance of HPMC was carried out to elucidate the intrinsic relationship between each material attribute and skeleton performance of HPMC.Results:The results showed that there were obvious differences in the material attributes of HPMC from different manufacturers,such as the proper-ties of powder,viscosity,and weight-average molecular weight,and that there were differences in the corrosion performance,water absorption,and swelling performance of the skeleton tablets prepared from different manufactur-ers,with the most obvious differences between K4Mand K100M.The results of the PCA and OPLS-DA analyses indicated that these 19 variables showed some correlation with each other.Both mathematical models showed better differentiation and classification effects on HPMC samples,and the OPLS-DA model had better classification effects than the PCA model.Conclusion:Based on the PCA and OPLS-DA models,this study conducted systematical research on HPMC,clarified the degree of influence of different material attributes on the skeletal performance of HPMC,and suggested the addition of HPMC particle size and size distribution,and weight-average molecular weight as the quality standards,which provide a basis for the quality control of the related excipients,the screening of formulation prescriptions,and the improvement of performance.