Objective: To investigate the current status of knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding drinking water among primary school students in rural areas of China, so as to provide scientific basis for implementing health interventions related to drinking water. Methods: From November to December 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 6 354 fourth to sixth grade primary school students in Shanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi and Gansu for a questionnaire survey. A uniformly designed questionnaire (including basic information, drinking water-related knowledge, attitudes and practices indicators) was distributed and completed by the students themselves. The χ 2 test was used to analyze the differences in drinking water-related indicators among students of different gender and boarder, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of drinking water practices among students. Results: Among the indicators of drinking water knowledge, the awareness rate of appropriate daily water intake for respective student age groups was the lowest (27.90%). The awareness rate among nonresident students was significantly higher than that among boarding students (31.29%, 15.49%, χ 2=132.75, P <0.01). Regarding attitudes toward drinking water, 13.33% of the students believed that well water or tap water could be drunk directly, and 9.58% believed that going to the toilet at school was troublesome. Regarding practices, the self-reported water intake among students was 1 000 (600, 1 200) mL. The results of multifactorial Logistic regression showed that higher grades ( OR=1.60, 95%CI =1.34-1.92), nonresident students ( OR=1.32, 95%CI = 1.15 -1.52), northern region ( OR=1.43, 95%CI =1.27-1.61), knowledge of appropriate daily water intake ( OR=1.41, 95%CI =1.24-1.60), drinking temperature ( OR=1.43, 95%CI =1.28-1.60), scientific hydration methods ( OR=1.25, 95%CI =1.08- 1.44 ), and adopting scientific hydration methods regularly ( OR=1.75, 95%CI =1.50-2.04) were the independent influences on daily water intake attainment ( P <0.05). Conclusions Rural primary school students lack knowledge about healthy drinking water, have cognitive biases about safe drinking water and exhibit unhealthy drinking behavior. It is suggested that health education be carried out in combination with the characteristics of students to enhance their drinking water literacy.

Objective To study the spatial distribution of the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Hubei Province and its influencing factors, so as to improve the theoretical basis for scientific development of tuberculosis prevention and control measures in the future. Methods The data of reported incidence of tuberculosis and related influencing factors in various counties and districts of Hubei Province in 2020 were collected. Global Moran's I index, hotspot analysis and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model analysis were used to calculate the spatial autocorrelation of the incidence of tuberculosis, and to analyze the influencing factors affecting the incidence rate of tuberculosis. Results There were obvious regional differences in the space distribution of the incidence rate of tuberculosis. Hot spot analysis showed positive spatial correlation and obvious clustering. The GWR model (AICc=784.251) in this study had higher AICc value compared to the ordinary least squares regression (OLS) model (AICc=804.2585). The GWR model showed that the increase in the proportion of the population aged 65 and above and the proportion of the ethnic minority population had a significant promoting effect on the increase of the incidence rate of tuberculosis, and there was significant spatial heterogeneity. The effect of PM_2.5 concentration on the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis varied in different regions, and the degree of effect was also different. Conclusion The proportion of people aged 65 and above and the proportion of ethnic minorities may significantly influence the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The effect of PM_2.5 concentration varies in different regions, so targeted measures should be formulated according to the situation in different regions.

Background::Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is the commonest pediatric sellar tumor. No effective drug is available and interpatient heterogeneity is prominent. This study aimed to identify distinct molecular subgroups of ACP based on the multi-omics profiles, imaging findings, and histological features, in order to predict the response to anti-inflammatory treatment and immunotherapies.Methods::Totally 142 Chinese cases diagnosed with craniopharyngiomas were profiled, including 119 ACPs and 23 papillary craniopharyngiomas. Whole-exome sequencing (151 tumors, including recurrent ones), RNA sequencing (84 tumors), and DNA methylome profiling (95 tumors) were performed. Consensus clustering and non-negative matrix factorization were used for subgrouping, and Cox regression were utilized for prognostic evaluation, respectively.Results::Three distinct molecular subgroups were identified: WNT, ImA, and ImB. The WNT subgroup showed higher Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity, with a greater number of epithelial cells and more predominantly solid tumors. The ImA and ImB subgroups had activated inflammatory and interferon response pathways, with enhanced immune cell infiltration and more predominantly cystic tumors. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MEK/MAPK) signaling was activated only in ImA samples, while IL-6 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarkers were highly expressed in the ImB group, mostly consisting of children. The degree of astrogliosis was significantly elevated in the ImA group, with severe finger-like protrusions at the invasive front of the tumor. The molecular subgrouping was an independent prognostic factor, with the WNT group having longer event-free survival than ImB (Cox, P = 0.04). ImA/ImB cases were more likely to respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy than the WNT group ( P <0.01). In the preliminary screening of subtyping markers, CD38 was significantly downregulated in WNT compared with ImA and ImB ( P = 0.01). Conclusions::ACP comprises three molecular subtypes with distinct imaging and histological features. The prognosis of the WNT type is better than that of the ImB group, which is more likely to benefit from the ICB treatment.

Background::Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can profoundly affect the mental health of the people living with HIV (PLWH), with higher rates of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. The disparities in neuropsychological problems evaluated by physicians and self-assessed by patients are still unknown.Methods::A total of 5000 PLWH and 500 physicians from 167 hospitals were enrolled in this cross-sectional study from September 2022 to February 2023. 4-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) was used for the evaluation of depressive issues and anxiety issues by PLWH. Each physician assessed 10 PLWH under their care for the presence of depressive or anxiety issues. The primary outcomes of this study are the concordance rates on the depressive issues and anxiety issues evaluation between physicians and PLWH. The Cohen’s kappa test was used to assess the agreement between physicians and PLWH.Results::The concordance rate for the evaluation of depressive issues is 73.84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.60-75.04%), and it is significantly different from the expected rate of 80% ( P <0.001). Similarly, the concordance rate for the evaluation of anxiety issues is 71.74% (95% CI: 70.47-72.97%), which is significantly different from the expected rate of 80% as per the null hypothesis ( P <0.001). The overestimation rate by physicians on depressive issues is 12.20% (95% CI: 11.32-13.14%), and for anxiety issues is 12.76% (95% CI: 11.86-13.71%). The mismatch rate for depressive issues is 26.16% (95% CI: 24.96-27.40%), and for anxiety issues is 28.26% (95% CI: 27.02-29.53%). The underestimation rate by physicians on depressive issues is 13.96% (95% CI: 13.03-14.95%), and for anxiety issues is 15.50% (95% CI: 14.52-16.53%). For the treatment regiments, PLWH sustained on innovative treatment regimen (IR) related to a lower prevalence of depressive issues (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87, P = 0.003) and a lower prevalence of anxiety issues (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52-0.76, P <0.001). PLWH switch from conventional treatment regimen (CR) to IR also related to a lower prevalence of depressive issues (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.98) and a lower prevalence of anxiety issues (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.99). Conclusion::Nearly one in three PLWH had their condition misjudged by their physicians. The findings underscore the need for improved communication and standardized assessment protocols in the care of PLWH, especially during the acute phase of HIV infection.

Objective:To investigate the effect of puerarin on myocardial inflammation in rats with heart failure from the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)inflammatory pathway.Methods:The rat model of heart failure was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol(5 mg/kg for 7 days),and was divided into model group,puerarin group,TLR4 activator group(RS09,25 μg/kg),TLR4 inhibitor group(TAK-242,0.5 mg/kg),puerarin+TLR4 activator group,with 20 rats in each group.Another 20 rats were selected as normal control group.Echocardiography was used to detect heart function;HE staining was used to observe pathological damage of myocardial tissue;TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis of myocardial tissue cells;ELISA method was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in myocardial tissue;immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and macrophage activation marker-F4/80;Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of TLR4/NF-κB pathway,MyD88,IL-1 receptor-associated kinase(IRAK)and Galec-tin-3.Results:Compared with the normal control group,the necrosis,inflammatory infiltration and apoptosis of rat myocardial cells were severe in the model group,the heart function was decreased,the inflammatory factor release,macrophage activation,and TLR4/NF-κB pathway protein expression were increased(P<0.05).Puerarin and TLR4 inhibitors could improve the pathological damage of heart failure rats such as myocardial cell necrosis,inflammatory infiltration and apoptosis to the same extent,improve heart function,reduce inflammatory response,inhibit macrophage activation and reduce TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation(P<0.05).TLR4 activator could promote the activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway,aggravate myocardial cell damage,apoptosis and cardiac function damage in rats with heart failure,and weaken the above-mentioned effects of puerarin(P<0.05).Conclusion:Puerarin may inhibit the activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway,reduce myocardial inflammation,and play an anti-heart failure effect.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling condition, often requiring lifelong management of its complications. Due to the lengthy rehabilitation process and significant economic burden, home rehabilitation has become the primary mode of recovery for patients with SCI. Effective home rehabilitation is crucial for promoting functional recovery and improving the quality of life in patients with SCI. The application of digital health offers great potential to enhance the quality of home rehabilitation for patients with SCI. This paper reviews the necessity, common forms, application effects, shortcomings, and future prospects of digital health in the home rehabilitation of patients with SCI. The goal is to improve the feasibility, practicality, and safety of digital health applications in home rehabilitation, thereby enhancing the overall rehabilitation level and quality of life for patients with SCI.

Objective:To observe any effect of combining electro-acupuncture with aerobic exercise on the expression of SR-BI receptor and caveolin-1 and ABCA1 proteins in the liver and on reverse cholesterol transport. Any relationship with inflammatory factors NF-κBp65, COX-2 and TNF-α in the aortic arch was also investigated.Methods:Thirty male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group (NG), a model group (MG), and a group which received electro-acupuncture combined with aerobic exercise (the EAG group), each of 10. A hyperlipidemia model was induced in the rats of the MG and EAG groups by feeding a high-fat diet. For 4 weeks the EAG group received 30 minutes of electroacupuncture daily (frequencies of sparse/dense waves 2/100Hz, 1mA) at the ST40 and SP9 acupoints, followed by 60 minutes of no weight bearing swimming. No intervention was applied to the other groups. Before and after the intervention, serum was collected to observe lipid levels. Liver and aortic arch issue were resected to measure lipid deposition and inflammation using hematoxylin eosin staining. Caveolin-1, SR-BI and ABCA1 in the liver and NF-κBp65, COX-2 and TNF-α in the aortic arch were quantified using real-time PCRs and western blotting.Results:After successful modeling the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κBp65, TNF-α, COX-2 and COX-2 in the aortic arches of the MG had increased significantly. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the protein and mRNA expressions of caveolin-1, SR-BI and ABCA1 in the liver had decreased significantly. Compared with the MG, the levels of TC and LDL-C, as well as the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κBp65, TNF-α, COX-2 and COX-2 in the aortic arches of the EAG had decreased significantly, while the average HDL-C l level, as well as the protein and mRNA of caveolin-1, SR-BI and ABCA1 in the liver were up-regulated significantly.Conclusions:Electroacupuncture combined with aerobic exercise can relieve hyperlipidemia through promoting cholesterol reverse transport and inhibiting inflammation in endothelial cells. Those effects may be related to up-regulating the expression of caveolin-1, SR-BI and ABCA1 in the liver and down-regulating inflammatory factors in the aortic arch.

Purpose/Significance To construct a named entity corpus of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)ancient records,and to improve the recognition accuracy and applicability of the general domain named entity recognition(NER)model in the field of TCM ancient records.Method/Process Annotation standards for entities in TCM ancient records are formulated,and 2 384 Xin'an medical records are annotated.A RoBERTa-BiLSTM-CRF model is developed,and word vectors with semantic features are generated using the RoBERTa pre-trained language model.The BiLSTM-CRF model is used to learn the global semantic features of sequences and decode and output the optimal label sequence.Dictionary and rule features are incorporated to enhance the model's capability to recognize entity boundaries and categories.Result/Conclusion The model shows a good recognition effect on the named entity corpus of Xin'an medical cases.Integration of domain terminology dictionaries and rule-based features improves the overall Fl score to 72.8％.

Optical genome mapping (OGM) is a novel non-sequencing genetic analysis technology that enables high-precision analysis of structural variations across the entire genome. It possesses unique technical advantages, and its procedural simplicity makes it easy to implement. In recent years, the application efficacy of OGM technology in the analysis of genomic structural variations in hematologic malignancies has been widely validated and recognized. Increasing evidence indicates that the application of OGM technology can help improve the genetic diagnosis, prognostic stratification and treatment guidance of hematologic malignancies. This article draws upon pertinent reports from the 65th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting to provide an overview of the progress in applying OGM technology for the precise diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies.

Objective To investigate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)on postoperative sore throat(POST)in patients undergoing double-lumen bronchial intubation based on general anesthesia.Methods A total of 103 patients,45 males and 58 females,aged 18-64 years,BMI 18-28 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,who received selective operation of double-lumen bronchial intubation under general anesthesia were selected.The patients were divided into two groups using the random number table method:TEAS group(n = 51)and control group(n = 52).In the TEAS group,TEAS on Tiantu acupoint and bilateral Hegu acupoints started 30 minutes before anesthesia induction,and the stimulation lasted until the patients were sent to the recovery room.In the control group,electrodes were placed on the same acupoints without electrical stimulation.The Mallampati grade,number of tracheal intu-bation attempts,compression of cricoid cartilage,resistance during intubation,and double-lumen endobron-chial tube(DLT)retention time were recorded.The incidence and severity of POST,VAS pain scores of sore throat,and the incidence of hoarseness 1 hour,6,and 24 hours after extubation were recorded.Results Compared with the control group,the incidence of POST,the incidence of POST level 1,and VAS pain scores of sore throat were significantly decreased 1 hour,6,and 24 hours after extubation(P＜0.05),the incidence of POST level 2 was significantly decreased 6 hours after extubation in the TEAS group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the situations related to tracheal intubation,and the inci-dence of hoarseness 1 hour,6,and 24 hours after extubation between the two groups.Conclusion The transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on Tiantu acupoint and bilateral Hegu acupoints can signifi-cantly reduce the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat,and VAS pain scores of sore throat in patients undergoing double-lumen bronchial intubation.