Objective: To understand the hydration status and related factors of rural boarding primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for drinking water health intervention for primary school students. Methods: In November 2023, a convenience sampling approach was employed to conduct a hydration status survey among 144 boarding students in grades 5 and 6 of a rural primary school in Guangxi. The Duplicate meal method and weighing method were utilized to measure the food derived water intake over three consecutive days. Urine osmolarity of students was measured on site for three days, and a simple physical examination was also carried out. A self administered questionnaire was used to investigate students drinking water literacy, daily water intake, and physical activity levels. Meanwhile, a drinking water literacy survey was conducted among 21 substitute teachers and 144 parents of the boarding students in grades 5 and 6. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with students hydration status. Results: The median daily total water intake of students was 2 043.55 mL, and 54.86% of the students did not reach the recommended Adequate Intake (AI). The median food derived water intake was 1 149.24 mL, accounting for 53.94% of the total water intake. Univariate analysis revealed that the daily drinking frequency, daily water intake, and food derived water intake of students were related factors of hydration status ( β =-1.60, -1.01, -0.00, all P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that primary school students with a daily drinking frequency of ≥7 times were more likely to maintain an adequate hydration status ( OR =0.28, 95% CI =0.09-0.93, P ＜0.05). Conclusions The water intake from food is the main source of water in the body for boarding primary school students in a certain rural school in Guangxi. Primary school students should increase their water intake frequency appropriately to maintain an adequate hydration status.

Objective: To investigate the current status of knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding drinking water among primary school students in rural areas of China, so as to provide scientific basis for implementing health interventions related to drinking water. Methods: From November to December 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 6 354 fourth to sixth grade primary school students in Shanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi and Gansu for a questionnaire survey. A uniformly designed questionnaire (including basic information, drinking water-related knowledge, attitudes and practices indicators) was distributed and completed by the students themselves. The χ 2 test was used to analyze the differences in drinking water-related indicators among students of different gender and boarder, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of drinking water practices among students. Results: Among the indicators of drinking water knowledge, the awareness rate of appropriate daily water intake for respective student age groups was the lowest (27.90%). The awareness rate among nonresident students was significantly higher than that among boarding students (31.29%, 15.49%, χ 2=132.75, P <0.01). Regarding attitudes toward drinking water, 13.33% of the students believed that well water or tap water could be drunk directly, and 9.58% believed that going to the toilet at school was troublesome. Regarding practices, the self-reported water intake among students was 1 000 (600, 1 200) mL. The results of multifactorial Logistic regression showed that higher grades ( OR=1.60, 95%CI =1.34-1.92), nonresident students ( OR=1.32, 95%CI = 1.15 -1.52), northern region ( OR=1.43, 95%CI =1.27-1.61), knowledge of appropriate daily water intake ( OR=1.41, 95%CI =1.24-1.60), drinking temperature ( OR=1.43, 95%CI =1.28-1.60), scientific hydration methods ( OR=1.25, 95%CI =1.08- 1.44 ), and adopting scientific hydration methods regularly ( OR=1.75, 95%CI =1.50-2.04) were the independent influences on daily water intake attainment ( P <0.05). Conclusions Rural primary school students lack knowledge about healthy drinking water, have cognitive biases about safe drinking water and exhibit unhealthy drinking behavior. It is suggested that health education be carried out in combination with the characteristics of students to enhance their drinking water literacy.

Objective To study the spatial distribution of the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Hubei Province and its influencing factors, so as to improve the theoretical basis for scientific development of tuberculosis prevention and control measures in the future. Methods The data of reported incidence of tuberculosis and related influencing factors in various counties and districts of Hubei Province in 2020 were collected. Global Moran's I index, hotspot analysis and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model analysis were used to calculate the spatial autocorrelation of the incidence of tuberculosis, and to analyze the influencing factors affecting the incidence rate of tuberculosis. Results There were obvious regional differences in the space distribution of the incidence rate of tuberculosis. Hot spot analysis showed positive spatial correlation and obvious clustering. The GWR model (AICc=784.251) in this study had higher AICc value compared to the ordinary least squares regression (OLS) model (AICc=804.2585). The GWR model showed that the increase in the proportion of the population aged 65 and above and the proportion of the ethnic minority population had a significant promoting effect on the increase of the incidence rate of tuberculosis, and there was significant spatial heterogeneity. The effect of PM_2.5 concentration on the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis varied in different regions, and the degree of effect was also different. Conclusion The proportion of people aged 65 and above and the proportion of ethnic minorities may significantly influence the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The effect of PM_2.5 concentration varies in different regions, so targeted measures should be formulated according to the situation in different regions.

Schizophrenia (SZ) stands as a severe psychiatric disorder. This study applied diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in conjunction with graph neural networks to distinguish SZ patients from normal controls (NCs) and showcases the superior performance of a graph neural network integrating combined fractional anisotropy and fiber number brain network features, achieving an accuracy of 73.79% in distinguishing SZ patients from NCs. Beyond mere discrimination, our study delved deeper into the advantages of utilizing white matter brain network features for identifying SZ patients through interpretable model analysis and gene expression analysis. These analyses uncovered intricate interrelationships between brain imaging markers and genetic biomarkers, providing novel insights into the neuropathological basis of SZ. In summary, our findings underscore the potential of graph neural networks applied to multimodal DTI data for enhancing SZ detection through an integrated analysis of neuroimaging and genetic features.
Humans ; Schizophrenia/pathology* ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Brain/metabolism* ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; White Matter/pathology* ; Gene Expression ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging* ; Graph Neural Networks

Objective To investigate the quality of life status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its influencing factors,understand their demands for continuous nursing services,analyze the correlation,and provide a reference for formulating and implementing continuous nursing plans for diabetes in the later stage.Methods From May to December 2024,a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 294 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this hospital by using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),the Diabetes Pa-tient-Specific Quality of Life Scale(DSQL),and the Questionnaire on the Need for Continuous Care.Results The SAS score of patients with type 2 diabetes was 45.76±7.45,DSQL score was 54.68±10.99,and the score of continuous care needs was 32.98±5.79.The quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is mainly influenced by factors such as age,family type,educational level,average monthly family in-come,duration of diabetes,blood glucose control,dietary compliance,intensity of physical exercise,and diabet-ic complications.The quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was positively correlated with need for continuous care(P<0.05).Conclusion The quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is influenced by multiple factors and is related to the need for continuous care.Professional continuous care plans can be formulated and implemented based on the needs of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To establish the UPLC fingerprint evaluation system of Viticis Fructus; To comprehensively evaluate the quality of Viticis Fructus and its processed products combining with multivariate statistical methods and compositional variance analysis.Methods:19 batches of Viticis Fructus from different regions were collected and processed by frying process into decoction pieces. The separation was operated on Waters CORTECS T3 C18 chromatographic column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.6 μm). Acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid water were used as mobile phases for gradient elution, to establish the UPLC fingerprints of Viticis Fructus. The UPLC fingerprints of Viticis Fructus were analyzed using similarity evaluation, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The contents of seven active components in the samples of Viticis Fructus and fried Viticis Fructus were determined.Results:A total of 26 common peaks were identified in the fingerprints of 38 batches of samples, and 7 components were identified. Similarity evaluation results demonstrated that the chemical components of Viticis Fructus from Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, were significantly different from those of other regions. The results of PCA and PLS-DA analysis showed that the chemical components of Viticis Fructus and fried Viticis Fructus could be clearly distinguished, and the processing process had an impact on the components. The results of content determination showed that the contents of some components increased or decreased after frying. The analysis results of grey correlation method and TOPSIS method show that the medicinal materials in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province have a high score ranking and stable quality.Conclusion:This study successfully establishes the fingerprints of Viticis Fructus and its processed products, grey correlation method and TOPSIS method analysis revealed the quality differences of samples from different origins, which providing a scientific basis for the quality control and evaluation of Viticis Fructus and its processed products.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of using the cell-free DNA(cfDNA)carrying tissue-specific mutations as biomarkers for assessing the severity of exercise-induced tissue injury.Methods Based on a public gene expression database,ten tissue-specific and highly-expressed genes were selected for each of ten different human tissues.A total of 34 young healthy volunteers were recruited,and their peripheral blood samples were collected after running 5 km per day for one week.Genomic DNA from leukocytes,plasma exosomal RNA,and plasma cfDNA were extracted and subjected to high-throughput sequencing respectively.Tissue-specific somatic mutations in plasma exosomal RNA were identified,and the relationship between cfDNA carrying these mutations and traditional protein biomarkers was analyzed.Results Tissue-specific cfDNA mutations related to five tissues(myocardium,skeletal muscle,intestine,stomach,and kidney)were detected in more than five volunteers.The correlation coefficients between total plasma cfDNA levels and the levels of tissue-specific protein biomarkers associated with these five tissues were less than 0.3(n=34,r=-0.51-0.28,P=0.0022-0.65).Notably,for each specific tissue,the levels of tissue-specific cfDNA mutations were positively correlated with the corresponding protein biomarker levels,and correlation coefficients were over 0.8(n=7-13,r=0.81-0.92,P=9.0×10-4-0.020).Conclusion Tissue-specific cfDNA mutations may serve as novel potential biomarkers for non-invasive evaluation of exercise-related tissue injury.

Background::Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is the commonest pediatric sellar tumor. No effective drug is available and interpatient heterogeneity is prominent. This study aimed to identify distinct molecular subgroups of ACP based on the multi-omics profiles, imaging findings, and histological features, in order to predict the response to anti-inflammatory treatment and immunotherapies.Methods::Totally 142 Chinese cases diagnosed with craniopharyngiomas were profiled, including 119 ACPs and 23 papillary craniopharyngiomas. Whole-exome sequencing (151 tumors, including recurrent ones), RNA sequencing (84 tumors), and DNA methylome profiling (95 tumors) were performed. Consensus clustering and non-negative matrix factorization were used for subgrouping, and Cox regression were utilized for prognostic evaluation, respectively.Results::Three distinct molecular subgroups were identified: WNT, ImA, and ImB. The WNT subgroup showed higher Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity, with a greater number of epithelial cells and more predominantly solid tumors. The ImA and ImB subgroups had activated inflammatory and interferon response pathways, with enhanced immune cell infiltration and more predominantly cystic tumors. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MEK/MAPK) signaling was activated only in ImA samples, while IL-6 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarkers were highly expressed in the ImB group, mostly consisting of children. The degree of astrogliosis was significantly elevated in the ImA group, with severe finger-like protrusions at the invasive front of the tumor. The molecular subgrouping was an independent prognostic factor, with the WNT group having longer event-free survival than ImB (Cox, P = 0.04). ImA/ImB cases were more likely to respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy than the WNT group ( P <0.01). In the preliminary screening of subtyping markers, CD38 was significantly downregulated in WNT compared with ImA and ImB ( P = 0.01). Conclusions::ACP comprises three molecular subtypes with distinct imaging and histological features. The prognosis of the WNT type is better than that of the ImB group, which is more likely to benefit from the ICB treatment.

Background::Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can profoundly affect the mental health of the people living with HIV (PLWH), with higher rates of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. The disparities in neuropsychological problems evaluated by physicians and self-assessed by patients are still unknown.Methods::A total of 5000 PLWH and 500 physicians from 167 hospitals were enrolled in this cross-sectional study from September 2022 to February 2023. 4-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) was used for the evaluation of depressive issues and anxiety issues by PLWH. Each physician assessed 10 PLWH under their care for the presence of depressive or anxiety issues. The primary outcomes of this study are the concordance rates on the depressive issues and anxiety issues evaluation between physicians and PLWH. The Cohen’s kappa test was used to assess the agreement between physicians and PLWH.Results::The concordance rate for the evaluation of depressive issues is 73.84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.60-75.04%), and it is significantly different from the expected rate of 80% ( P <0.001). Similarly, the concordance rate for the evaluation of anxiety issues is 71.74% (95% CI: 70.47-72.97%), which is significantly different from the expected rate of 80% as per the null hypothesis ( P <0.001). The overestimation rate by physicians on depressive issues is 12.20% (95% CI: 11.32-13.14%), and for anxiety issues is 12.76% (95% CI: 11.86-13.71%). The mismatch rate for depressive issues is 26.16% (95% CI: 24.96-27.40%), and for anxiety issues is 28.26% (95% CI: 27.02-29.53%). The underestimation rate by physicians on depressive issues is 13.96% (95% CI: 13.03-14.95%), and for anxiety issues is 15.50% (95% CI: 14.52-16.53%). For the treatment regiments, PLWH sustained on innovative treatment regimen (IR) related to a lower prevalence of depressive issues (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87, P = 0.003) and a lower prevalence of anxiety issues (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52-0.76, P <0.001). PLWH switch from conventional treatment regimen (CR) to IR also related to a lower prevalence of depressive issues (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.98) and a lower prevalence of anxiety issues (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.99). Conclusion::Nearly one in three PLWH had their condition misjudged by their physicians. The findings underscore the need for improved communication and standardized assessment protocols in the care of PLWH, especially during the acute phase of HIV infection.

Optical genome mapping (OGM) is a novel non-sequencing genetic analysis technology that enables high-precision analysis of structural variations across the entire genome. It possesses unique technical advantages, and its procedural simplicity makes it easy to implement. In recent years, the application efficacy of OGM technology in the analysis of genomic structural variations in hematologic malignancies has been widely validated and recognized. Increasing evidence indicates that the application of OGM technology can help improve the genetic diagnosis, prognostic stratification and treatment guidance of hematologic malignancies. This article draws upon pertinent reports from the 65th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting to provide an overview of the progress in applying OGM technology for the precise diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies.