Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin D(VD)on intestinal flora in spontaneously diabetic rats.Methods Zucker diabetic fatty rats(ZDF rats)were randomised to control(Con)group,VD control(VD)group,model(T2DM)group,and VD intervention(VD+T2DM)group.Fasting blood glucose profiles and oral glucose tolerance levels were determined in rats of each group.16S rDNA sequencing was used to assess changes in rat intestinal flora.OTU analysis(Venn diagram),α diversity analysis(chao1,observed species,PD whole tree,and shannon and simpson),βdiversity analysis(principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)),flora structure,and colony species variability analysis(linear discriminant analysis and influence factor(LEfSe)analysis)were also performed.Results VD intervention significantly improved fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in T2DM rats(P＜0.05).α diversity showed no significant differences in chao1,observed species,PD whole tree,and shannon and simpson indices between T2DM and VD+T2DM groups(P＞0.05).β diversity analysis showed that the VD+T2DM group had more species similarity to the Con group than the T2DM group.The dominant bacteria of rat intestinal flora in each group were significantly different.In comparison to the T2DM group,the VD+T2DM group showed a decrease in abundance of Bacteroidetes and increases in abundances of Firmicutes and Clostridium XIVa.Conclusions VD improves fasting glucose elevation and insulin resistance in T2DM rats.VD improves the structure of intestinal flora,decreases Bacteroidetes,and elevates Firmicutes and Clostridium XIVa abundances in T2DM rats.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has become an essential method in psychiatric disorders. However, many problems occurred in clinical application. This article interpreted the Association Standard T/CMEAS 011-2023'Operating Specifications for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Applications on Psychiatric Disorders′ released by the Chinese Medicine Education Association. The main content included a range of applications, normative references, terms and definitions, site specifications, equipment specifications, ability specifications of rTMS operators and rTMS process specifications.This article provided suggestions for clinical applications of rTMS on psychiatric disorders.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has become an essential method in psychiatric disorders. However, many problems occurred in clinical application. This article interpreted the Association Standard T/CMEAS 011-2023'Operating Specifications for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Applications on Psychiatric Disorders′ released by the Chinese Medicine Education Association. The main content included a range of applications, normative references, terms and definitions, site specifications, equipment specifications, ability specifications of rTMS operators and rTMS process specifications.This article provided suggestions for clinical applications of rTMS on psychiatric disorders.

Objective:To investigate the infection spectrum revealed by metagenomics high-throughput next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and to provide a reference for infection diagnosis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods:A total of 64 patients who developed systemic or local infection symptoms after allo-HSCT in Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital from January 2018 to November 2018 were enrolled. Gene sequences of pathogenic microorganisms in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and bronchoalveolar fluid specimens were detected by using mNGS. The pathogenic microorganisms or suspected pathogens were determined based on the clinical manifestations of patients.Results:There were 97 samples of mNGS detection for 64 patients who underwent allo-HSCT. The most common gram-positive bacteria were staphylococcus haemolyticus (19 times) and staphylococcus (14 times), and the most common gram-negative bacterium was acinetobacter baumannii (8 times). The most common viruses were cytomegalovirus, EB virus and Torque teno virus (35, 22 and 23 times, respectively), and the most common fungi were malassezia globus (14 times) and candida parapsilosis (8 times). There were 3 mycobacterium tuberculosis complexes detected in 3 patients with acute myeloid leukemia who received allo-HSCT. Mycoplasma orale was detected in one patient's sputum, and none parasite was detected.Conclusion:mNGS can comprehensively reveal the infection spectrum of hematologic diseases after allo-HSCT, especially for pathogenic microorganisms that are rare or difficult to cultivate, and it can effectively help the diagnosis of clinically infectious pathogens.

The plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy),vitamin B12 and folic acid were measured in a total of 101 patients with herpes zoster (observation group) before treatment and 100 healthy controls (control group).And the plasma level of Hcy was also measured in observation group after treatment.There was a significant increase of Hcy level in observation group versus control group (P ＜0.01).And the levels of VitB12 and folic acid did not fluctuate (P ＞ 0.05).The occurrence rate of hyperhomocysteinemia and the level of Hcy differed in age group,onset site and pain severity (P ＜ 0.05).No significant differences existed between gender or onset site (P ＞ 0.05).The level of Hcy significantly decreased after treatment versus before treatment (P ＜0.01).Plasma Hcy significantly increased in patients with herpes zoster.And it was correlated with age,lesion extent and pain severity.However,there was no correlation with gender,onset site or levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to describe the distribution of 24 elements in urine of Shenzhen residents.

METHODSAccording to the principle of equal probability of selection method, in March 2011 to July, total 11 communities were chosen as the basic sampling unit in Shenzhen, with 1 to 2 communities in each of the municipal district. Then 75 families from each sampling unit were selected using systematic sampling method. In total, 2 200 subjects were chosen. 10-20 ml morning middle stream urine was collected, and then detected the concentration of Li, Be, Sr, Cd, Cs, Ta, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Sn, Sb, Te, As, Se, Ru, Na, Mg, K, and analysed the discrepancies between gender and among age groups.

RESULTSIn those 24 elements, the concentration of Na was highest, the medians( 5th percentile (P 5), 95th percentile (P 95)) were 2 845.78 (920.29, 5 974.53) mg/L; Be was lowest, the result was 0.10(0.01, 0.58) µg/L. Except macroelements of Na (2 921.97 (985.14, 6 201.51) mg/L), Mg (48.20(8.23, 132.41) mg/L), K (2 323.20(683.98, 5 657.47) mg/L), the content of Rb was highest, 3.31(9.82, 7.83) mg/L, followed by Zn, 454.54(113.90, 1 320.00) µg/L, the content of V, Cr, Mn, Se, Tl was pretty low, the median of those elements all less than 1.00 µg/L. Statistically significant differences were found between genders and among age groups in Pb, Fe, Se (gender: Z values were 4.51, 2.53, 4.00, all P values were <0.05; age groups: H values were 55.67, 129.42, 18.46, all P values were <0.05). The medians(P5, P95) were 2.04 (0.57, 5.31), 202.88 (48.66, 564.90), 49.68 (14.34, 150.91) µg/L. The values of male were 2.22 (0.71, 5.33), 212 (47.50, 567.29), 53.42 (16.20, 160.63) µg/L. And the results of female were 1.95 (0.51, 5.24), 193.69 (49.52, 562.31), 46.62 (12.65, 142.80) µg/L; the values of less than 17 years old subjects were 1.66 (0.38, 3.77), 106.13 (26.69, 459.81), 51.86 (15.86, 169.71) µg/L; the results were 1.96 (0.52, 5.08), 209.83(52.87, 577.81), 54.14 (15.14, 144.11) µg/L in the group of 18 to 40 years old; in the 41 to 65 years old group, the values were 2.29 (0.78, 5.85), 228.15 (67.74, 615.16), 46.62 (13.95, 143.57) µg/L, the results were 2.19 (0.65, 5.69), 195.92(55.17, 490.24), 43.16 (12.42, 155.36) µg/L in 66 years old and more group.

CONCLUSIONAmong these 24 elements in urine of Shenzhen residents, the Na concentration was highest, while Be was lowest. Elements (Pb, Fe, Se) differed with the condition of gender and age groups. So we should take all these factors into account to establish their reference values.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Trace Elements ; urine ; Young Adult