Objective:To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNP), and to observe its mechanism by targeting spinal cannabinoid receptors (CBRs).Methods:A total of 75 male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (15 rats in each group), i. e. blank control group, CIPNP control group, CIPNP+ HBO group, CIPNP+ HBO+ AM630 group, and CIPNP+ HBO+ AM251 group. The model rats with CIPNP were established by injecting paclitaxel (i.p.). Each group with HBO intervention received the HBO treatment on the second day after each of the 5 times of paclitaxel injection. The CIPNP+ HBO+ AM630 and CIPNP+ HBO+ AM251 groups were administered with AM630 (an antagonist of CBR2) and AM251 (an antagonist of CBR1) respectively before each HBO treatment. The behavioral test was carried out to measure the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of rats by von fery filaments before the experiment and every 7 days during the experiment. The expressions of CBR1 and CBR2 were tested by Western blotting. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was tested by immunohistochemistry (ICH) and Western blotting. And the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord, i. e. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Compared with that of the blank control group, the MWT of the CIPNP control group was significantly decreased ( P<0.01), and the difference was most significant [(15.46±2.83) g vs. (4.33±3.53) g; P<0.01] especially on the 21st day of the experiment. The expressions of spinal GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with those of the CIPNP control group, the MWT and spinal CBR2 of the CIPNP+ HBO group were significantly increased ( P<0.05), the GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the spinal cord were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the above-mentioned effects could be blocked by intraperitoneal injection of AM630, while there was no such reverse effect after intraperitoneal injection of AM251. Conclusion:HBO can prevent paclitaxel-induced CIPNP, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of spinal CBR2 and then the blocking of the activation of GFAP and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord.

Objective:To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNP), and to observe its mechanism by targeting spinal cannabinoid receptors (CBRs).Methods:A total of 75 male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (15 rats in each group), i. e. blank control group, CIPNP control group, CIPNP+ HBO group, CIPNP+ HBO+ AM630 group, and CIPNP+ HBO+ AM251 group. The model rats with CIPNP were established by injecting paclitaxel (i.p.). Each group with HBO intervention received the HBO treatment on the second day after each of the 5 times of paclitaxel injection. The CIPNP+ HBO+ AM630 and CIPNP+ HBO+ AM251 groups were administered with AM630 (an antagonist of CBR2) and AM251 (an antagonist of CBR1) respectively before each HBO treatment. The behavioral test was carried out to measure the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of rats by von fery filaments before the experiment and every 7 days during the experiment. The expressions of CBR1 and CBR2 were tested by Western blotting. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was tested by immunohistochemistry (ICH) and Western blotting. And the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord, i. e. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Compared with that of the blank control group, the MWT of the CIPNP control group was significantly decreased ( P<0.01), and the difference was most significant [(15.46±2.83) g vs. (4.33±3.53) g; P<0.01] especially on the 21st day of the experiment. The expressions of spinal GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with those of the CIPNP control group, the MWT and spinal CBR2 of the CIPNP+ HBO group were significantly increased ( P<0.05), the GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the spinal cord were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the above-mentioned effects could be blocked by intraperitoneal injection of AM630, while there was no such reverse effect after intraperitoneal injection of AM251. Conclusion:HBO can prevent paclitaxel-induced CIPNP, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of spinal CBR2 and then the blocking of the activation of GFAP and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord.

Objective To compare the value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) mode and mono-exponential mode in predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for locally advanced breast carcinoma using DWI.Methods From January 1,2013 to December 31,2016,eighty patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma were enrolled into this prospective clinical study.The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of histopathological results.The clinical stage stayed at Ⅱ or Ⅲ.The patients would receive breast-conserving surgery after NAC.All the patients underwent DWI examination by using both mono-exponential mode and DKI mode before chemotherapy was initiated.The parameters included ADC,mean diffusivity (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK).Within 1 to 3 days before or after MRI examination,the patients underwent aspiration biopsy,received 4 to 8 cycles of NAC and followed by surgery.According to histologic grading before NAC,the patients were classified into well-differentiated and poor-differentiated group.According to the comparison between pathological results acquired from biopsy before NAC and specimen acquired after surgery,the patients were classified into pathologic complete response (pCR) and pathologic non-complete response (non-pCR) according to treatment effect.The imaging parameters were compared between the pCR and the non-pCR group using t test.The predicting ability of two imaging modes was compared and analyzed with ROC analysis.The relationships between multiple imaging parameters,pathologic,clinical characteristics of tumor and treatment effect were analyzed using logistic multi-variate regression analysis,and further analyzed using Wald test.Results There were 30 cases of pCR and 50 cases of non-pCR.The ADC and MD values were lower in the pCR group than in the non-pCR group (P＜0.05).MK value was higher in the pCR group than in the non-pCR group (P＜0.05).ROC analysis showed that the area under ROC curve of ADC,MD and MK in predicting treatment effect were 0.732,0.866 and 0.683 respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that,according to predicting ability,MD,ADC and MK successively were the independent predictors for the early response to chemotherapy.Conclusion Compared with mono-exponential mode,DKI mode can reflect the real micro-environment and water diffusion restriction within the tumor area more reliably and accurately,and is more suitable to serve as an imaging technique for predicting the response to NAC for locally advanced breast carcinoma.

Objective: To identify the Chinese medicinal granule (CMG) by measuring IR fingerprints. Methods : 12 species drugs were extracted with butanone respectively and then the obtained extracts were measured by the FT-IR spectrometer. Results : By IR fingerprint of 12 kinds of CMG, we found that different batches of the same CMG had a stable and repeatable fingerprint. Conclusion : By using IR fingerprint, CMG can be identified. It provides a rapid monitoring for drug identification and quality control.