With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

ObjectiveTo delineate imaging findings using an imaging platform and investigate the correlation between MRI characteristics of spinal cord atrophy and clinical diagnosis in children with spinal cord injury (SCI). MethodsImaging data of 150 children with SCI admitted to Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, from January, 2002 to March, 2024 were collected and imported into the imaging platform. The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the middle part of the spinal cord at the cross-section with the most severe atrophy were measured, and the relevant indicators of the previous normal spinal cord segment were measured as controls; the radiomic features were extracted. Clinical data of the children including gender, age, cause of injury, sensory level, motor level, spinal cord injury level, injury severity and disease course were collected. ResultsSpinal cord atrophy was identified in 81 cases (54%), among which 78 cases (96%) were American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade A and 3 cases (4%) were AIS grade C. The upper boundary of the spinal cord atrophy site strongly correlated with the injury level, motor level and sensory level (r > 0.8, P < 0.001). ConclusionMore than half of children with SCI may develop secondary spinal cord atrophy, the vast majority of whom suffer from complete spinal cord injury; the upper boundary of spinal cord atrophy is correlated with the injury level.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Sini San （SNS） inhibits ferroptosis， alleviates inflammation and myocardial injury， and improves myocardial infarction （MI）. MethodsThe active ingredients of SNS were obtained by searching the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Platform （TCMSP） database， its target sites were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction Database， and the core components were screened out using the CytoNCA plug-in. The targets of MI and ferroptosis were obtained by using GeneCards， Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） database， DrugBank， Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）， FerrDb database and literature review， respectively. The intersection of these targets of SNS-MI-ferroptosis was plotted as a Venn diagram. The protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed using the STRING database， and the visualization graph was prepared using Cytoscape. The core targets were screened out using the CytoNCA plug-in， and the biological functions were clustered by the MCODE plug-in. Gene Ontology （GO） functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the David database. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock and visualized with PyMOL2.5.2. The Kunming mice were randomly divided into the control group， the model group， the SNS group， and the trimetazidine （TMZ） group. The mice were subcutaneously injected with isoprenaline （ISO， 5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） to establish an MI model. The drug was continuously intervened for 7 days. The ST-segment changes were recorded by electrocardiogram （ECG）， and the tissue morphology changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Cardiomyocyte ferroptosis was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Serum creatine kinase （CK）， creatine kinase isoenzyme （CK-MB）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， reduced glutathione （GSH）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） levels were detected by biochemical assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum levels of interleukin （IL）-6 and 4-hydroxynonenal （4-HNE）. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect IL-6 and phosphorylated signal transducer and transcription activator 3 （p-STAT3） in cardiac tissues. Western blot was used to detect STAT3 and p-STAT3 in cardiac tissues. Real-time PCR was used to detect the levels of IL-6， IL-18， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）， arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase （ALOX15）， and glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPx4） in cardiac tissues. ResultsA total of 121 active ingredients of SNS were obtained， and 58 potential targets of SNS in the treatment of MI by regulating ferroptosis were screened. The three protein modules with a score5 were mainly related to the inflammatory response. The GO function was mainly related to inflammation， and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that SNS mainly regulated ferroptosis- and inflammation- related signaling pathways. Molecular docking indicated that the core component had a higher binding force to the target site. Animal experiments confirmed that SNS reduced the level of p-STAT3 （P0.01）， down-regulated the expression of ALOX15 mRNA （P0.01）， up-regulated the level of serum GSH， and the expressions of SLC7A11 and GPx4 mRNA， reduced MDA and 4-HNE levels （P0.05， P0.01）. Additionally， SNS improved the mitochondrial injury induced by cardiomyocyte ferroptosis， reduced the area of MI， alleviated inflammation and myocardial injury， lowered the levels of serum CK， CK-MB， LDH， IL-6， and the mRNA expression levels of IL-16 and IL-18 （P0.05）， and improved ST segment elevation. ConclusionSNS can reduce ISO-induced STAT3 phosphorylation levels， inhibit ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes， alleviate inflammation and myocardial injury， thereby improving MI.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Sini San （SNS） inhibits ferroptosis， alleviates inflammation and myocardial injury， and improves myocardial infarction （MI）. MethodsThe active ingredients of SNS were obtained by searching the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Platform （TCMSP） database， its target sites were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction Database， and the core components were screened out using the CytoNCA plug-in. The targets of MI and ferroptosis were obtained by using GeneCards， Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） database， DrugBank， Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）， FerrDb database and literature review， respectively. The intersection of these targets of SNS-MI-ferroptosis was plotted as a Venn diagram. The protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed using the STRING database， and the visualization graph was prepared using Cytoscape. The core targets were screened out using the CytoNCA plug-in， and the biological functions were clustered by the MCODE plug-in. Gene Ontology （GO） functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the David database. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock and visualized with PyMOL2.5.2. The Kunming mice were randomly divided into the control group， the model group， the SNS group， and the trimetazidine （TMZ） group. The mice were subcutaneously injected with isoprenaline （ISO， 5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） to establish an MI model. The drug was continuously intervened for 7 days. The ST-segment changes were recorded by electrocardiogram （ECG）， and the tissue morphology changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Cardiomyocyte ferroptosis was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Serum creatine kinase （CK）， creatine kinase isoenzyme （CK-MB）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， reduced glutathione （GSH）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） levels were detected by biochemical assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum levels of interleukin （IL）-6 and 4-hydroxynonenal （4-HNE）. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect IL-6 and phosphorylated signal transducer and transcription activator 3 （p-STAT3） in cardiac tissues. Western blot was used to detect STAT3 and p-STAT3 in cardiac tissues. Real-time PCR was used to detect the levels of IL-6， IL-18， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）， arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase （ALOX15）， and glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPx4） in cardiac tissues. ResultsA total of 121 active ingredients of SNS were obtained， and 58 potential targets of SNS in the treatment of MI by regulating ferroptosis were screened. The three protein modules with a score5 were mainly related to the inflammatory response. The GO function was mainly related to inflammation， and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that SNS mainly regulated ferroptosis- and inflammation- related signaling pathways. Molecular docking indicated that the core component had a higher binding force to the target site. Animal experiments confirmed that SNS reduced the level of p-STAT3 （P0.01）， down-regulated the expression of ALOX15 mRNA （P0.01）， up-regulated the level of serum GSH， and the expressions of SLC7A11 and GPx4 mRNA， reduced MDA and 4-HNE levels （P0.05， P0.01）. Additionally， SNS improved the mitochondrial injury induced by cardiomyocyte ferroptosis， reduced the area of MI， alleviated inflammation and myocardial injury， lowered the levels of serum CK， CK-MB， LDH， IL-6， and the mRNA expression levels of IL-16 and IL-18 （P0.05）， and improved ST segment elevation. ConclusionSNS can reduce ISO-induced STAT3 phosphorylation levels， inhibit ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes， alleviate inflammation and myocardial injury， thereby improving MI.

Objective To analyze the case data of farmers' foodborne disease surveillance reports in Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2024, and to provide reference for the precise prevention and control of foodborne diseases among farmers in Guizhou Province. Methods Case data of foodborne disease surveillance reports of farmers were systematically collected from 2022 to 2024 in Guizhou Province. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, geographical, and demographic distribution of foodborne diseases among farmers, along with their primary clinical symptoms and pathogen detection results. Results From 2022 to 2024, a total of 22,882 cases of foodborne diseases were reported among farmers in Guizhou Province. The majority of clinical symptoms (97.81%) were related to the digestive system, with summer being the peak season. While females outnumbered males, the gender difference was statistically insignificant (P >0.05). The 36-55 age group accounted for the highest proportion (38.83%), with Zunyi City (34.89%) and Qiandongnan Prefecture (23.21%) reporting the most cases. Fungal products were the most frequently reported suspected food items (26.96%), and home-made preparation was the primary processing method (58.63%). A total of 1 210 fecal samples were collected through active monitoring with an overall detection rate of 13.22%. Norovirus showed the highest detection rate (9.92%, 120/1 210). Statistically significant differences were observed among different seasons, age groups, regions, types and processing methods of suspected food exposure, and pathogen detection rates (P <0.001). Conclusion Foodborne disease prevention and control among farmers in Guizhou Province should focus on the risks of wild mushroom poisoning in summer and homemade foods, and continuously improve farmers' awareness of the dangers of foodborne diseases and food safety.

Pathologic myopia(PM)is characterized by progressive axial elongation, posterior staphyloma, and fundus degenerative changes, representing a leading cause of blindness in Asian countries.Posterior scleral reinforcement(PSR)is currently the only surgical intervention to slow axial elongation. Its mechanisms involve mechanical reinforcement, improved blood circulation, and biological stimulation of scleral remodeling. This article reviews recent advances in PSR: surgical techniques have evolved from complex, classic procedures to standardized single-strip methods, incorporating 3D MRI to quantify posterior staphyloma morphology for personalized graft design and facilitating minimally invasive, precision surgery. Among implant materials, biomaterials such as allogeneic dura mater are being continuously optimized, while biomimetic piezoelectric smart materials actively promote scleral collagen synthesis through electrical signals, achieving a paradigm shift from “passive support”to “active reinforcement”. Clinical outcomes indicate advantages in regulating axial length, enhancing visual function and blood circulation, and facilitating early intervention in children. Combined procedures with ICL implantation, cataract surgery or vitrectomy provide comprehensive treatment regimens for individual patients with varied conditions. This article also analyzes long-term issues and core controversies including ectopic posterior staphyloma and reoperation, and prospects future research directions such as artificial intelligence assistance, translation of smart materials and full-cycle prevention and treatment systems, so as to provide references for clinical practice and scientific research.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the larvicidal effect of ultrasonic waves against Aedes albopictus larvae at various exposure parameters (distance and time), and to preliminarily investigate the effects of different containers (water volume and depth) and ultrasonic devices on the larvicidal efficacy, so as to provide experimental evidence for the application of ultrasound-based mosquito control technology. MethodsUnder controlled laboratory conditions, two commercially available ultrasonic devices [40 kHz/300 W and (50±5) kHz/70 W] were used to systematically examine the effects of exposure distance (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 cm), exposure duration (1, 3, 6, 15 and 60 min), larval instar(Ⅰ‒Ⅱ and Ⅲ‒Ⅳ）, and container type on the immediate mortality of Aedes albopictus larvae collected from urban areas of Shanghai. Statistical analysis of the mortality rates of larvae among different experimental groups was performed using the chi-square test. ResultsUltrasonic exposure exerted a detectable larvicidal effect against Aedes albopictus larvae of all instars. For early-instar larvae, exposure time significantly affected mortality at all tested distances (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm), with χ² values ranging from 25.57 to 32.74 ( all P<0.001). No significant distance effect was observed in the first and second instar larvae after short-term exposure (1 and 3 min; P>0.05). However, a distance-dependent effect emerged from 6 min onward (P<0.05). During short-term exposure (1 min and 3 min) at close range (20 cm and 40 cm), the immediate mortality of the third and fourth instar larvae was higher than that of the first and second instar larvae. Conversely, during prolonged exposure (15 min and 60 min), the first and second instar larvae exhibited significantly higher mortality than that of the third and fourth instar larvae. These results indicated that larval mortality was jointly influenced by exposure duration and distance. Preliminary experiments indicated that larvicidal efficacy in shallow water was lower than that in deep water. No significant difference in larvicidal effect was observed between the two ultrasonic devices with different frequencies and power outputs. ConclusionUnder laboratory conditions, ultrasound can effectively kill Aedes albopictus larvae, and the larvicidal effect is jointly influenced by larval instar, exposure distance, and aquatic environment. Compact ultrasonic devices show potential for field application in biological mosquito control.

Objective To assess functional abnormalities in frontoparietal attention network of patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI),and to analyze neural mechanism of its attention disorders based on independent component analysis(ICA).Methods Totally 84 TBI patients were prospectively enrolled and divided into mild(n=33),moderate(n=27)and severe TBI groups(n=24)according to symptoms,non-contrast enhanced MRI findings,Glasgow coma scale(GCS)and Mayo craniocerebral trauma grading criteria.ICA was used to extract and analyze the optimal independent components(IC)of the dorsal attention network(DAN)and ventral attention network(VAN).Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to explore the correlations of functional connectivity(FC)of brain regions being significantly different among groups within attention network and the scores of trail making test A/B(TMT-A/B).Results Compared with control group and mild TBI group,spatial distribution of DAN(especially bilateral frontal eye field[FEF])in moderate and severe TBI groups were significantly smaller,the clusters tended to be discrete,and the intensity were significantly weakened.The right temporal parietal junction(TPJ)and right ventral frontal cortex(VFC)of VAN in control group,mild and moderate TBI groups were significantly affected,and VFC connection strength was the highest in severe TBI group.FC intensity in right VFC of TBI patients was positively correlated with TMT-A score(r=0.654,P＜0.001),which in left FEF was negatively correlated with TMT-B score(r=—0.383,P＜0.001).Conclusion FC of frontoparietal attention network was abnormal in TBI patients,which might be neural mechanism for its attention behavior disorders.

To investigate the potential protective effect of thalidomide (THD) on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its underlying mechanisms. Twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, DN and DN+THD200 groups by random number table method. The DN mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The DN+THD200 group received THD treatment (200 mg·kg -1·d -1) for 8 weeks. Blood and urine biochemical parameters, as well as renal histopathological changes, were compared among the three groups. For in vitro experiments, a high glucose (HG)-induced injury model was established in mouse glomerular podocytes (MPC5). Cells were divided into control (NG), HG, HG+DMSO, HG+THD100 (100 μg/ml), and HG+THD200 (200 μg/ml) groups. THD-treated cells were exposed to THD for 24 h. Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR were performed to respectively detect protein and mRNA expression levels of ferroptosis-related molecules, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). The results showed that, compared with control group, DN group exhibited significantly lower blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and 24 h urinary albumin levels (all P<0.05). Compared with DN group, DN+THD200 group exhibited significantly lower blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and 24 h urinary albumin levels (all P<0.05). Histopathological examination revealed glomerular expansion, mesangial widening, and basement membrane thickening in DN group compared to control group, which were markedly ameliorated by THD treatment. In vitro, HG group showed significantly decreased protein and mRNA expression levels of GPX4, NRF2 and HO-1 compared to NG group. Both HG+THD100 and HG+THD200 groups exhibited upregulated expression levels of these proteins and corresponding mRNA compared to HG group (all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence demonstrated HG group had enhanced 4-HNE fluorescence intensity and reduced SLC7A11 fluorescence intensity, which were reversed by THD treatment. THD alleviates renal injury in DN mice and mitigates HG-induced ferroptosis in MPC5 cells, potentially via activation of NRF2-HO-1-GPX4 signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the morphologic changes and the extent of severity in end-stage heart disease; and to explore the correlation with their clinical features.Methods:Twelve cases of recipients who underwent pediatric cardiac allograft transplantation were collected from May 2022 to November 2023 at the Seventh Medical Center of People′s Liberation Army of China General Hospital. Gross pathologic examinations were performed and morphological changes were observed under a light microscope after HE, Masson′s trichrome, and reticulin staining. Semi-quantitative analysis of morphologic changes was performed. One case received DMD genetic testing, one received mtDNA variation testing for mitochondriopathy, and 1 received metagenomics next-generation sequencing. Clinical data and related literature were reviewed for comprehensive analysis.Results:There were 12 recipient hearts including 11 dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 1 fulminant myocarditis (FM). The median age of DCM was 12 years (range, 3 to 15 years). DCM showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte disarray, nuclear morphological changes, interstitial fibrosis and fatty infiltration. One DCM was confirmed as Becker muscular dystrophy by DMD genetic testing. No pathogenic mutations were found in 1 patient that received mtDNA variation testing. H. influenzae was detected in the case of FM. FM showed diffuse and full-thickness inflammatory cell infiltration by large numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells, scattered eosinophils, and few neutrophils.Conclusions:Cardiac transplantation is an excellent treatment for end-stage heart disease. The morphological features of DCM include cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, nuclear morphological changes, interstitial fibrosis and fatty infiltration. The severity of the lesion is influenced by multiple factors. FM predominantly presents diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells.