BackgroundRumination can play a certain degree role of psychological adjustment in cancer patients. Previous studies have focused on studying the level of rumination in a single type of cancer patient， but there is a lack of comprehensive investigation and influencing factor research on rumination levels in different types of cancer patients. ObjectiveTo explore the level of rumination and its influencing factors among middle-advanced cancer inpatients， so as to provide certain guidance for targeted psychological care in clinical practice. MethodsFrom January 2021 to December 2022， a systematic sampling technique was used to recruit 346 patients with TNM stage III or above tumors hospitalized in Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital， Chengdu Sixth People's Hospital and the First People's Hospital of Yibin. All individuals were assessed using Perceived Social Support Scale （PSSS） and the Chinese version of Event-Related Ruminant Inventory （C-ERRI）， and Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the influencing factors of rumination. ResultsIn terms of C-ERRI， patients scored （15.59±5.61） on intrusive rumination and （14.59±5.43） on deliberate rumination. Education levels of junior high school/high school/vocational training school （OR=0.817， P<0.01） and junior college and above （OR=0.579， P<0.05） were the protective factors of intrusive rumination， whereas annual personal incomes of <10 000 yuan （OR=4.918， P<0.01） or 10 000~50 000 yuan （OR=2.076， P<0.01） and low （OR=6.882， P<0.01） or middle （OR=3.114， P<0.01） level of social support were the risk factors of intrusive rumination. For deliberate rumination， education levels of junior high school/high school/vocational training school （OR=0.574， P<0.01） and junior college and above （OR=0.449， P<0.05） were the protective factors， and low （OR=1.391， P<0.01） or middle （OR=1.161， P<0.05） levels of social support were the risk factors. ConclusionThe level of intrusive rumination of inpatients with middle-advanced cancer is related to education level， economic status and social support， furthermore， the level of deliberate rumination is related to the educational level and social support. ［Funded by Medical Research Project of Chengdu Health Commission （ number， 2020119）］

Objective:To study the application of "experiential training on death education" in teaching nursing interns in the oncology department, and to explore a novel method of death education for nursing interns.Methods:From September 2019 to September 2023, a total of 120 nursing students who interned in the Department of Oncology, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital were assigned to the control group (53 students) and the study group (67 students) based on their enrollment time. The control group received traditional theoretical teaching and experience in caring for terminally ill patients, while the study group received experiential training on death education. The Chinese death attitude profile-revised (DAP-R), coping with death scale (CDS), course satisfaction, and learning outcomes were observed after 3-month internship. A data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0. The differences between two groups were compared using the independent samples t-test. The differences before and after education in the same group were compared using paired t-test. The comparison of categorical data between groups was performed using the chi-square test, while ranked data were compared using the rank-sum test. Results:There were no significant differences in the DAP-R scores between the two groups before education ( P>0.05). The scores of five dimensions of DAP-R were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group after education [fear of death: (22.11±5.38) points vs. (17.14±5.23) points, P<0.05; death evasion: (14.83±4.07) points vs. (12.31±4.15) points, P<0.05; neutral acceptance: (19.95±4.44) points vs. (22.31±5.14) points, P<0.05; approaching acceptance: (32.16±6.93) points vs. (35.23±7.33) points, P<0.05; avoiding acceptance: (16.47±5.86) points vs. (18.94±5.09) points, P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in the six factors of CDS between the two groups before education ( P>0.05). The CDS scores were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group after education ( P<0.05). The scores of three dimensions (novelty of course content, course satisfaction, and self-engagement) were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group after education ( P<0.05). The scores of improvement of empathy [(2.44±0.55) points vs. (3.16±0.50) points], attention to spiritual issues [(2.61±0.49) points vs. (3.11±0.52) points], improvement of communication skills [(3.10±0.51) points vs. (4.23±0.47) points], and correct values of life [(2.29±0.44) points vs. (3.37±0.55) points] were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group after education ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Experiential training on death education can increase the experience of students, improve their attitude towards death and ability to cope with death, and enhance their initiative and enthusiasm for learning.

Objective:To study the application of "experiential training on death education" in teaching nursing interns in the oncology department, and to explore a novel method of death education for nursing interns.Methods:From September 2019 to September 2023, a total of 120 nursing students who interned in the Department of Oncology, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital were assigned to the control group (53 students) and the study group (67 students) based on their enrollment time. The control group received traditional theoretical teaching and experience in caring for terminally ill patients, while the study group received experiential training on death education. The Chinese death attitude profile-revised (DAP-R), coping with death scale (CDS), course satisfaction, and learning outcomes were observed after 3-month internship. A data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0. The differences between two groups were compared using the independent samples t-test. The differences before and after education in the same group were compared using paired t-test. The comparison of categorical data between groups was performed using the chi-square test, while ranked data were compared using the rank-sum test. Results:There were no significant differences in the DAP-R scores between the two groups before education ( P>0.05). The scores of five dimensions of DAP-R were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group after education [fear of death: (22.11±5.38) points vs. (17.14±5.23) points, P<0.05; death evasion: (14.83±4.07) points vs. (12.31±4.15) points, P<0.05; neutral acceptance: (19.95±4.44) points vs. (22.31±5.14) points, P<0.05; approaching acceptance: (32.16±6.93) points vs. (35.23±7.33) points, P<0.05; avoiding acceptance: (16.47±5.86) points vs. (18.94±5.09) points, P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in the six factors of CDS between the two groups before education ( P>0.05). The CDS scores were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group after education ( P<0.05). The scores of three dimensions (novelty of course content, course satisfaction, and self-engagement) were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group after education ( P<0.05). The scores of improvement of empathy [(2.44±0.55) points vs. (3.16±0.50) points], attention to spiritual issues [(2.61±0.49) points vs. (3.11±0.52) points], improvement of communication skills [(3.10±0.51) points vs. (4.23±0.47) points], and correct values of life [(2.29±0.44) points vs. (3.37±0.55) points] were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group after education ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Experiential training on death education can increase the experience of students, improve their attitude towards death and ability to cope with death, and enhance their initiative and enthusiasm for learning.

Objective:To study anti-tumor effect of Dunhuang medical prescription Dabupi Decoction on gastric cancer-bearing mice and effect of Dabupi Decoction combined with oxaliplatin on inflammatory immunity of gastric cancer-bearing mice based on IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods:Mouse model of MFC gastric cancer subcutaneously bearing tumor was established and ran-domly divided into model group,oxaliplatin group,high,medium and low doses of Dabupi Decoction combined with oxaliplatin groups[21.58,10.79,5.40 g/(kg·d)],with 10 mice in each group,male and female cage rearing.Administration began after 8 days of inoculation and continued for 14 days;next day after the last administration,eyeball blood was taken,mice were killed,tumor tissues were taken and weighed,and tumor inhibition rate was calculated.ELISA was used to detect contents of IL-17 and IL-6 in mice serum,immunohistochemistry(IHC),RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect IL-17,IL-6,NF-κB and p-NF-κB mRNA and protein expressions in mice tumor tissues,respectively.Results:Tumor inhibition rates of oxaliplatin group,high,medium and low doses of Dabupi decoction combined with oxaliplatin groups were 33.02%,52.92%,46.33%and 39.52%,respectively,and tumor quality of each treatment group was significantly lower than that of model group(P<0.01).High,medium and low doses of Dabupi Decoction combined with oxaliplatin groups were higher than that of oxaliplatin group.Compared with model group,contents of IL-17 and IL-6 in serum and expressions of IL-17,IL-6,NF-κB p65 and pNF-κB p65 mRNA and protein in tumor tissues in each treatment group were significantly reduced(P<0.01,P<0.05).Compared with oxaliplatin group,levels of IL-17 and IL-6 in serum and expres-sions of IL-17,IL-6,NF-κB p65 and pNF-κB p65 mRNA and protein in tumor tissues in high and medium doses of Dabupi Decoction combined with oxaliplatin groups were significantly reduced(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion:Dunhuang medical prescription Dabupi Decoction has a certain anti-tumor effect on MFC gastric cancer-bearing mice,which can regulate inflammatory immunity and inhibit occurrence and development of gastric cancer by inhibiting IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of licoflavone A on the proliferation and glycolysis of gastric cancer cells in the hypoxic environment. MethodHuman gastric cancer AGS cells were classified into five groups： Normoxia， hypoxia， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （25， 50， 100 μmol·L^-1， respectively） licoflavone A. The cells in other groups except the normoxia group were cultured in the environment with 5% O₂ for 48 h. The cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） and colony formation assay were employed to examine the proliferation of AGS cells. Cell migration was detected by the scratch assay. The protein and mRNA levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha （HIF-1α）， glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1）， lactate dehydrogenase A （LDHA）， pyruvate kinase M2 （PKM2）， and hexokinase Ⅱ （HK2） in AGS cells were measured by Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， respectively. The corresponding kits were used to determine glucose uptake and HK activity. ResultThe CCK-8 results showed that compared with the hypoxia group， the high- and medium-dose licoflavone A groups showed decreased proliferation rate of AGS cells at the time point of 24 h （P<0.01） and all the licoflavone A groups demonstrated decreased proliferation rate at the time point of 48 h （P<0.01）. Compared with the normoxia group， the hypoxia group showed increased number of clone formation of AGS cells （P<0.01）， which was decreased after the treatment with licoflavone A at high， medium， and low doses （P<0.01）. Compared with the normoxia group， the hypoxia group showed increased migration of AGS cells （P<0.01）， which was attenuated by the high， medium， and low doses of licoflavone A （P<0.01）. Compared with the normoxia group， the hypoxia group showed up-regulated mRNA levels of GLUT1， LDHA， PKM2， and HK2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with those in the hypoxia group， the mRNA levels of GLUT1， LDHA， PKM2， and HK2 in the high-dose licoflavone A group， GLUT1， LDHA， and HK2 in the medium-dose licoflavone A group， and HK2 in the low-dose licoflavone A group were down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein levels of HIF-1α， GLUT1， LDHA， PKM2， and HK2 in the hypoxia group were higher than those in the normoxia group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with those in the hypoxia group， the protein levels of HIF-1α， GLUT1， LDHA， PKM2， and HK2 in the high-dose licoflavone A group and HK2 in the medium- and low-dose licoflavone A groups were down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The glucose uptake and HK activity were elevated in the hypoxia group compared with those in the normoxia group （P<0.01）. Compared with the hypoxia group， high-dose licoflavone A decreased the glucose uptake and HK activity， and medium-dose licoflavone A decreased the HK activity （P<0.01）. ConclusionLicoflavone A inhibits the proliferation of AGS cells under hypoxic conditions by regulating glycolysis in gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the intervention effect of Dabufei decoction on acute lung injury in rats with high altitude hypoxia by regulating the expression of the HIF-1α/NLRP3 signaling pathway and related molecules. METHODS Sixty SPF SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, positive drug group, Dabufei decoction high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose groups with 10 rats in each group. After 3 d of adaptation to feeding, the rats in the blank group and model group were given the same amount of normal saline by gavage, and the rats in Dabufei decoction high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose groups were given gavage for 14 d, respectively. The positive drug group was given dexamethasone by intraperitoneal injection for three consecutive days before entering the chamber. Except for the blank group, the rats in each group were exposed to hypoxia in the experimental animal low-pressure simulation chamber from the 15th day for three consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, the wet to dry ratio(W/D) of the rat lung tissue was detected. The morphology of lung tissue was observed by HE staining. ELISA detected the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of HIF-1α, NLRP3, GSDMD, and caspase-1 in the lung tissue of rats. RESULTS The W/D value showed that compared with the blank group, the W/D of the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the W/D of rats in the positive drug group, Dabufei decoction high-dose group, medium-dose, and low-dose groups was significantly decreased(P<0.01 or P<0.05). HE results showed that compared with the blank group, alveolar septum thickening, pulmonary interstitial congestion, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and a small amount of exudation in the alveolar cavity were seen in the lung tissue of the model group. Compared with the model group, the thickening of alveolar walls in the positive drug group, Dabufei decoction high-dose group, medium-dose, and low-dose groups were reduced, and the pulmonary interstitial congestion, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly reduced. ELISA results showed that IL-1β and IL-18 in rat serum were significantly higher in the model group than in the blank group(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the serum of the rats in the positive drug group, Dabufei decoction high-dose group, medium-dose, and low-dose groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, the results of Western blotting and RT-qPCR showed that compared with the blank group, the relative protein and mRNA expressions of HIF-1α, NLRP3, GSDMD, and caspase-1 in the lung tissue of the model group were significantly increased(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the relative protein and mRNA of HIF-1α, NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD in the positive drug group and Dabufei decoction high-dose group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01), the relative protein of HIF-1α, NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD in Dabufei decoction medium-dose group were significantly decreased and HIF-1α, caspase-1 mRNA were significantly decreased(P<0.05), the relative protein of HIF-1α and GSDMD in the low-dose group was decreased(P<0.05). The positive drug group and Dabufei decoction high-dose group had the more significant effect. CONCLUSION Dabufei decoction can regulate the HIF-1α/NLRP3 signaling pathway, inhibit pyroptosis and reduce inflammation, and has a certain protective effect on acute lung injury in rats with high altitude hypoxia.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Guiqi Baizhu prescription combined with oxaliplatin on the intestinal barrier of tumor-bearing mice with gastric cancer by regulating downstream aquaporin 3 （AQP3） and aquaporin 4 （AQP4） through the vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）/cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）/protein kinase A （PKA） signaling pathway. MethodThe gastric cancer cell lines MFC with a density of 1×10⁷/mL were prepared into cell suspension. The tumor-bearing mouse model of gastric cancer was established by inoculating 0.2 mL cell suspension under the right axilla of mice. After successful modeling， mice were randomly divided into 5 groups， namely， model group， oxaliplatin group （10 mg·kg^-1）， and high， medium， and low-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription groups （17.68， 8.84， 4.42 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group， and the remaining 10 mice were set as a blank group. Mice in each group were treated with Chinese medicine， oxaliplatin， or normal saline by gavage or intraperitoneal injection for 14 d. The next day after the last dose， blood was taken from the eyeball to separate serum and take colonic samples. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the changes in tissue morphology. The content of D-lactate acid （D-LA） and diamine oxidase （DAO） in the serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA and protein expressions of VIP， cAMP， PKA， AQP3， and AQP4 were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed edema in the colonic submucosa， disordered arrangement of intestinal glands in the mucosal layer， loss of goblet cells， infiltration of inflammatory cells， and villus shedding. However， there were different degrees of improvement in each administration group. As compared with the blank group， the serum levels of DAO and D-LA in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the levels of DAO and D-LA in the high-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription group and the level of D-LA in the medium-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription group were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the oxaliplatin group， the levels of D-LA in the high and medium-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription groups were decreased （P<0.05）， and the levels of DAO and D-LA in other administration groups were decreased as well， but the difference had no statistical significance. As compared with the blank group， the mRNA and protein expression levels of VIP， cAMP， PKA， AQP3， and AQP4 in the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the mRNA and protein expression levels of VIP， cAMP， PKA， AQP3， and AQP4 in each administration group were increased， and those in the high-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the protein expression level of cAMP in the medium-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription group were increased （P<0.05）. As compared with the oxaliplatin group， the protein expression levels of cAMP in the high-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription group were increased （P<0.05）， and the mRNA and protein expressions of these indexes in the other groups were also increased but the differences were not statistically significant. ConclusionGuiqi Baizhu prescription combined with oxaliplatin can regulate AQP3 and AQP4 through the VIP/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway to protect the intestinal barrier of tumor-bearing mice with gastric cancer.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Huangqi Baihe granules on the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α （HIF-1α）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）/NOD-like receptor hot protein domain related protein 3 （NLRP3） signaling pathway in a rat model of high altitude hypoxia. MethodSixty male SPF SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， dexamethasone group （5 mg·kg^-1）， and high， middle， and low-dose groups of Huangqi Baihe granules （4.1， 2.05， 1.025 g·kg^-1）. Among them， each Chinese medicine group was administrated orally for continuously 14 d， once a day， and the dexamethasone group was injected intraperitoneally for continuously 3 d as the positive control group. On the 15^th d， the model group， dexamethasone group， and high， middle， and low dose groups of Huangqi Baihe granules were exposed to the simulated high altitude， low pressure， and low oxygen environment in the animal low-pressure simulation cabin， and the exposure lasted for 3 d. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and serum was separated， and the brain tissue was taken after being killed. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in brain tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the content of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in rat serum. Western blot was used to detect HIF-1α， NLRP3， phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB （p-NF-κB）， NF-κB， desquamation D （GSDMD）， and cysteine aspartate-specitis protein-1（Caspase-1） in rats of each group. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultThe results of HE staining showed that as compared with the normal group， the pathological sections of brain tissues in the model group showed that pyramidal cells were loosely arranged and distributed in disorder， with different sizes. Compared with the model group， the pathological changes in pyramidal cells in the dexamethasone group and high and middle-dose groups of Huangqi Baihe granules were reduced. The results of ELISA showed that as compared with the normal group， the content of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in the serum of rats in the model group was significantly higher （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the content of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in the serum of rats in the dexamethasone group and high and middle-dose groups of Huangqi Baihe granules decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of Western blot showed that as compared with the normal group， the relative protein expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， p-NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of the model group were significantly higher （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the relative expressions of HIF-1α， NLRP3， p-NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of rats in the dexamethasone group and the high-dose group of Huangqi Baihe granules were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The relative protein expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， p-NF-κB p65， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of rats in the middle-dose group of Huangqi Baihe granules decreased significantly （P<0.01）， and the relative protein expression of HIF-1α in the brain tissue of rats in the low-dose group of Huangqi Baihe granules was reduced （P<0.05）. The Real-time PCR analysis showed that as compared with the normal group， the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of rats in the dexamethasone group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of rats in the high-dose group of Huangqi Baihe granules decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， and Caspase-1in the brain tissue of rats in the middle-dose group of Huangqi granules decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe protective effect of Huangqi Baihe granules on acute brain injury in low-pressure hypoxic rats may be related to the HIF-1α/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in cadmium (Cd)-induced myocardial injury. Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) and its mediated reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway have been demonstrated to be closely related to myocardial oxidative damage. Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharide (PAP) is a polysaccharide with antioxidant capacity, which exerts protective effect on Cd-induced damage. However, it remains unknown whether PAP can prevent and treat Cd-induced cardiomyocyte damages. The present study was desgined to explore the effect of PAP on Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells based on MG53 and the mediated RISK pathway. For in vitro evaluation, cell viability and apoptosis rate were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, oxidative stress was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining and using superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) kits. The mitochondrial function was measured by JC-10 staining and ATP detection assay. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of proteins related to MG53, the RISK pathway, and apoptosis. The results indicated that Cd increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H9c2 cells. Cd decreased the activities of SOD and CAT and the ratio of GSH/GSSG, resulting in decreases in cell viability and increases in apoptosis. Interestingly, PAP reversed Cd-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, Cd reduced the expression of MG53 in H9c2 cells and inhibited the RISK pathway, which was mediated by decreasing the ratio of p-Akt^Ser473/Akt, p-GSK3β^Ser9/GSK3β and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2. In addition, Cd impaired mitochondrial function, which involved a reduction in ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, cytoplasmic cytochrome c/mitochondrial cytochrome c, and Cleaved-Caspase 3/Pro-Caspase 3. Importantly, PAP alleviated Cd-induced MG53 reduction, activated the RISK pathway, and reduced mitochondrial damage. Interestingly, knockdown of MG53 or inhibition of the RISK pathway attenuated the protective effect of PAP in Cd-induced H9c2 cells. In sum, PAP reduces Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells, which is mediated by increasing MG53 expression and activating the RISK pathway.
Cadmium/metabolism* ; Caspase 3/metabolism* ; Potentilla/metabolism* ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/pharmacology* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Cytochromes c/metabolism* ; Glutathione Disulfide/pharmacology* ; Oxidative Stress ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Reperfusion Injury/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology* ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism*

Hypoxia is one of the factors restricting the survival of people at high altitudes, which can cause various symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, palpitations, shortness of breath and acute coma. About 80% of patients with acute mountain sickness have at least one symptom of a gastrointestinal distress (e. g., anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, etc.). The pathological characteristics, pathogenesis and drug treatment of intestinal injury caused by high-altitude hypoxia were studied, which is conducive to the diagnosis and treatment of plateau gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, by summarized relevant literature and systematically expounds the related researches on intestinal damage caused by high altitude hypoxia. We summarized the changes of intestinal morphology, intestinal cells, intestinal flora and other intestinal homeostasis caused by high altitude hypoxia, the mechanism of intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage, and the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, which provide reference and information for reference for scientific research workers and clinicians.