Medical ultrasound technology is widely used for diagnosis and therapy in clinical practice.Ultrasound probes,which are directly contact with patients,pose a potential risk of pathogen transmission.This expert consen-sus was developed by a multidisciplinary team based on international guidelines,standards in China,and the results of a national survey,aiming to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infection through standardizing reprocessing of medical ultrasound probes,and formulating consensus recommendations with the Delphi method.The consensus clarifies the reprocessing principles for three types of ultrasound probes of different infection risks:external-use ul-trasound probes,interventional percutaneous ultrasound probes,and internal-use ultrasound probes,puts forward systematic suggestions on the reprocessing standards and disinfection levels of ultrasound probe isolation covers and coupling agents,the reprocessing procedures and methods of ultrasound probes,as well as architectural layout and management of reprocessing,so as to provide a scientific prevention and control framework for ensuring ultrasound diagnosis and therapy safety.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome elements and the distribution patterns of TCM syndromes in senile osteoporosis(SOP),providing a reference for TCM treatment of SOP.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 SOP patients aged over 70 years treated at Wuxi Huishan Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023.General information and TCM diagnostic data were collected.The syndrome element differentiation scoring method was employed for analysis.Results(1)Among the 200 SOP patients,the most prevalent disease-location syndrome element was kidney(61.50％),followed by liver(48.50％),bones and tendons(45.50％),spleen(37.00％),meridians(25.50％),heart(12.50％),and lung(10.50％).Statistical analysis showed significantly higher syndrome element scores for kidney,liver,bones and tendons,spleen,and meridians compared to heart and lung(P＜0.01).(2)Regarding disease-nature syndrome elements,deficiency-type elements predominated,with yang deficiency(52.50％)being most common,followed by blood deficiency(46.00％),essence depletion(45.50％),qi deficiency(45.50％),yin deficiency(37.00％),unconsolidation(25.50％),and qi sinking(15.50％).Yang deficiency,blood deficiency,essence depletion,qi deficiency,and yin deficiency scores were significantly higher than those of insecurity and qi sinking,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.01).Among excess-type elements,cold(47.00％)was most prevalent,followed by blood stasis(45.00％),qi stagnation(43.50％),dampness(34.50％),phlegm(27.50％),and heat(25.00％).Cold and blood stasis scores were significantly higher than phlegm,while cold,blood stasis,qi stagnation,dampness,and phlegm scores were significantly higher than heat,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)Eighteen TCM syndrome patterns were identified.Spleen-kidney yang deficiency(40.00％)was most frequent,followed by liver blood deficiency(37.50％),kidney essence insufficiency(35.00％),qi stagnation and blood stasis(31.00％),cold congelation and obstruction(25.50％),phlegm-damp obstruction(27.50％),and qi-yin deficiency with qi insecurity(11.00％).Based on syndrome element scores,the primary syndromes were defiined as spleen-kidney yang deficiency(35.60％),liver blood deficiency(25.13％),kidney essence insufficiency(18.32％),and qi stagnation and blood stasis(13.09％),etc.Conclusion The characteristic TCM syndrome elements of SOP patients involve qi-blood-yin-yang deficiency of kidney,spleen,and liver,combined with cold congelation,blood stasis,and qi stagnation.The main TCM syndromes are spleen-kidney yang deficiency,liver blood deficiency,kidney essence insufficiency,and qi stagnation with blood stasis.

ObjectiveTo examine the public cognition， preferences， and values regarding organ allocation， thereby enhancing the public trust in China’s organ allocation system and providing a theoretical basis for human organ allocation in China. MethodsBy drawing on foreign questionnaires and finalizing the questionnaire after two rounds of expert discussion and evaluation， a nationwide online survey was conducted to investigate the Chinese public’s cognition， attitudes， and preferences towards organ allocation. ResultsNearly half of the respondents reported that they had only heard of （45.44%） or had never heard of （46.90%） the Organ Procurement Organizations （OPOs）. Most respondents expressed limited understanding of China’s organ allocation policy （68.42%） or specific procedures （67.89%）. Only 9.65% of respondents expressed strong support for the current organ allocation policy， while 75.76% indicated that national allocation policies would influence their willingness or decision to donate organs. The public showed stronger endorsement of the principles of “prioritizing the sickest，” “first-come， first-served，” and “prioritizing those with better prognosis” for organ allocation. There were statistically significant differences in the public cognition， attitudes， and preferences for organ allocation by gender， age， education level， and occupation （all P<0.05）. ConclusionThe Chinese public’s cognition regarding organ allocation is generally low， and their willingness to donate organs is not high. The public attitude towards organ allocation policy remains unclear and is still in a “wait-and-see” state； the public prefers an ethical distribution model that balances fairness and efficiency. Increasing the public understanding of organ allocation procedures and incorporating public opinion into national organ allocation guidelines could play a significant role in enhancing public willingness to donate organs.

Objective To propose a novel method based on three-dimensional depthwise separable convolution network(3D DSN)for the separation of PET images with dual tracers of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI.Methods A total of 120 pairs of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI PET images of the same patient scanned separately at different time points were collected,and the dual-tracer PET image was generated through simulation.After the image registration of PET images of two tracers for ensuring spatial position matching,the registered PET images were forward-projected to generate sinogram data,and the sinogram data of two tracers were accumulated to obtain mixed sinogram data.Subsequently,the dual-tracer PET image was reconstructed using maximum likelihood expectation maximization and input into a 3D DSN based network for image separation,thereby obtaining PET images of two single tracers.Results Compared with 3D CNN method,the proposed method increased the structure similarity index measure(SSIM)of the separated 18F-FDG images to the real 18F-FDG images by 0.87%,increased the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)by 11.8%,and reduced the normalized root mean square error(NRMSE)by 52%.The SSIM of the separated 18F-FAPI images to the real 18F-FAPI images increased by 1.1%,PSNR increased by 17.0%,and NRMSE decreased by 51%.Conclusion The proposed method can be effectively applied to simultaneous PET imaging with dual PET tracers,reducing the number of scans and costs in time and money,and providing clinical doctors more accurate and abundant diagnostic information.

Objective:To explore the correlation between water-soluble vitamin levels and clinical indicators and provide a theoretical basis for precise nutrition treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) .Methods:Clinical data of CKD patients who underwent water-soluble vitamin (B1, B2, B6, B9, B12, C) level tests at the First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2023 were collected and analyzed to investigate the relationship between water-soluble vitamin levels and clinical indicators.Results:The median values of B1 and B2 were 47.52 (range 41.65-135.36) and 184.52 (range 178.52-192.53), which were below the normal range. The results showed that age, serum creatinine, and fasting blood glucose in the low-level group for all vitamins were higher than those in the high-level group ( P<0.05). However, hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate were lower in the low-level group than those in the high-level group ( P<0.05). In the low-level group of B1, the percentage of neutrophils (NEUT%) was higher than that in the high-level group ( P<0.05). In CKD stage 5, the levels of all vitamins were lower than those of CKD stage 1 ( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of all vitamins were negatively correlated with CKD stage, with correlation coefficients of -0.329, -0.357, -0.345, -0.373, -0.386 and-0.351, respectively ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Metabolic abnormalities of watersoluble vitamins are common in CKD, which are closely related to the progression of CKD, inflammation and anemia. Timely evaluation and intervention may be beneficial to prevent the progression of CKD and provide a new treatment strategy for precise nutrition intervention in CKD.

Objective:To explore the correlation between water-soluble vitamin levels and clinical indicators and provide a theoretical basis for precise nutrition treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) .Methods:Clinical data of CKD patients who underwent water-soluble vitamin (B1, B2, B6, B9, B12, C) level tests at the First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2023 were collected and analyzed to investigate the relationship between water-soluble vitamin levels and clinical indicators.Results:The median values of B1 and B2 were 47.52 (range 41.65-135.36) and 184.52 (range 178.52-192.53), which were below the normal range. The results showed that age, serum creatinine, and fasting blood glucose in the low-level group for all vitamins were higher than those in the high-level group ( P<0.05). However, hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate were lower in the low-level group than those in the high-level group ( P<0.05). In the low-level group of B1, the percentage of neutrophils (NEUT%) was higher than that in the high-level group ( P<0.05). In CKD stage 5, the levels of all vitamins were lower than those of CKD stage 1 ( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of all vitamins were negatively correlated with CKD stage, with correlation coefficients of -0.329, -0.357, -0.345, -0.373, -0.386 and-0.351, respectively ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Metabolic abnormalities of watersoluble vitamins are common in CKD, which are closely related to the progression of CKD, inflammation and anemia. Timely evaluation and intervention may be beneficial to prevent the progression of CKD and provide a new treatment strategy for precise nutrition intervention in CKD.

Medical ultrasound technology is widely used for diagnosis and therapy in clinical practice.Ultrasound probes,which are directly contact with patients,pose a potential risk of pathogen transmission.This expert consen-sus was developed by a multidisciplinary team based on international guidelines,standards in China,and the results of a national survey,aiming to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infection through standardizing reprocessing of medical ultrasound probes,and formulating consensus recommendations with the Delphi method.The consensus clarifies the reprocessing principles for three types of ultrasound probes of different infection risks:external-use ul-trasound probes,interventional percutaneous ultrasound probes,and internal-use ultrasound probes,puts forward systematic suggestions on the reprocessing standards and disinfection levels of ultrasound probe isolation covers and coupling agents,the reprocessing procedures and methods of ultrasound probes,as well as architectural layout and management of reprocessing,so as to provide a scientific prevention and control framework for ensuring ultrasound diagnosis and therapy safety.

Objective To propose a novel method based on three-dimensional depthwise separable convolution network(3D DSN)for the separation of PET images with dual tracers of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI.Methods A total of 120 pairs of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI PET images of the same patient scanned separately at different time points were collected,and the dual-tracer PET image was generated through simulation.After the image registration of PET images of two tracers for ensuring spatial position matching,the registered PET images were forward-projected to generate sinogram data,and the sinogram data of two tracers were accumulated to obtain mixed sinogram data.Subsequently,the dual-tracer PET image was reconstructed using maximum likelihood expectation maximization and input into a 3D DSN based network for image separation,thereby obtaining PET images of two single tracers.Results Compared with 3D CNN method,the proposed method increased the structure similarity index measure(SSIM)of the separated 18F-FDG images to the real 18F-FDG images by 0.87%,increased the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)by 11.8%,and reduced the normalized root mean square error(NRMSE)by 52%.The SSIM of the separated 18F-FAPI images to the real 18F-FAPI images increased by 1.1%,PSNR increased by 17.0%,and NRMSE decreased by 51%.Conclusion The proposed method can be effectively applied to simultaneous PET imaging with dual PET tracers,reducing the number of scans and costs in time and money,and providing clinical doctors more accurate and abundant diagnostic information.

Background The mental health status of prison officers is crucial to the efficiency, security, and stability of a prison, and it is essential to pay attention to the factors that influence their mental health. Objective To understand the mental health status of prison officers, and analyze how nature exposure affects their mental health problems and a potential mediating role of mental fatigue. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out from May to June 2022 among 1392 prison officers from eight prisons in a province, and a total of 1284 valid questionnaires were recovered. The Nature Exposure Scale, Mental Fatigue Scale, and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale were used to assess nature exposure, mental fatigue, and mental health indicators among prison officers, and to explore the effect of nature exposure on mental health problems and a potential mediating role of mental fatigue. Results The recruited prison officers showed high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 59.11% (759/1284), 60.67% (779/1284),and 43.93% (564/1284), respectively. The results of correlation analysis revealed that nature exposure was negatively related with mental fatigue and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress) (r_s=−0.242, −0.308, −0.235, −0.254, P<0.01), while mental fatigue was positively correlated with mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress) (r_s=0.546, 0.533, 0.536, P<0.01). The PROCESS macro results showed that the level of nature exposure among prison officers negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress (β=−0.180, −0.104, −0.123), and mental fatigue played a mediating role, with indirect effects of −0.200, −0.192, and −0.199, respectively. Conclusion The levels of depression, anxiety, and stress of prison officers are higher than those of other occupations. Nature exposure negatively associates with depression, anxiety, and stress, that is, it may directly alleviate the mental health problems of prison officers; and it may also alleviate mental health problems by relieving mental fatigue.

Objective The prediction of RR intervals in hypertensive patients can help clinicians to analyze and warn patients'heart condition.Methods Using 8 patients'data as samples,the RR intervals of patients were predicted by long short-term memory network(LSTM)and gradient lift tree(XGBoost),and the prediction results of the two models were combined by the inverse variance method to overcome the disadvantage of single model prediction.Results Compared with the single model,the proposed combined model had a different degree of improvement in the prediction of RR intervals in 8 patients.Conclusion LSTM-XGBoost model provides a method for predicting RR intervals in hypertensive patients,which has potential clinical feasibility.