Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective: To explore the correlation between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO) and cognitive impairment in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis(PD). Methods: 60 PD patients and 46 non-dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD) were included in this study. SIBO was detected by lactulose hydrogen methane breath test(LHMBT). The cognitive function levels of the subjects were evaluated using the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) and mini-mental state examination(MMSE). The emotional states of the patients were assessed by self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS). The gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated using gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS). According to the results of LHMBT, the PD patients were further divided into two subgroups: SIBO-positive and SIBO-negative. The general conditions, laboratory data, and scores of each scale were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, according to the MoCA scores, the PD patients were divided into two groups: those with normal cognitive function and those with cognitive dysfunction. The positive rates of SIBO between the two groups were compared. Binary Logistic stepwise regression was used to explore whether SIBO was an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment in PD patients. At the same time, other independent influencing factors for cognitive impairment in PD patients were analyzed. Results: The positive rate of SIBO in PD patients was 40.00%. Among them, the positive rate of SIBO in the group with normal cognitive function during peritoneal dialysis was 27.27%, and the positive rate of SIBO in the group with cognitive dysfunction during peritoneal dialysis was 55.56%. There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of SIBO between the two groups(P=0.026). Further analysis by multivariate Logistic stepwise regression showed that in addition to age(OR=1.118, 95%CI 1.007-1.242, P=0.037), educational attainment(OR=0.655,95%CI 0.442-0.972,P=0.036), and hemoglobin(OR=0.946,95% CI 0.895-0.998,P=0.044), SIBO(OR=7.613,95% CI 1.160-49.979,P=0.034)was also an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment in PD patients. Conclusion The incidence of SIBO in PD patients is relatively high and is associated with multiple factors, among which SIBO may be closely related to cognitive dysfunction in PD patients.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Polyorchidism is a rare congenital malformation of the urogenital system, in which a man has three or more testes, and the excess testes are usually located in the scrotum. A case of polyorchidism was reported in this paper. The patient presented with a scrotal mass, and ultrasonography showed an echogenic mass resembling testicular tissue in the right scrotum. A palpable mass in the right lower pole of the testis was found during the operation and completely removed. Pathological examination showed that the nodule parenchyma was seminiferous tubules under the microscope, and the nodule was covered with a white structure, which was considered as polytorchidism. Six months after the operation, the bilateral testis and epididymis were normal.

Objective:To construct a Discharge Preparation Service Demand Assessment Scale for Psychiatric Patients with Depression.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 25 experts from fields such as psychiatric nursing, psychiatric management, and rehabilitation treatment as the subject of the consultation. On the basis of literature review and clinical experience, the research group used the Delphi method to conduct two rounds of consultation with 25 experts, forming a Discharge Preparation Service Demand Assessment Scale for Psychiatric Patients with Depression. The enthusiasm of experts was evaluated using the effective response rate of the questionnaires. The authority level of experts was assessed using an authority coefficient. The concentration of expert opinions was evaluated using the mean of item importance assignment and coefficient of variation. The degree of coordination of expert opinions was represented by the Kendall coordination coefficient.Results:The effective response rates of the two rounds of consultation questionnaires were all 100%, with expert authority coefficients of 0.890 and 0.904, and the Kendall coordination coefficients of expert opinions of 0.247 and 0.203 ( P<0.05) . The Discharge Preparation Service Demand Assessment Scale for Psychiatric Patients with Depression was constructed, which included 10 dimensions and 38 items. Conclusions:The Discharge Preparation Service Demand Assessment Scale for Psychiatric Patients with Depression is scientific and reliable, which can provide a basis for clinical nurses to evaluate the discharge preparation service demands of psychiatric patients with depression.

Objective:To investigate the value of aspirin challenge tests in the diagnosis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD).Methods:Fifty patients (22 males and 28 females; aged 16-61 years) who were diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) with/without asthma, and underwent NERD standardized diagnosis in the Allergy Centre of West China Hospital, Sichuan University from December 2021 to November 2022 were included in the study. The first step was asking about the history of exacerbation respiratory symptoms after intake of any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, including aspirin; the second step was performing intranasal aspirin challenge (IAC); and the third step was performing oral aspirin challenge (OAC). The diagnosis of NERD was made if any of the above steps was positive, and the subsequent steps were not performed, otherwise the diagnosis was made to OAC. If OAC was negative, the diagnosis was non-NERD. All patients completed the sino-nasal outcome test 22 (SNOT 22) score, Lund-Kennedy score by nasal endoscopic, allergen skin prick test, blood routine and serum total IgE test. SPSS version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:The diagnosis of NRED was confirmed in 27 patients (27/50, 54%). Seven (7/50, 14%) of them were diagnosed by clinical history and 20 (20/50, 40%) were diagnosed by aspirin challenge tests, of which 17 (17/20, 85%) were positive to IAC and 3 (3/20, 15%) to OAC. Of the 43 patients who underwent IAC testing, only 2 (2/43, 5%) developed asthma attacks during challenge. Comparing the clinical characteristics of patients in NERD and non-NERD group, there were significant differences between the two groups in gender ( P=0.001), hyposmia ( P=0.003), history of repeated CRSwNP surgeries ( P=0.028), comorbid asthma ( P=0.013), SNOT-22 score ( P=0.004) and the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophil ( P=0.043). Conclusions:Patients may be underdiagnosed if the diagnosis of NERD is made only by medical history, and it is necessary to carry out aspirin challenge tests. IAC is an important means to diagnose NERD with high accuracy and good safety. However, If IAC is negative, further OAC is required.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanism of atractylodin on inflammatory injury of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone loss in periodontitis rats. METHODS A total of 144 SD rats were divided into control group （intragastric and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline）， model group （intragastric and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline）， atractylodin low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （intraperitoneal injection of 6.665， 13.33， and 26.66 mg/kg atractylodin）， metronidazole group （positive control group， intragastric injection of 0.05 g/kg metronidazole， intraperitoneal injection of normal saline）， AMD3100 [stromal cell-derived factor-1 （SDF-1）/CXC chemokine receptor-4 （CXCR4） pathway inhibitor] group （intragastric injection of 1 mg/kg AMD3100， intraperitoneal injection of normal saline）， atractylodin high-dose+AMD 3100 group （intraperitoneal injection of 26.66 mg/kg atractylodin， intragastric injection of 1 mg/kg AMD3100）， with 18 rats in each group. Except for the control group， all other groups of rats were inoculated with Porphyromonas gingivalis to construct a periodontitis model. After successful modeling， they were given relevant medicine or normal saline， once a day， for 4 consecutive weeks. The gingival index of rats was detected； the levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） in rat serum were also determined； alveolar bone resorption， periodontal histopathologic changes and the number of osteoclasts were detected by methylene blue staining， HE staining and TRAP staining， respectively. The expressions of osteoprotegerin （OPG）， receptor activator of NF-κB ligand （RANKL）， SDF-1 and CXCR4 proteins were determined. RESULTS Compared with the control group， serious pathological injury of periodontal tissue was found in the model group， the gingival index， the levels of IL-6 and TNF- α， alveolar bone absorption value， the number of osteoclasts， and the expression of RANKL protein were all increased significantly （P＜0.05）， while the expressions of OPG， SDF-1 and CXCR4 proteins were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， pathological injury of periodontal tissue in rats was reduced； the gingival index， the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α， alveolar bone resorption value， osteoclast number and RANKL protein expression were decreased significantly， while protein expressions of OPG， SDF-1 and CXCR4 were increased significantly in atractylodin low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups and metronidazole group （P＜0.05）. The change trend of corresponding indexes in the AMD3100 group was opposite to the above （P＜0.05）. AMD3100 attenuated the inhibitory effect of high-dose atractylodin on inflammatory response and alveolar bone loss in rats with periodontitis （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Atractylodin may improve the inflammatory response and alveolar bone loss in periodontitis rats by activating the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway.

COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. After the infection of the virus, the host immune system is stimulated to produce multifarious specific antibodies to decrease or eliminate effects of the pathogen. Study of the specific antibodies dynamic characteristics in patients with COVID-19 is very important for the understanding and diagnosis of the disease, research and development of vaccine, and planning of prevention and control strategy. This paper reviews and summarizes the domestic and oversea research on dynamic characteristics of specific antibodies of COVID-19 patients, including the antibody producing, duration and level, and its possible influencing factors in order to improve the understanding of the immunological characteristics of COVID-19.

Objective:To compare the accuracy of influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance by automatic computer analysis based on electronic medical records and by doctor’s report.Methods:A total of 3 542 patients who presented to Yichang Central Hospital fever clinic, respiratory department or emergency department between April to October 2019 with an ICD-10 code for acute respiratory illness (J00-J22) and complete electronic medical information of ILI related syndromes were drawn as the study sample. Taking the classification of the study sample according to the ILI case definition by influenza surveillance professionals as the gold standard, draw the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculate sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic consistency to compared the accuracy of ILI surveillance by automatic computer analysis and by doctor's report.Results:Median age of 3 542 cases was 30 (24, 38) years old; 1 179 cases (33.29%) compliance with the case definition, ILI reported by doctors was 1 306 cases (36.87%), and computer automatic identification ILI were 1 150 cases (32.47%); 1 391 (39.27%) cases were men. The results of automatic computer analysis and doctor report consistency of kappa values with gold standard judgment were 0.97 and 0.66 respectively; area under the ROC curve was 0.98 and 0.84, respectively. And the sensitivity and specificity of automatic computer analysis were higher than that of doctor's report (all P values were <0.001), the sensitivity was 96.95% and 82.27%, and the specificity was 99.70% and 85.78%, respectively. Conclusion:The automatic computer analysis based on electronic medical records can identified ILI cases with good sensitivity and specificity in ILI case surveillance.

Objective:To compare the accuracy of influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance by automatic computer analysis based on electronic medical records and by doctor’s report.Methods:A total of 3 542 patients who presented to Yichang Central Hospital fever clinic, respiratory department or emergency department between April to October 2019 with an ICD-10 code for acute respiratory illness (J00-J22) and complete electronic medical information of ILI related syndromes were drawn as the study sample. Taking the classification of the study sample according to the ILI case definition by influenza surveillance professionals as the gold standard, draw the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculate sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic consistency to compared the accuracy of ILI surveillance by automatic computer analysis and by doctor's report.Results:Median age of 3 542 cases was 30 (24, 38) years old; 1 179 cases (33.29%) compliance with the case definition, ILI reported by doctors was 1 306 cases (36.87%), and computer automatic identification ILI were 1 150 cases (32.47%); 1 391 (39.27%) cases were men. The results of automatic computer analysis and doctor report consistency of kappa values with gold standard judgment were 0.97 and 0.66 respectively; area under the ROC curve was 0.98 and 0.84, respectively. And the sensitivity and specificity of automatic computer analysis were higher than that of doctor's report (all P values were <0.001), the sensitivity was 96.95% and 82.27%, and the specificity was 99.70% and 85.78%, respectively. Conclusion:The automatic computer analysis based on electronic medical records can identified ILI cases with good sensitivity and specificity in ILI case surveillance.