Objective:Pediatric chronic sinusitis （CRS） is a common disease within the field of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Due to the immaturity of sinus development and immune competence in children, its etiology and pathophysiology are complex, and its clinical features and outcomes differ significantly from those in adult patients. Currently, there are issues in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CRS, particularly in areas such as antibiotic use and surgical interventions, owing to a lack of sufficient attention. In recognition of this, the Chinese Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group developed this expert consensus based on a systematic review of the latest literatures from both domestic and international sources, with reference to the latest evidence-based medical evidence worldwide, and in combination with their own clinical experience. The consensus covers various aspects including epidemiology, predisposing factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, as well as treatment strategies such as medical therapy and surgical intervention. It aims to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CRS, improve clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction, reduce clinical expenditures, and decrease the occurrence of adverse reactions.
Humans ; Sinusitis/therapy* ; Chronic Disease ; Child ; Consensus ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use*

Objective:To investigate regional distribution and clinicopathological features of Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC).Methods:Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER)was detected in 4 081 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences by using in situ hybridization. EBVaGCs were identified and their proportions in different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities were compared. The correlation between EBVaGC and clinicopathological features was also analyzed.Results:A total of 3.0% (123/4 081) patients with gastric adenocarcinoma are EBVaGCs. Among the areas with cases more than 90, the highest proportion of EBVaGC was found in Jilin province, accounting for 7.6%, and then followed by 5.4% in Liaoning province, 4.1% in Anhui province, 3.9% in Beijing, 3.7% in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 3.4% in Shanxi province, 3.0% in Heilongjiang province, 2.1% in Shandong province, 1.6% in Hebei province, and no EBVaGC was found in Henan province. EBVaGC proportions are significantly different in these provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis of logistic regression revealed that gender ( OR=2.231, 95% CI: 1.290~3.858), WHO classification ( OR=2.338, 95% CI: 2.051~2.664) and N stage ( OR=0.420, 95% CI: 0.284~0.621) were independent impact factors for EBVaGC. The proportion of EBVaGC was higher in males, gastric carcinomas accompanied with lymphoid stroma and patients without lymph node metastasis. Conclusions:The proportion of EBVaGC in gastric adenocarcinoma displays area distribution disparity in China. The gender, WHO classification and N stage are closely associated with EBVaGC.

Objective:To investigate regional distribution and clinicopathological features of Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC).Methods:Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER)was detected in 4 081 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences by using in situ hybridization. EBVaGCs were identified and their proportions in different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities were compared. The correlation between EBVaGC and clinicopathological features was also analyzed.Results:A total of 3.0% (123/4 081) patients with gastric adenocarcinoma are EBVaGCs. Among the areas with cases more than 90, the highest proportion of EBVaGC was found in Jilin province, accounting for 7.6%, and then followed by 5.4% in Liaoning province, 4.1% in Anhui province, 3.9% in Beijing, 3.7% in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 3.4% in Shanxi province, 3.0% in Heilongjiang province, 2.1% in Shandong province, 1.6% in Hebei province, and no EBVaGC was found in Henan province. EBVaGC proportions are significantly different in these provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis of logistic regression revealed that gender ( OR=2.231, 95% CI: 1.290~3.858), WHO classification ( OR=2.338, 95% CI: 2.051~2.664) and N stage ( OR=0.420, 95% CI: 0.284~0.621) were independent impact factors for EBVaGC. The proportion of EBVaGC was higher in males, gastric carcinomas accompanied with lymphoid stroma and patients without lymph node metastasis. Conclusions:The proportion of EBVaGC in gastric adenocarcinoma displays area distribution disparity in China. The gender, WHO classification and N stage are closely associated with EBVaGC.

Objective To explore the method and management of pre-hospital care and raise the level of traffic injuries in pre-hospital care by summarizing the clinical features of death patients with severe tragic accident trauma Methods The basic data of 62 death patients with severe traffic accident trauma was analyzed according to death report statistics of severe traffic accident trauma from January 1st,2005 to December 31th,2008 Results Brain injury death accounted for most of traffic accident trauma death.The mortality rate of brain injury in the wounded wag 8.28%(13/157),but of asphyxia and hemorrhagic shock was 2.55%(4/157),3.18%(5/157)respectively in 2005.With the development of treatment and rescued in time, the mortality rate reduced to 6.11%(11/180),0,0.56%(1/180)in 2008.Conclesions It should be trying to shorten the time of pre-hospital care for pafients with trsffic accident trauma,especially in patients combined with hemorrhagic shock,asphyxia,severe brain injury.It is concluded that rapid and effective pre-hospital care can significantly reduce death rate and self-help or each other rescue training would also be effective to reduce mortality.

Objective For decreasing the infected rate,the prevention and cure methods of intracranial infections following posterior fossa craniotomy were study. Methods Twenty-eight patients with the intracranial infections following posterior fossa craniotomy were examined by lumbar puncture,and analyzed cerebrospinal fluid with routine examination and reference to the bacteriological data and drug sensitive tests. All the patients were treated with high dosage sensitive antibiotics, and draining continually the infected cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture catheterization and injected small dosages of antibiotics into intraspinal for most cases. Results Twenty-eight patients had intracranial hypertension by lumbar puncture examination, outcome of cerebrospinal fluid culture indicated that 17 cases had bacteria growth and 11 cases had no bacteria. The intracranial infection was controlled effectively,and 96.4%(27 cases) were cured, 1 case dead of systemic failure. Conclusions Strict aseptic techniques,reduce operative time,decrease intracranial place of foreign matters, such as gelfoam, hemostatic gauze and artificial implants, could reduce the possibilities of intracranial infections. Appropriate antibiotics selection,lumbar puncture catheterization and intraspinal administration of antibiotics can cure intracranial infections effectively.