AIM: To analyze the changes in binocular visual function before and after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)in patients with different degrees of myopia.METHODS:A prospective non-randomized controlled study was conducted. A total of 94 patients(188 eyes)who visited the refractive outpatient department of the ophthalmology department of the General Hospital of the PLA from June 2022 to June 2023 and voluntarily chose SMILE were consecutively included. They were grouped according to the degree of myopia, including 24 cases(48 eyes)in the low myopia group(-3.00 D

OBJECTIVES: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) imposes a heavy burden on individuals, families, and society. This study analyzed the incidence and mortality trends of RA in China from 1990 to 2023 to provide epidemiological evidence for precise prevention and control. METHODS: Data on RA incidence, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), deaths, and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) in China by sex and age group from 1900 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze trends in ASIR and ASMR. An age-period-cohort model was constructed using R4.3.1 to evaluate longitudinal age trends and estimate relative risk (RR) values for period and cohort effects. RESULTS: In 2021, the number of RA cases, ASIR, deaths, and ASMR in China were 247 300, 13.70 per 100 000, 10 300, and 0.54 per 100 000, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the ASIR of RA increased annually among both females and males, with average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) of 0.44% and 0.72%, respectively. Over the same period, ASMR declined in the total population and among females, with AAPCs of -0.78% and -1.19%, while the change in males was not statistically significant. Age-period-cohort analysis showed that the peak incidence occurred in women aged 60-64 years and men aged 75-79 years, and mortality increased with age. The period effect for incidence rose in both sexes, reaching 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94 to 1.27] for females and 1.14 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.27) for males during 2017 to 2021, compared with 2002 to 2006. The mortality period effect RR exhibited a downward-upward-downward pattern, decreasing to 0.56 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.61) in females and 0.75 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.82) in males in 2017 to 2021. Cohort analysis indicated that the highest incidence risk occurred in individuals born during 2012 to 2016, while the cohort effect RR for female RA mortality showed a continuous decline beginning with the 1922 to 1926 birth cohort. CONCLUSIONS The incidence and mortality risks of RA in China have continued to decline. However, with the aging of the population, the incidence and mortality risks among the elderly have increased. Middle-aged women and elderly men should receive focused attention. Health authorities should strengthen education, prevention, and screening among middle-aged women and enhance disease monitoring in elderly populations to reduce the national burden of RA.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Mortality/trends* ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Aged, 80 and over ; Adolescent

Objective To explore the application effect of pressure moxibustion at Baihui and Guanyuan acupoints combined with butylphthalide in treating stroke patients in recovery phase.Methods A total of 108 stroke patients in recovery phase were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 54 cases in each group.The control group was treated with bu-tylphthalide on the basis of conventional treatment,while the observation group was treated with pres-sure moxibustion at Baihui and Guanyuan acupoints combined with butylphthalide for 8 consecutive weeks.After the end of the treatment course,the efficacy was evaluated in both groups,and the func-tional status[the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),the Montreal Cognitive Assess-ment(MoCA),the Barthel Index(BI)],event-related potential P300,the levels of hemodynamic indicators[resistance index(RI),pulsatility index(PI),mean velocity(Vm)],cognitive function markers[lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),humanβ-amyloid 1-42(Aβ-42)]and safety were compared between the two groups before and after treat-ment.Results The total effective rate in the observation group was 96.30％,which was significantly higher than 85.19％in the control group(P＜0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,the MoCA and BI scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the NIHSS score was significantly lower(P＜0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,the latency in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,while the amplitude and the differences in latency and amplitude before and after treatment were significantly higher(P＜0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,Vm in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the con-trol group,while PI and RI were significantly lower(P＜0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,the levels of Lp-PLA2,ALP and Aβ-42 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).No serious adverse reactions occurred in patients in each group.Conclusion Pressure moxibustion at Baihui and Guanyuan acupoints combined with butylphthalide can improve cerebral blood flow and promote the recovery of cognitive and neurological functions in stroke patients in recovery phase.The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of Lp-PLA2,ALP and Aβ-42 expression.

Objective To observe the effect of numerical simulation technique for predicting effect of self-expanding prosthetic valve(SEV)stents for treating type 0 bicuspid aortic valve(BAV)stenosis with different implantation strategies.Methods Based on CT angiography data from a patient with type 0 BAV stenosis and asymmetric calcification,three-dimensional models of aortic root wall,aortic valve calcification,native valve and SEV were reconstructed.ABAQUS/Explicit dynamic analysis module was used to observe the interaction between SEV stents and aortic root including root stress and stent deformation under different implantation strategies(implantation depths of high,medium or low,and implantation centers of central or eccentric position).Results When SEV was implanted centrally at low depth and central position,the Von Mises stress on aortic root wall was the highest,with mean and peak value of 2.28 and 45.30 kPa,respectively.When SEV was implanted at medium depth and central position,the average eccentricity of stent across all planes was the highest(0.254),while when implanted at high depth and eccentric position,the average ellipticity in planes S1-S3 was the minimal(0.124).Conclusion Different SEV implantation strategies resulted in varying interactions between stent and aortic root.Numerical simulation technique could be used to determine the implantation center and depth based on the size and location of type 0 BAV calcification,which was helpful to reducing rupture risk of aortic annulus,increasing durability and improving prognosis of SEV stent.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of Yuxiao Prescription in the treatment of patients with stage III-IV diabetic kidney disease(DKD)characterized by qi and yin deficiency and phlegm-stasis obstruction in the real world.Methods A total of 112 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ DKD with qi-yin deficiency and phlegm-stasis obstruction who visited the outpatient department of Beijing Changping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2022 to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects.They were divided into the control group and the Chinese materia medica group based on whether they were treated with Yuxiao Prescription through prospective cohort research methods.Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to balance the confounding factors between the groups.The control group received standardized Western medicine treatment,while the Chinese materia medica group was treated with Yuxiao Prescription in addition to the treatment of the control group,one dosage per day,twice a day,orally.The treatment for both groups lasted for three months.The clinical efficacy of two groups was observed,and their urinary protein,renal function,blood glucose,blood lipids,body mass index(BMI)and TCM syndrome scores before and after treatment were compared.Adverse reactions of both groups were monitored.Results After PSM,a total of 84 balanced samples were obtained between the two groups,with 42 samples in each group.The total effective rate of Chinese materia medica group was 90.48%(38/42),while the control group was 73.81%(31/42),with statistical significance(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio,urinary microalbumin,and 24-hour urinary protein quantitative levels decreased in both groups after treatment(P<0.05).Chinese materia medica group showed a decrease in blood creatinine and a significant increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate after treatment(P<0.05);after treatment,the improvement of the above indicators in the Chinese materia medica group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,both groups showed a decrease in fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels after treatment(P<0.05).The BMI of Chinese materia medica group significantly decreased after treatment(P<0.05);after treatment,the HbA1c level and BMI in the Chinese materia medica group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the TCM syndrome scores in both groups decreased after treatment(P<0.05);after treatment,the TCM syndrome score in the Chinese materia medica group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The adverse reaction rate of the Chinese materia medica group was 4.76%(2/42),while that of the control group was 7.14%(3/42),without statistical significance between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The combination of Yuxiao Prescription and conventional therapy can effectively reduce proteinuria,improve renal function,and help improve glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ DKD characterized by qi and yin deficiency and phlegm-stasis obstruction,thereby delaying the progression of the disease.

Objective To study the effect and molecular mechanism of vitamin D(VitD)on Tfh cells of MRL/lpr lupus mice.Methods C57/B6 mice and MRL/lpr lupus mice were transfected with siRNA to construct VDR knockout mouse models.Splenic Tfh cells of C57/B6 mice and MRL/lpr lupus mice were divided into control group,lupus group and VDRsiRNA lupus group(treated with vitamin D 0,1 and 10 nmol·L-1,respectively)by siRNA transfection.The percentage of Tfh cells was detected by flow cytometry.MRL/lpr lupus mice Peyer node Tfh cells were randomly divided into 7 groups,blank control group,vitamin D dose groups of 1 and 10 nmol·L-1,paricalcitol group(VitD 10 nmol·L-1+PA),VDRsiRNA control group,VDRsiRNA group(VitD 10 nmol·L-1),CaN inhibitor group(VitD 10 nmol·L-1+CsA),and incubated for 72 h.The concentration of calcium ions in Tfh of each group was detected.The expressions of AT1R,NFAT,CaN and P-CaN in Tfh cells were determined by Western blotting.Results The percentage of Tfh cells decreased significantly with the increase of vitamin D dose.Vitamin D CaN reduce the intracellular calcium concentration of Tfh,up-regulate the expression of AT1 protein in Tfh cells,and down-regulate the expression of CAN,P-CaN and NFAT protein in a dose-dependent manner,and the effect is more obvious when combined with PA.Conclusion Vitamin D may regulate the activation of follicular T helper cells in MRL/lpr mice via the Ca-CaN-NFAT pathway.

Objective To study the effect and molecular mechanism of vitamin D(VitD)on Tfh cells of MRL/lpr lupus mice.Methods C57/B6 mice and MRL/lpr lupus mice were transfected with siRNA to construct VDR knockout mouse models.Splenic Tfh cells of C57/B6 mice and MRL/lpr lupus mice were divided into control group,lupus group and VDRsiRNA lupus group(treated with vitamin D 0,1 and 10 nmol·L-1,respectively)by siRNA transfection.The percentage of Tfh cells was detected by flow cytometry.MRL/lpr lupus mice Peyer node Tfh cells were randomly divided into 7 groups,blank control group,vitamin D dose groups of 1 and 10 nmol·L-1,paricalcitol group(VitD 10 nmol·L-1+PA),VDRsiRNA control group,VDRsiRNA group(VitD 10 nmol·L-1),CaN inhibitor group(VitD 10 nmol·L-1+CsA),and incubated for 72 h.The concentration of calcium ions in Tfh of each group was detected.The expressions of AT1R,NFAT,CaN and P-CaN in Tfh cells were determined by Western blotting.Results The percentage of Tfh cells decreased significantly with the increase of vitamin D dose.Vitamin D CaN reduce the intracellular calcium concentration of Tfh,up-regulate the expression of AT1 protein in Tfh cells,and down-regulate the expression of CAN,P-CaN and NFAT protein in a dose-dependent manner,and the effect is more obvious when combined with PA.Conclusion Vitamin D may regulate the activation of follicular T helper cells in MRL/lpr mice via the Ca-CaN-NFAT pathway.

Objective To observe the effect of numerical simulation technique for predicting effect of self-expanding prosthetic valve(SEV)stents for treating type 0 bicuspid aortic valve(BAV)stenosis with different implantation strategies.Methods Based on CT angiography data from a patient with type 0 BAV stenosis and asymmetric calcification,three-dimensional models of aortic root wall,aortic valve calcification,native valve and SEV were reconstructed.ABAQUS/Explicit dynamic analysis module was used to observe the interaction between SEV stents and aortic root including root stress and stent deformation under different implantation strategies(implantation depths of high,medium or low,and implantation centers of central or eccentric position).Results When SEV was implanted centrally at low depth and central position,the Von Mises stress on aortic root wall was the highest,with mean and peak value of 2.28 and 45.30 kPa,respectively.When SEV was implanted at medium depth and central position,the average eccentricity of stent across all planes was the highest(0.254),while when implanted at high depth and eccentric position,the average ellipticity in planes S1-S3 was the minimal(0.124).Conclusion Different SEV implantation strategies resulted in varying interactions between stent and aortic root.Numerical simulation technique could be used to determine the implantation center and depth based on the size and location of type 0 BAV calcification,which was helpful to reducing rupture risk of aortic annulus,increasing durability and improving prognosis of SEV stent.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of Yuxiao Prescription in the treatment of patients with stage III-IV diabetic kidney disease(DKD)characterized by qi and yin deficiency and phlegm-stasis obstruction in the real world.Methods A total of 112 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ DKD with qi-yin deficiency and phlegm-stasis obstruction who visited the outpatient department of Beijing Changping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2022 to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects.They were divided into the control group and the Chinese materia medica group based on whether they were treated with Yuxiao Prescription through prospective cohort research methods.Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to balance the confounding factors between the groups.The control group received standardized Western medicine treatment,while the Chinese materia medica group was treated with Yuxiao Prescription in addition to the treatment of the control group,one dosage per day,twice a day,orally.The treatment for both groups lasted for three months.The clinical efficacy of two groups was observed,and their urinary protein,renal function,blood glucose,blood lipids,body mass index(BMI)and TCM syndrome scores before and after treatment were compared.Adverse reactions of both groups were monitored.Results After PSM,a total of 84 balanced samples were obtained between the two groups,with 42 samples in each group.The total effective rate of Chinese materia medica group was 90.48%(38/42),while the control group was 73.81%(31/42),with statistical significance(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio,urinary microalbumin,and 24-hour urinary protein quantitative levels decreased in both groups after treatment(P<0.05).Chinese materia medica group showed a decrease in blood creatinine and a significant increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate after treatment(P<0.05);after treatment,the improvement of the above indicators in the Chinese materia medica group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,both groups showed a decrease in fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels after treatment(P<0.05).The BMI of Chinese materia medica group significantly decreased after treatment(P<0.05);after treatment,the HbA1c level and BMI in the Chinese materia medica group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the TCM syndrome scores in both groups decreased after treatment(P<0.05);after treatment,the TCM syndrome score in the Chinese materia medica group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The adverse reaction rate of the Chinese materia medica group was 4.76%(2/42),while that of the control group was 7.14%(3/42),without statistical significance between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The combination of Yuxiao Prescription and conventional therapy can effectively reduce proteinuria,improve renal function,and help improve glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ DKD characterized by qi and yin deficiency and phlegm-stasis obstruction,thereby delaying the progression of the disease.

Objective To compare and analyze the application value of domestic Octoparms and imported Celect inferior vena cava filter(IVCF)in the interventional treatment of venous thromboembolism(VTE).Methods Forty patients with VTE were randomly divided into Octoparms group(experimental group)and Celect group(control group)according to the double-blinded method of the central random system.All the patients underwent filter placement,catheter-directed thrombolysis and filter retrieval.The primary end point was the success of filter placement and retrieval,and the secondary end point included indwelling complications such as the occurrence of pulmonary embolism(PE)and filter tilt and migration.Results Forty patients were enrolled in this study,22 patients and 18 patients were divided into the experimental group and the control group,respectively.Among them,11 cases were identified with right lower extremity deep vein thrombosis,29 cases with left lower extremity deep vein thrombosis,17 cases with PE,and 6 cases with inferior vena cava thrombosis.The success rate of IVCF placement was 100%in all participants.Immediately after filter place-ment,the angle of filter tilt was(3.8±2.3)° in the experimental group and(4.9±2.8)° in the control group(t=1.44,P=0.16).Filter retrieval was successful in 21 cases(21/22,95.5%)of the experimental group and 17 cases(17/18,95.5%)of the control group.There was no significant difference between the two groups(t=0.14,P=0.89).The mean indwelling time of filter was(8.0±2.1)days in the experimental group and(9.7±3.1)days in the control group(t=0.73,P=0.47).The angle of filter tilt was(5.3±3.4)° in the experimental group and(5.7±7.7)° in the control group(t=0.19,P=0.85).There was no significant difference for filter placement and retrieval between the two groups(t=0.48 and 2.00,P=0.06 and 0.64,respectively).There were no complications of filter migration,strut penetration or new PE in both groups.Conclusion The application value of domestic Octoparms and impor-ted Celect IVCF is similar in interventional treatment of VTE.