ObjectiveTo study the chemical constituents of Painong powder and the constituents absorbed into blood after oral administration to rats by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）. MethodsUPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was employed for mass spectrometry data acquisition. The chemical constituents of Painong Powder and the constituents absorbed into blood were characterized and identified via Xcalibur 4.2 and Compound Discoverer v3.3.1 （CD） based on retention time， accurate molecular weights， secondary fragmentation ions， and comparison with reference standards and literature reports. ResultsA total of 176 chemical compounds， including 56 flavonoids， 42 triterpenoid saponins， 23 monoterpenes， 7 coumarins， 5 tannins， and other 43 compounds were identified from Painong powder. 49 components were identified in the rat plasma after oral administration of Painong powder， including 33 prototype constituents and 16 metabolites. The major metabolic pathways included hydrolysis in phase Ⅰ metabolic reactions， as well as methylation， sulfation， and glucuronidation in phase Ⅱ metabolic reaction. ConclusionThe method comprehensively identified the chemical constituents of Painong powder both in vitro and in vivo， and may provide a reference for the study of quality control and clinical applications.

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid analytical method for identifying the differential components in Poria cocos medicinal materials based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）， combined with mass defect filtering（MDF） and molecular network integration techniques. MethodsUPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used for MS data acquisition and identification of P. cocos medicinal materials， with the help of MDF for the study of cleavage behavior and structural identification of triterpenoids. According to the similarity of MS/MS fragmentation patterns of each component， global natural product social molecular network（GNPS） was established， and Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to screen molecular clusters with similar structures and the the structure of main compound classes were identified and confirmed. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to screen the differential components of the five P. cocos medicinal materials with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05 as the criteria. ResultsA total of 66 compounds were identified by database comparison， 8 compounds were newly identified by MDF， 28 compounds were newly identified by GNPS， and a total of 102 chemical compounds were identified， including 43 triterpenoids， 16 saccharides， 26 amino acids and peptides， 3 nucleosides， and 14 other compounds. Triterpenoids were predominant in Poriae Cutis and wild Fushen， amino acids and peptides were the most abundant in Poria and cultivated Fushen， carbohydrates were the most abundant in Poriae Cutis. Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ triterpenoids had higher amounts in Poria and cultivated Fushen， type Ⅲ triterpenoids were more abundant in Poriae Cutis， all four types of triterpenoids were higher in Fushenmu， and type Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅳ triterpenoids were higher in wild Fushen. A total of 12 common differential chemical constituents were screened， including serine， guanosine， gallic acid， 2-octenal， maltotriose， trametenolic acid， dehydroeburicoic acid， dehydrotrametenolic acid， poricoic acid A， poricoic acid B， poricoic acid E and G， but the relative contents of them varied significantly among different medicinal materials. ConclusionAmong the five P. cocos medicinal materials， the types of constituents are generally similar， but their relative contents differed significantly among these medicinal materials， especially in the distribution of triterpenoids. The integration of UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS， MDF and GNPS can provide a reference for the rapid qualitative analysis of other Chinese medicines.

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid analytical method for identifying the differential components in Poria cocos medicinal materials based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）， combined with mass defect filtering（MDF） and molecular network integration techniques. MethodsUPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used for MS data acquisition and identification of P. cocos medicinal materials， with the help of MDF for the study of cleavage behavior and structural identification of triterpenoids. According to the similarity of MS/MS fragmentation patterns of each component， global natural product social molecular network（GNPS） was established， and Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to screen molecular clusters with similar structures and the the structure of main compound classes were identified and confirmed. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to screen the differential components of the five P. cocos medicinal materials with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05 as the criteria. ResultsA total of 66 compounds were identified by database comparison， 8 compounds were newly identified by MDF， 28 compounds were newly identified by GNPS， and a total of 102 chemical compounds were identified， including 43 triterpenoids， 16 saccharides， 26 amino acids and peptides， 3 nucleosides， and 14 other compounds. Triterpenoids were predominant in Poriae Cutis and wild Fushen， amino acids and peptides were the most abundant in Poria and cultivated Fushen， carbohydrates were the most abundant in Poriae Cutis. Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ triterpenoids had higher amounts in Poria and cultivated Fushen， type Ⅲ triterpenoids were more abundant in Poriae Cutis， all four types of triterpenoids were higher in Fushenmu， and type Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅳ triterpenoids were higher in wild Fushen. A total of 12 common differential chemical constituents were screened， including serine， guanosine， gallic acid， 2-octenal， maltotriose， trametenolic acid， dehydroeburicoic acid， dehydrotrametenolic acid， poricoic acid A， poricoic acid B， poricoic acid E and G， but the relative contents of them varied significantly among different medicinal materials. ConclusionAmong the five P. cocos medicinal materials， the types of constituents are generally similar， but their relative contents differed significantly among these medicinal materials， especially in the distribution of triterpenoids. The integration of UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS， MDF and GNPS can provide a reference for the rapid qualitative analysis of other Chinese medicines.

ObjectiveUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS） was used to analyze the differences in chemical components between raw products and wine-processed products of Polygonatum cyrtonema rhizome. MethodUPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was used to analyze the chemical compositions of P. cyrtonema rhizome before and after processing， and the effective response ions were extracted after raw data processing， and the differential compounds before and after processing were screened combined with multivariate statistical analysis and according to the conditions of variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1， P<0.05， fold change（FC）>2 or FC<0.5， based on the retention time， quasi-molecular ions， fragment ions and other information， the components were identified in combination with the control products and the literature， and the significant difference compounds were identified by clustering thermal analysis and relative quantitative analyzed， in order to clarify the change rule of the main components in P. cyrtonema rhizome before and after processing. ResultA total of 72 differential constituents between raw products and wine-processed products were identified， including 15 alkaloids， 12 organic acids， 12 amino acids， 6 flavonoids， 4 saccharides and 23 others. There were a total of 18 significantly different components， among which 13 compounds， including L-malic acid， lactic acid and 9，12，13-trihydroxy-10-octadecenoic acid， showed an increasing trend in content after wine processing， 5 compounds such as trans-3-indoleacrylic acid， L-arginine， D-tryptophan， showed a decreasing trend after processing. ConclusionThe chemical components of P. cyrtonema rhizome are significantly different before and after processing， mainly organic acids， saccharides， amino acids， flavonoids and alkaloids， which can lay the foundation for the in-depth study of the processing mechanism of Polygonati Rhizoma.

Objective To compare the changes of the Chinese Materia Medica resources(CMMR)in Sichuan based on the data of the 3rd Chinese Materia Medica Resource Inventory(CMMRI,1983-1986)and the 4th CMMRI(2011-2022).Methods Using new techniques,after field investigation,collection and identification of the specimens of the animals,plants and minerals.The data of the CMMR in Sichuan found in the 4th CMMRI were analysed and compared with the data of 3rd CMMRI.Results ①9055 species of CMMR were found in Sichuan during the 4th CMMRI,including 8272 species of medicinal plants,745 species of medicinal animals and 38 species of medicinal minerals.Compared with the 3rd CMMRI,the number of CMMR found in Sichuan have greatly increased.The number of medicinal plants increased 5018 species,the number of medicinal animals increased 637 species and the number of medicinal minerals increased 5 species,too.②The medicinal plants is the main part of the CMMR,and the higher plants(7774 species)has the absolute advantage of the CMMR.The top 20 families which have plenty of plant species include Compositae,Rosaceae,Leguminosae,Ranunculaceae,etc.③ Based on the data of the CMMR of the 183 counties in Sichuan,the reserves of 235 species of wild CMMR in Sichuan is about 36.72 million ton.There were 49 CMMR which have reserves beyond 100 thousand tons,such as Arisaematis rhizoma,Epimedii folium,Cimicifugae rhizoma,Acori tatarinowii rhizoma,Gentianae macrophyllae radix,Polygoni multiflori radix etc.④In 2021,there were 215 species of CMMR cultivated in Sichuan,the main species were Aurantii fructus,Chuanxiong rhizoma,Polygonati rhizome,Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizome.The planting area was 8.17 million and the production was 1.26 million ton.⑤All 183 countries were found CMMR,the number of the species of CMMR in 30 countries exceeded 800,including 16 countries which had more than 1000 kinds of CMMR,such as Emeishan,Hongya,Muli etc.The total types of the CMMR(up 118.31%),the reserves of the wild CMMR(up 119 times)and the number of the counties(up 3 times)which had plenty of CMMR,showed a marked increase over the 3rd CMMRI.8 new species were found in the the 4th CMMRI,such as Codonopsis atriplicifolia,Tongoloa tagongensis,Allium xinlongense,etc.Conclusion The species,the reserves of the CMMR and the resource rich countries in Sichuan are the top 3 in China and Sichuan is worthy of the title of"Hometown of Traditional Chinese Medicine".The compositions and types of the family,genus and species of the CMMR in Sichuan have significantly increased.The basic information of the CMR in Sichuan was clearly found out during the 4th CMMRI,and beneficial for the sustainable development and utilization of the CMMR in Sichuan.

The establishment of a traceability system for the entire industry chain of Chinese medicinal materials can enhance regional brand building,raise the quality awareness of medicinal material producers,standardize the production processes of Chinese medicinal materials,and ensure the production of high-quality medicinal materials.Sichuan Province has successfully implemented a provincial-level Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)tracing system that is interconnected across provinces,cities,and counties.This system enables the complete tracking of the entire supply chain,starting from seed and seedling cultivation,through planting and breeding,harvesting and processing,and finally to the production and distribution of decoction pieces in trade and medical institutions.This research provides a comprehensive overview of the progress made in establishing the Chinese herbal medicine traceability system in Sichuan Province.It analyzes the existing challenges faced by participating enterprises,such as the hierarchy of involvement,information integrity,and the overall impact of the system.Moreover,the paper presents valuable insights and suggestions for the further development of the Chinese herbal medicine traceability system in Sichuan Province.These recommendations focus on enhancing the traceability scope,improving service capabilities,promoting data sharing,and establishing standardized norms and guidelines.

Sichuan Province is located across several major geomorphic units,such as the Qinghai Tibet Plateau,Hengduan Mountains,the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,Qinling Bashan Mountains,and Sichuan Basin.The complex ecological environment has created rich plant species.Based on the results of the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Sichuan Province,according to the plant catalog in the,The results indicate that Sichuan has a total of 42 families,65 genera,and 116 species(including sub species)of medicinal plants under national key protection,there are 9 species such as lotus leaf fern under first level protection,and 107 species such as golden haired dog under second level protection.The distribution of rare and endangered medicinal plants in Sichuan Province has obvious regional characteristics,with the highest distribution in Leshan and Ganzi,and obvious vertical distribution.There are as many as 57 species distributed in high-altitude areas such as Ganzi Prefecture and Aba Prefecture.The endangered reasons for the key protected medicinal plants in Sichuan Province are mostly caused by human destruction and environmental damage.It is suggested to strengthen the protection of rare and endangered medicinal plant resources and develop and utilize them reasonably.

Objective To Provide basic information for the development of traditional Chinese medicine in the region by collating medicinal plant resources in Southern Sichuan Economic Zone.Methods The list was formed in Southern Sichuan Economic Zone by collecting and verifying Medicinal Plant Resources in 28 Counties(Districts)of the Southern Sichuan Economic Zone.The species composition,family structure,life type,threated degree of the medicine plants resources,the medicinal parts of key medicinal plants included,main cultivated medicinal herbs in the pharmacopoeia were statistically analysed for searching for the diversity of medicinal plant resources.Results The medicinal plant resources included 201 families,979 genera,2555 species.Herbaceous medicinal plants accounted for the largest proportion in both species and quantity.There are 270 species listed in the Chinese pharmacopoeia and 72 threatened and protected species among the medicinal plant resources.Conclusion The diversity of medicinal plant resources in the South Sichuan Economic Zone is prominent,and it can be reasonably developed,utilized,and protected.It is suggested to formulate effective protection measures for wild medicinal plant resources based on regional environmental characteristics,and rationally and sustainably develop and utilize high-quality medicinal plant resources with local characteristics.

Objective Investigate the types and reserves of key Chinese medicinal materials in Sichuan Province,and provide scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Sichuan Province.Methods Using a combination of field sample survey,market visit survey,and cultivation visit survey,we investigated the varieties and reserves of key Chinese medicinal materials in 183 county-level administrative regions in Sichuan Province.Results Sichuan Province has included 358 key varieties in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,including 133 key medicinal materials under market investigation and 225 key medicinal materials under field investigation.The investigation discovered 325 key plant medicinal materials,14 key animal medicinal materials,14 key mineral medicinal materials,and 5 key fungal medicinal materials.We have completed a survey on the quantity and weight of 134 key Chinese medicinal materials,and calculated the reserve information of 134 key medicinal materials through the National Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Census Database System.Conclusion Sichuan Province has abundant types of key traditional Chinese medicine resources,accounting for 51.3%of the total number of key varieties in the country.The resource reserves are large,exceeding 20 million tons,but some varieties of resources are severely damaged and urgently need to be protected.

OBJECTIVE: To optimize water extraction technology of Feng-Moutan Cortex. METHODS: L9 (34) orthogonal design was used to optimize soaking time, solid-liquid ratio, extraction time and extraction times in water extraction technology of Feng-Moutan Cortex using comprehensive scores for the peak area percentage and extract yield of 8 ingredients in Feng-Moutan Cortex as gallic acid, paeoniflorin, catechin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol after normalization as indexes. Verification test was conducted. RESULTS: The optimal water extraction technology was that 20-fold water, soaking for 1 h, extracting twice, 2 h each time. Results of verification test showed that comprehensive scores of 3 times of tests were 65. 98, 68. 85 and 69. 25, respectively. RSDs of each index were lower than 5％ (n=3). CONCLUSIONS: Established comprehensive scoring method can reflect the relative contents of effective components in Feng-Moutan Cortex comprehen- sively, so that optimized extraction technology is reasonable and feasible.