Breast cancer is the main cause of death from cancer in women. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important to improve patient prognosis. As an important means of breast cancer screening, ultrasound plays a key role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer, but the accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis is greatly affected by subjective and objective, and it is easy to miss diagnosis and misdiagnosis. In recent years, with the development of big data and computer algorithms, the research and application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as imaging omics and deep learning in the field of ultrasound have become increasingly extensive, making accurate and efficient imaging evaluation possible. This article mainly reviews the application status and clinical application potential of AI in ultrasound diagnosis of breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the main cause of death from cancer in women. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important to improve patient prognosis. As an important means of breast cancer screening, ultrasound plays a key role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer, but the accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis is greatly affected by subjective and objective, and it is easy to miss diagnosis and misdiagnosis. In recent years, with the development of big data and computer algorithms, the research and application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as imaging omics and deep learning in the field of ultrasound have become increasingly extensive, making accurate and efficient imaging evaluation possible. This article mainly reviews the application status and clinical application potential of AI in ultrasound diagnosis of breast cancer.

AIM: To explore the value of the corneal/refractive analyzer OPD-Scan III in assessing visual quality after Nd:YAG laser surgery in patients with posterior capsular opacification.METHODS: A total of 98 patients(98 eyes)with posterior capsular opacification who underwent Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in our hospital from May 2021 to April 2023 were retrospectively selected as the research subjects, and higher-order aberration parameters(coma, spherical aberration and trefoil aberration)and visual quality parameters [Strehl ratio(SR)and 4 mm area ratio(AR)in the human eye modulation transfer function(MTF)curve] were obtained using the corneal/refractive analyzer OPD-Scan III. The patient's visual acuity, higher-order aberration parameters and visual quality before surgery, and at 1 wk and 3 mo after surgery were compared.RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA)and uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA), coma, spherical aberration, trefoil aberration, SR and AR before and after surgery(all P<0.001), and there were statistically significant differences in UDVA, UIVA, UNVA, coma, spherical aberration, trefoil aberration, SR and AR at 1 wk and 3 mo postoperatively(all P<0.05). Additionally, there were differences in the UDVA, UIVA, UNVA, SR and AR at 3 mo postoperatively compared with those parameters at 1 wk postoperatively(all P<0.05), while there were no statistical significance in coma, spherical aberration, trefoil aberration at 3 mo postoperatively and those at 1 wk postoperatively(all P>0.05). Furthermore, the spherical aberration, trefoil aberration were negatively correlated with SR(rs=-0.427, P=0.009; rs=-0.436, P=0.010), and the trefoil aberration was negatively correlated with AR(rs=-0.406, P=0.015).CONCLUSION: The visual acuity of patients with posterior capsular opacification improved after Nd:YAG laser surgery, and the corneal/refractive analyzer OPD-Scan III system has a high clinical value in reflecting patient's visual quality.

BackgroundQuality of life， as a major criterion for judging the clinical outcome of ovarian cancer patients， can be affected by adverse psychological symptoms of patients. Meanwhile， fear of disease progression， as a frequent psychological symptom among cancer survivors， is significantly influenced by metacognition， while there is a paucity of research into the specific correlation among the three in patients with ovarian cancer. ObjectiveTo explore the correlation among fear of disease progression， metacognition and quality of life in patients with ovarian cancer， and to test the role of fear of disease progression in the relationship between metacognition and quality of life， so as to provide references for improving the quality of life in patients with ovarian cancer. MethodsA total of 135 patients with ovarian cancer hospitalized in Cangzhou People's Hospital of Hebei Province from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected. All subjects were requested to complete the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Ovarian Cancer （FACT-O）， Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form （FoP-Q-SF） and Metacognition Questionnaire （MCQ） to assess their quality of life， fear of disease progression and metacognitive level. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to examine the correlation among the above scales. Process v3.5 macro program was utilized to determine the mediating effect of fear of disease progression on the relationship between metacognition and quality of life， and nonparametric Bootstrap with bias-correction was used to test the mediating effect. ResultsA total of 122 patients （90.37%） with ovarian cancer completed the effective questionnaire survey. Patients scored （90.52±17.13） on FACT-O， （68.52±16.31） on MCQ， and （37.72±8.91） on FoP-Q-SF. Pearson correlation analysis denoted that FoP-Q-SF score was negatively correlated with FACT-O score （r=-0.412， P<0.05） and positively correlated with MCQ score （r=0.241， P<0.05）， and MCQ score was negatively correlated with FACT-O score （r=-0.453， P<0.05）. Analysis demonstrated that the total effect of metacognition on quality of life was -0.298 （95% CI： -0.402~-0.186）. The direct effect of metacognition on quality of life was -0.219 （95% CI： -0.504~-0.277）， accounting for 73.49% of the total effect， and the indirect effect of metacognition on quality of life via fear of disease progression was -0.079 （95% CI： -0.162~-0.037）， accounting for 26.51% of the total effect. ConclusionQuality of life is reduced in patients with ovarian cancer， and fear of disease progression plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between metacognition and quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the influence and significance of Pingyangmycin chemotherapy on the c-myc and Ras-P21 protein expression in penile cancer .Methods A total of 100 penile squamous cell carci-noma cases was retrospectively studied and divided into two groups .Data were obtained from 1995 to 2005 .In the chemotherapy group ,50 cases of patients were selected to perform preoperative chemotherapy before surgery .The patients were treated by Pingyangmycin .After 7 times of medication ,partial excision of penis plus improved ingui-nal lymph node dissection was performed .In the control group ,50 cases of patients were selected for partial exci-sion of penis plus improved inguinal lymph node dissection directly without any pre -operative chemotherapy .All pathology specimens were detected of c -myc and Ras-P21 protein expression by immunohistochemical staining assay.Theχ2 test was used for the statistical analysis .Results In chemotherapy group,the positive expression rates of c-myc and Ras-P21 were 30%,27%,respectively.However,in control group,the positive expression rate of c-myc,Ras-P21 were 52%,48%,respectively.By theχ2 test,the expressive differences of c -myc,Ras-P21 positive expression rate between chemotherapy group and control group were all significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The protein expressions of c -myc and Ras-P21 is significantly decreased in the tissue of Pingy-angmycin chemotherapy of penile cancer .

Objective: To investigate the laboratory,clinical and economic results of early postoperative enteral nutrition(EEN) in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.Methods: 120 patients with gastrointestinal cancer were randomly divided into three groups: EEN,early postoperative parenteral nutrition(PN), and traditional nutrition(CON)groups.The 1/3 and 2/3 target volumes were administered on the first and second postoperative days(1POD,2POD),and the full volume was given from 3POD to 8POD in EEN and PN groups.The routine formula was offerd from 1POD to 8POD in CON group.The nutritional and immune parameters were detected one day before surgery and 9POD, and the clinical and economic results were collected in three groups.Results: The levels of ALB,TF,PA,CD3,CD4,CD4/CD8 were significantly higher in EEN and PN groups than those in CON group(both P＜0.01),and the CD3,CD4,CD4/CD8 were better in EEN group than those in PN group(P＜0.05).The side effects of EEN group were similar to those of PN group(P>0.05). The recovery of bowel function was quicker in EEN group than that in PN and CON groups(both P＜0.05).The complication rate, cost of nutrition support,and cost of complication treatment were lower in EEN group than those in PN group(P＜0.05, P＜0.01, P＜0.01).Although the cost of nutrition support was lowest but the complication rate and cost of complication treatment were all highest in CON group.Conclusion: EEN is better in immune function, recovery of bowel function,complication rate, and cost-effectiveness than those in PN, and from our multiple angular viewpoints EEN is the first choice for patients with gastrointestinal cancer.