Digital intelligence technology is a comprehensive technical system with data as the key element and artificial intelligence as the core driving force. It provides innovative methodological support for addressing core bottlenecks in rare disease etiology research, including sample scarcity, high-dimensional datacomplexity, intricate pathogenic mechanisms, and challenges in causal validation. This paper systematically reviews the application pathways and current implementation of digital intelligence across four major stages of rare disease research, including etiological clue mining, causal inference, mechanism analysis, and clinical translation. Furthermore, it summarizes the technical strengths, existing limitations, and developmental challenges, aiming to inform optimization of the research paradigm and promote the sustainable advancement of rare disease research.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of real-world adverse drug events(ADEs)of trabectedin based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database in order to provide references for clinical drug safety management.Methods A total of 1 349 trabectedin-related reports were extracted from the FAERS database from Q1 2007 to Q4 2024.Using the MedDRA coding classification system for system organ class(SOC)and preferred term(PT),signal detection was performed through 4 proportional imbalance methods,including reporting odds ratio(ROR)and proportional reporting ratio(PRR).Subgroup analyses by gender,age,and temporal trends were also conducted.Results Hematological and lymphatic system disorders and hepatobiliary system disorders were the primary SOCs involved.High-frequency PTs included neutropenia(123 cases)and anemia(117 cases).Eight potential ADEs that have not been listed in the drug product instruction were identified.The median onset time of ADEs was 21 d,showing an early failure pattern,with differences observed by gender(females more prone to hematological toxicity)and age(elderly more susceptible to febrile neutropenia).Conclusion Trabectedin requires close attention to hematological toxicity,hepatotoxicity,and newly identified multi-system potential risks.Clinically,monitoring should be strengthened based on time windows and population characteristics to optimize drug regimens.Countermeasure It is recommended to strengthen the full cycle monitoring of anti-tumor drugs,standardize the reporting of adverse reactions,and establish a multi-departmental collaborative research platform.

Objective:To study the effect of compliance with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program on the prognosis of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Methods:A total of 229 patients who underwent unilateral total knee arthroplasty in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 2022 to March 2024, the clinical data of patients were retrospectively analysed. The cohort included 57 males and 172 females, aged 61-79 years, the average age was (68.6±5.2) years. All patients received perioperative ERAS interventions, and compliance with each ERAS item was recorded. Based on overall ERAS compliance, patients were divided into high-compliance group ( n=140, compliance >89.9%) and low-compliance group ( n=89, compliance ≤89.9%). The characteristics of the two groups were collected, including gender, age, body mass index, smoking, comorbidities, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score, surgical time and estimated blood loss. Clinical outcomes indicators including HSS scores and knee range of motion (ROM) at 1 and 3 months postoperatively, length of hospital stay, complications within 3 months, and readmission at 3 months. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s) and compared using t-test. Count data were expressed as cases and percentages and analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher exact probability method. Results:There was no significant statistical difference in age( P=0.167), gender( P=0.500), body mass index ( P=0.322), smoking( P=0.185), hypertension( P=0.118), diabetes( P=0.550), coronary heart disease( P=0.633), arrhythmias( P=0.564), chronic lung disease( P=0.460), depression( P=0.295), preoperative HSS( P=0.492), preoperative VAS( P=0.644), surgical time ( P=0.459) and estimated blood loss( P=0.171) between the high-compliance group and the low-compliance group. The postoperative knee ROM (115.2±8.5)° of patients with high-compliance was significantly higher than that of patients with low-compliance group (101.8±10.1)°, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The length of hospital stay was (13.7±3.7) d in the low-compliance group, which was more than that in the high-compliance group [(9.8±2.5) d], and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.028). Conclusions:Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty had a high overall compliance with the ERAS program. The prognosis of patients with higher compliance of ERAS is better, and ERAS compliance should be improved as much as possible in clinical work.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of dengue fever in Guangzhou based on circuit-qi theory.Methods Data on dengue fever cases in Guangzhou from January 21,2012,to January 19,2024 were collected.And then the incidence of dengue fever was analyzed under the circuit-qi conditions of dominant qi,guest qi,celestial qi,joining of guest qi with dominant qi,and dissimilation of circuit and qi.Results Higher incidence of dengue fever in Guangzhou was presented under the circuit-qi conditions of the fifth qi of the dominant qi in each year,shaoyang minister fire of the guest qi,shaoyin monarch fire of the celestial qi,guest qi restricting dominant qi in the joining of guest qi with dominant qi,shaoyang minister fire(guest qi)joining with yangming dry-metal(dominant qi)in the pattern of guest qi restricting dominant qi.The outbreak of dengue fever under the circuit-qi conditions of dissimilation of circuit and qi showed no statistically significant difference.Conclusion Over the 12-year period from 2012 to 2024,the prevalence of dengue fever in Guangzhou exhibited a 4-5-year cyclical pattern,often with consecutive outbreaks over two years.The prevalence of dengue fever in Guangzhou is associated with the factors of dampness and heat in the theory of five circuits and six qi,while has less relation with dissimilation of circuit and qi.

Objective The effect of lunar dust adhesion performance by fiber surface characteristics were investigated for the lunar dust adhesion mitigation of spacesuits.Methods In this research,an adhesion test method under ultraviolet ray radiation in vacuum was developed to measure the adhesion quantity of simulated lunar dust on fiber materials.Based on the microscopic image of the fiber sample after test,the influence of conductive and surface energy characteristics of the fiber materials on the lunar dust adhesion performance was studied.Results The simulated lunar dust were activated under ultraviolet ray radiation,which induced an increase of the adhesion quantity of simulated lunar dust on fiber materials;Lower surface energy or higher conductive characteristics of the fiber was both beneficial to reduce the adhesion quantity of simulated lunar dust.Conclusion The static electric forces were likely to be the major forces between the fiber and the lunar dust under ultraviolet ray radiation in vacuum.In addition to reducing surface energy,improving conductive characteristics of the fiber was more beneficial to reduce the adhesion quantity of simulated lunar dust.

Objective To investigate pharmacologically active components of Yiqi Zishen Formula(YZF)and their mechanisms for alleviating airway inflammation in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry was employed to characterize the chemical components in YZF and YZF-medicated rat serum.A compound-disease target network was constructed based on serum components of YZF to screen the key pathways and targets using enrichment analysis.A mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced COPD was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of YZF and validate the expression of key proteins in network pharmacology-enriched pathways.Fifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomized equally into control group,COPD model group,high-and low-dose YZF treatment groups,and N-acetylcysteine treatment group.Pulmonary function of the mice was assessed using whole-body plethysmography,and lung histopathology,alveolar structure,and airway remodeling were analyzed using HE staining.The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were determined with ELISA,and pulmonary expressions of PI3K,Akt,phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt),p65,and phosphorylated p65(p-p65)were detected using immunohistochemistry.Results We identified a total of 156 chemical components(including 26 flavonoids or flavonoid glycosides,27 alkaloids,and 11 saponins)in YZF and 43 prototype components in medicated rat serum.Network pharmacology revealed 704 YZF-related targets and 1199 COPD-associated targets.Integrated analysis suggested that the anti-COPD effects of YZF were associated with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.In mouse models of COPD,YZF treatment significantly increased mean alveolar number and peak expiratory flow(P<0.05),reduced mean linear intercept,bronchial wall thickness,lung coefficient,and BALF cytokine levels,and suppressed the expressions of PI3K,Akt,p-Akt,p65,and p-p65 in the lung tissues.Conclusion YZF alleviates COPD symptoms and airway inflammation in mice possibly by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway through its multiple components that interact with multiple targets.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between the postoperative intervertebral space infection and the expressions of β-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β)in the patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).METHODS A total of 201 patients with LDH who received surgical procedures in Harbin Orthopedics and Traumatology Hospital from Jan.2022 to May 2024 were enrolled in the study and were divided into the infection group and the no infection group according to the status of postoperative intervertebral space infection.The distri-bution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from the patients of the infection group were detected.The rela-tive expression levels of peripheral blood Wnt,β-catenin and GSK-3β proteins were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Among the 201 patients who received surgical procedures,21 had postoperative intervertebral space infections,with the infection rate 10.45％.Totally 26 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 21 patients in the infection group,11(42.31％)of which were gram-negative bacteria,and 15(57.69％)were gram-positive bacteria.The operation duration of the infection group was(3.46±0.89)hour,longer than(3.09±0.73)hour of the no infection group(t=2.146,P=0.033).There were significant differences in the expressions of peripheral blood β-catenin and GSK-3β proteins between the infection group and the no infection group(P＜0.05).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that the areas under the curves(AUCs)of the relative ex-pression levels of β-catenin and GSK-3β were 0.836 and 0.800,respectively;the sensitivities were 52.40％and 66.70％,respectively;the specificities were 90.56％and 93.89％,respectively;the cut-off point were 5.65 and 2.15,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The LDH patients are at high risk of postoperative intervertebral space infec-tion,the patients with the infection show the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and the rise of ex-pression levels of β-catenin and GSK-3β proteins.The levels of the indexes may facilitate the prediction of postop-erative intervertebral space infection in the LDH patients.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between CT characteristics and related quantitative parameters of spectral CT in diagnosing the nature of thyroid nodules and lymph node metastasis in patients.Methods:This retrospective analysis included 198 patients with thyroid nodules who visited Shangqiu First People’s Hospital between Jun. 2019 and Dec. 2024. The patients included 53 males and 145 females, aged (50.96 ± 5.36) years. A total of 105 patients were classified as benign nodules and 93 patients as malignant nodules (45 with metastasis and 48 without metastasis). All patients underwent spectral CT scans to analyze the efficacy of spectral CT in diagnosing the nature of thyroid nodules and lymph node metastasis in malignant nodules. Continuous data were expressed as ±s, and intergroup comparisons were performed using independent sample t-tests. Enumeration data were expressed as [n (%) ] and tested using the chi-squared test. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine the diagnostic efficacy of various CT features and related quantitative parameters in diagnosing thyroid nodules and cervical lymph node metastasis. Results:The AUCs of capsule, edge and shape for diagnosing malignant nodules were 0.706, 0.701 and 0.735, respectively. The AUCs of IC, NIC and slope of energy spectrum curve in arterial phase and IC, NIC and slope of energy spectrum curve in venous phase for diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules were 0.967, 0.992, 0.966, 0.819, 0.991 and 0.986, respectively. The AUCs of nodule number, capsule, edge, shape and long diameter of nodule for diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with malignant thyroid nodules were 0.642, 0.617, 0.643, 0.619 and 0.651, respectively. The AUCs of IC, NIC and slope of energy spectrum curve in arterial phase and IC, NIC and slope of energy spectrum curve in venous phase were 0.941, 0.941, 0.955, 0.786, 0.881 and 0.824, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that multiple nodules, absence of capsule, blurred margins, irregular shape, nodule long diameter >10 mm, IC, NIC in the arterial and venous phases, and increased slope of the energy spectrum curve were independent risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with malignant thyroid nodules ( OR=2.631, 1.854, 2.694, 1.936, 2.657, 2.064, 2.314, 2.525, 2.342, 2.712, 2.986, P<0.05) . Conclusions:In spectral CT examinations of patients with thyroid nodules, malignant nodules often show characteristics such as no capsule and blurred edges, accompanied by changes in relevant quantitative parameters. These CT characteristics and quantitative parameters have good diagnostic efficacy for the nature of thyroid nodules and cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with malignant nodules, and have high clinical application value.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in Zhejiang cancer registration areas in 2021 and the trends from 2000 to 2021.[Methods]The data of cancer inci-dence,mortality and population data reported by cancer registration areas in Zhejiang Province from 2000 to 2021 were collected.The crude incidence/mortality rates,age-standardized rates ad-justed by Chinese standard population(ASIRC,ASMRC)and world standard population(ASIRW,ASMRW),cumulative rates(0～74 years old),truncated rates(35～64 years old),proportion of fe-male breast cancer and age-specific rate were calculated.The average annual percentage change(AAPC)of female breast cancer incidence and mortality rates in Zhejiang from 2000 to 2021 was calculated using Joinpoint software.[Results]In 2021,there were 7 262 new cases of female breast cancer in Zhejiang cancer registration areas,accounting for 12.70％of all new female can-cer cases.The crude incidence rate,ASIRC and ASIRW were 65.71/105,42.03/105 and 39.22/105,respectively.The cumulative incidence rate(0～74 years old)was 4.26％,and the truncated rate(35～64 years old)was 98.34/105.The ASIRC in urban and rural areas were 43.15/105 and 40.15/105,respectively.There were 992 deaths of female breast cancer,accounting for 6.97％of all female cancer deaths.The crude mortality rate,ASMRC and ASMRW were 8.98/105,4.62/105 and 4.47/105,respectively.The cumulative mortality rate(0～74 years old)was 0.48％,and the truncated rate(35～64 years old)was 8.89/105.The ASMRC in urban and rural areas were 4.79/105 and 4.34/105,respectively.The incidence rate of female breast cancer reached the peak at the age group of 60～64 years old,and the mortality rate reached the peak at the age group of 85 years old and above.From 2000 to 2021,the crude incidence rate,ASIRC and ASIRW of female breast cancer in Zhejiang cancer registration areas showed significant increasing trends(all P＜0.05).The crude mortality rate and ASMRW of female breast cancer also showed significant increasing trends(all P＜0.05).[Conclusion]The incidence rate of female breast cancer in Zhejiang Province was higher than the national average,while the mortality rate was lower than the national average in 2021.Both the incidence and mortality rates showed increasing trends from 2000 to 2021.Fur-thermore,distinct urban-rural disparities existed in both incidence and mortality characteristics.