Objective To study the seasonal distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM_2.5 in Lianyungang City, and analyze the sources of PAHs pollution, and to evaluate the health risks of PAHs in different seasons. Methods PM2.5 samples were collected regularly from January 2019 to December 2023, and 16 types of PAHs were determined by HPLC. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the concentrations of PM2.5 and PAHs in different years and seasons. The source of PAHs was analyzed by characteristic ratio and principal component analysis (PCA). Health risks were assessed using the BaP equivalent method and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model. Results The annual exceedance rates of PM_2.5 and BaP in Lianyungang showed a decreasing trend from 2019 to 2023. PM_2.5, total PAHs and PAHs monomers (except Ace, Flu and Acy) all showed significant seasonal differences, with the highest concentration in winter (P<0.001). The average proportion of 4-ring PAHs was the highest and the average proportion of 2-ring PAHs was the lowest. The proportion of 5-6 ring PAHs was relatively high in winter and spring. PM2.5and PAHs were negatively correlated with temperature, relative humidity and precipitation, and were positively correlated with atmospheric pressure. PM_2.5 was negatively correlated with wind speed, while some PAHs monomers were positively correlated with wind speed. The characteristic ratio and PCA results showed that the main sources of PAHs in Lianyungang City were mixed sources of road dust and vehicle emissions, oil pollution sources and biomass combustion sources. The results of ILCR showed that the highest risk was found in adults, with males slightly higher than females. In Lianyungang, the maximum value of ILCR in winter was more than 10-6 in people over 9 years old. Conclusion The main sources of PAHs in PM_2.5 in Lianyungang City are mixed sources of road dust and vehicle emissions, oil pollution sources, and biomass combustion sources. Under the current exposure level of PAHs in PM_2.5, residents have a certain potential carcinogenic risk.

Objective: To analyze the trends in disease burden of tuberculosis among children under 5 years of age in China from 1990 to 2021, so as to provide insights for future tuberculosis control measures among children in China. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 datasets, the incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability adjusted life year(DALY) of tuberculosis of children under 5 years of age in China and globally were collected from 1990 to 2021. The incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALY rate of tuberculosis were compared by genders and types. In addition,the annual percent change(APC) and the average annual percent change(AAPC) of children s tuberculosis burden in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 were calculated by using the Joinpoint regression model, and the changing trends were analyzed. Results: The numbers of incident, prevalent and dead tuberculosis cases were 9 700, 8 477 800 and 200 among children under 5 years of age in China in 2021, and the DALY due to tuberculosis were 27 100 person years. There were significant reductions in incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALY rate of tuberculosis among children under 5 years of age in China ( AAPC =-5.45%, -1.14%, -12.37%, -11.34 %) and globally( AAPC =-2.38%, -1.41%, -4.66%, -4.56%), and the reductions in the incidence, mortality and DALY rate were more significant in China than globally ( P <0.05).In 1992 and later, the numbers of incident, prevalent and dead tuberculosis cases and the DALY of tuberculosis were higher among male than among female. In addition, the disease burden of drug susceptible tuberculosis appeared a tendency of downward in China from 1990 to 2021, while the incidence and prevalence of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis rose since 2015. Conclusions The disease burden of tuberculosis remarkably reduced among children under 5 years of age in China from 1990 to 2021. However, the burden of disease due to multidrug resistant tuberculosis appeared an upward trend recently. Increased attention is required to be paid to the prevention and control of tuberculosis among children and improved diagnosis and treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis are recommended.

LIN28 is an RNA binding protein with important roles in early embryo development, stem cell differentiation/reprogramming, tumorigenesis and metabolism. Previous studies have focused mainly on its role in the cytosol where it interacts with Let-7 microRNA precursors or mRNAs, and few have addressed LIN28's role within the nucleus. Here, we show that LIN28 displays dynamic temporal and spatial expression during murine embryo development. Maternal LIN28 expression drops upon exit from the 2-cell stage, and zygotic LIN28 protein is induced at the forming nucleolus during 4-cell to blastocyst stage development, to become dominantly expressed in the cytosol after implantation. In cultured pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), loss of LIN28 led to nucleolar stress and activation of a 2-cell/4-cell-like transcriptional program characterized by the expression of endogenous retrovirus genes. Mechanistically, LIN28 binds to small nucleolar RNAs and rRNA to maintain nucleolar integrity, and its loss leads to nucleolar phase separation defects, ribosomal stress and activation of P53 which in turn binds to and activates 2C transcription factor Dux. LIN28 also resides in a complex containing the nucleolar factor Nucleolin (NCL) and the transcriptional repressor TRIM28, and LIN28 loss leads to reduced occupancy of the NCL/TRIM28 complex on the Dux and rDNA loci, and thus de-repressed Dux and reduced rRNA expression. Lin28 knockout cells with nucleolar stress are more likely to assume a slowly cycling, translationally inert and anabolically inactive state, which is a part of previously unappreciated 2C-like transcriptional program. These findings elucidate novel roles for nucleolar LIN28 in PSCs, and a new mechanism linking 2C program and nucleolar functions in PSCs and early embryo development.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism* ; Embryonic Development ; Mice ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; RNA, Ribosomal ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Zygote/metabolism*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the attitudes and skills of grief counseling in the front-line medical workers from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) designated hospitals in Wuhan for the bereaved family members and to provide the basis for proper hospital management strategies. METHODS: The convenience sampling method was applied to select 422 medical workers who kept touch with the bereaved family members in five COVID-19 designated hospitals in Wuhan from January to February 2020. Questionnaire regarding grief counseling attitudes and questionnaire regarding grief counseling skills were used to evaluate the attitudes and skills of grief counseling in medical workers. The scores of grief counseling attitudes and skills in group of different characteristics were further compared. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the attitudes and skills of grief counseling in medical workers. RESULTS: The scores of grief counseling attitudes in medical workers were 15-46 (33.00±9.31). Length of service, professional title, whether or not receiving relevant training, frequency of contact with bereaved family members contributed to impacting the medical workers' attitudes of grief counseling (all <0.05). The scores of grief counseling skills in medical workers were 9-30 (19.30±4.42). Length of service, professional title, religion, whether or not receiving relevant training, frequency of contact with bereaved family members contributed to impacting the medical workers' skills of grief counseling (all <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the attitudes and skills of grief counseling in the medical workers (=0.608, <0.01). CONCLUSIONS The attitudes and skills of grief counseling in the medical workers from COVID-19 designated hospitals in Wuhan still need to be improved. Grief counseling group and a long-term, comprehensive training system are recommended.
Attitude of Health Personnel ; Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; psychology ; Counseling ; Grief ; Health Personnel ; psychology ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; psychology

Objective To evaluate the quality of primary healthcare institutions entrusted to private hospitals as seen by the consumers. Methods The vertical integrated model between Renhe Hospital and Lixian township health center was selected as the case study. Consumer survey data of both November 2016 and September 2017 were collected by using Primary Care Assessment Tool(PCAT) (n=376). Stata 14.0 and Excel 2013 were used for descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. Results Scoring in such key domains as continuity, comprehensiveness and coordination, and the derivative domains was higher in 2017 than those of 2016. And the differences were significant except for the domain of continuity and coordination (referral). PACT total score in 2017 was 21.28,higher than 19.83 in 2016 and the difference was significant(P<0.01). Conclusions Under the vertical integrated model between Renhe and Lixian, the quality of primary healthcare institutions was improving from 2016 to 2017 from the perspective of consumers. First contact (accessibility), comprehensiveness (services availability) and community orientation of primary healthcare institutions need to be strengthened in the future.

Objective To study the association of metabolic syndrome (MS)with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods According to the diagnostiv criteria for MS,1457 MS patients as the research objects,who were screened out of the tangshian harbor economic development zone hospital.All patients were detected with waist circ-umference,seat systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic boold pressure(DBP),fasting Plasma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),low -density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL -C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL -C),tri-glyceride(TG).By 3 years follow -up and the carotid ultrasound detection of carotid intima -media thickness(IMT), all the patients were divided into three groups according to the diagnosis:event group (Coronary heart disease +Hypertensive heart disease,stroke,Coronary heart disease +Hypertensive heart disease +stroke)and control group. Results The patients′SBP[(145.5 ±15.7)mmHg,(149.9 ±13.8)mmHg,(156.3 ±14.6)mmHg],DBP [(92.5 ±8.7)mmHg,(97.9 ±9.0)mmHg,(101.0 ±10.0)mmHg],FPG[(6.3 ±2.6)mmol/L,(6.0 ± 2.5)mmol/L,(6.9 ±2.6)mmol/L],TC[(5.46 ±1.28)mmol/L,(5.10 ±1.15)mmol/L,(5.37 ±1.21)mmol/L], LDL -C[(3.40 ±0.75)mmol/L,(3.08 ±0.65)mmol/L,(3.24 ±0.72)mmol/L],TG[(3.44 ±1.60)mmol/L, (3.31 ±1.52)mmol/L,(3.38 ±1.58)mmol/L]of the event group were significantly higher than the control group [(139.2 ±17.4)mmHg,(85.6 ±9.1 )mmHg,(5.5 ±2.1 )mmol/L,(1.4 ±0.4 )mmol/L,(2.59 ± 0.64)mmol/L,(2.61 ±1.28)mmol/L]and HDL -C[(1.13 ±0.38)mmol/L,(1.2 ±0.4)mmol/L,(0.9 ± 0.23)mmol/L]was significantly lower than the control group[(1.4 ±0.4)mmol/L](P <0.05).Detection rates of all the event groups were significantly higher in age[(53.4 ±6.4)years,(54.6 ±6.6)years,56.3 ±6.8)years], hypertensive heart disease(67.8%,74.8%,88.0%),high blood sugar(46.7%,42.9%,49.7%),and carotid atherosvletosis (19.9%,18.9%,29.3%)than the control group[(47.2 ±6.5)years,47.2%,24.3%,5%)](P <0.05).Conclusion There was a correlation between Mdtabolic syndrome and Cardiovascular disease.

This study was aimed to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of diosgenin in mice. A total of 80 mice were divided into 4 groups, which were 0 (control), 100, 200, and 400 mg·kg-1 by the random number table. Intragastric administration was given once a day for 90 days in the assessment of subchronic toxicity of diosgenin among mice. The observed indexes contained body weight, fur color, diet, feces, and etc. The detected indexes contained blood routine analysis, blood biochemistry and pathological examination. The results showed that compared with the control group, the body weights of mice in the male medication group were slight reduced. There were no significant hematologic and pathologic abnormalities. It was concluded that the subchronic toxicity of diosgenin with no observed adverse effect dose level was more than 400 mg·kg-1. The oral administration was relatively safe.

This paper was aimed to study effects of diosgenin on expressions of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in synovial tissues of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats induced by bovine type II collagen, in order to investigate the possible mechanism of herbal medicine diosgenin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). After the CIA rats models were successfully established, rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, CIA model group, diosgenin group, and positive medicine control (tripterygium) group. The in situ hybridization was used to detect the expressions of AP-1 (c-fos and c-jun) in synovial tissues of the knee joint. The real-time PCR was used to detect the VEGF mRNA expression in synovial tissues of rats’ knee joints. The results showed that c-jun and c-fos, VEGF mRNA expressions in synovial tissues of rats’ knee joints were obviously higher than that of the blank control group (P<0.01). After treatment of diosgenin and tripterygium, the expressions of c-jun and c-fos, VEGF mRNA were significantly reduced (P<0.01). It was concluded that diosgenin may regulate the expression of VEGF in synovial tissues through c-jun and c-fos of AP-1 in order to inhibit synovial angiogenesis for the treatment of RA.

Objective To study the effects of medicated serum with total saponins from Rhizoma Dioscreae Nipponicae (RDN) on VEGF mRNA expression and AP-1 activity in rat synovial cell strain RSC-364 induced by IL-17 and TNF-α. To investigate the mechanism about total saponin from RDN inhibition of angiogenesis. Methods Medicated serum of total saponins from RDN and tripterygium (positive control) were prepared. Rat synovial cells RSC-364 were divided into four groups: the blank control,IL-17+TNF-α model,tripterygium medicated serum,and total saponins medicated serum groups. After one hour of incubation,all groups except for the blank control were incubated with both IL-17(10 μg·L-1 ) and TNF-α(10 μg·L-1 ) for 24 hours. VEGF mRNA expression in RSC-364 was detected by PrimeScriptTM real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) detection kit,and the AP-1 DNA-binding activity was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results Compared with the control blank group,both of the VEGF mRNA expression and AP-1 activity in rat synovial cell strain RSC-364 induced by IL-17 and TNF-α increased remarkably (P<0. 05,P<0.01). The VEGF mRNA expression and AP-1 activity in tripterygium medicated serum group and total saponins medicated serum group were remarkably lower than those of the model control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two medicated serum groups. Conclusion Serum medicated with total saponins from RDN can remarkably decrease VEGF mRNA expression and AP-1 activity,indicating that the total saponins from RDN could influence VEGF secretion by inhibiting the AP-1 signal transduction pathway,VEGF is the key factor of angiogenesis,thereby to restrain angiogenesis.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of edaravone combined with early rehabilitation in the treat-ment of cerebral hemorrhage,and to provide clinical evidence for rehabilitation management and drug treatment of cerebral hemor-rhage patients. METHODS:168 patients with cerebral hemorrhage,collected from neurology department of our hospital during Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2014,were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 84 cases in each group. Both groups re-ceived routine treatment;observation group was additionally given edaravone intravenously on the basis of routine treatment,and be-gan to receive standardized rehabilitation treatment within 48 hours after the onset of symptom;control group began to receive stan-dardized rehabilitation treatment 2 weeks after the onset of symptom. NIHSS and MMSE score of 2 groups were conducted before re-habilitation treatment,and after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference in lesion site and clinical manifestations between 2 groups on admission(P>0.05);both NIHSS and MMSE score of observation group were better than those of control group after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment,there was statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Edaravone associated with early rehabilitation can obviously improve the prognosis of patients with cerebral hemorrhage.