Background With China's socioeconomic development, significant lifestyle changes have occurred among occupational groups, leading to alterations in cardiovascular metabolic risk factors. However, few studies have examined the secular trends of these risk factors in China's working population. Objective To analyze the trends in cardiovascular metabolic risk factors among the occupational population in nine provinces of China from 2009 to 2018, and to explore the associations between different occupational types and these risk factors, along with their clustering patterns, thereby providing evidence for targeted interventions. Methods This study utilized data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009, 2015, and 2018. The dataset covered 13274 employed individuals aged 18-59 years. Only participants with complete blood test results and physical measurement data were included in the final analysis. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the positive rates of risk factors was calculated using Joinpoint regression to analyze temporal trends. Multinomial logistic regression and binary logistic regression models were employed to examine the cross-sectional associations between occupational types (categorized as white-collar workers, agricultural workers, blue-collar workers, service workers, and others) and nine cardiovascular metabolic risk factors and their clustering (defined as having ≥2 risk factors) in 2018. Results A total of 8451 participants were included. From 2009 to 2018, significant increasing trends (AAPC>0, P<0.05) were observed for overweight, obesity, central obesity, borderline elevated triglycerides (TG), borderline elevated to elevated total cholesterol (TC), borderline elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), elevated blood pressure and hypertension, diabetes. The most rapid increases were found for obesity (AAPC=6.07%, 95%CI: 3.42%, 8.88%), hypertension (AAPC=4.10%, 95%CI: 0.62%, 7.77%), and central obesity (AAPC=3.27%, 95%CI: 1.24%, 5.36%). The clustering rate of risk factors increased from 62.3% in 2009 to 73.2% in 2018 (AAPC=1.87%, 95%CI: 1.02%, 2.73%). The cross-sectional analysis in 2018, after adjusting for confounders, showed that compared with white-collar workers, blue-collar workers had a significantly lower risk of overweight (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.48, 0.95), central obesity (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.45, 0.92), and borderline high TG (OR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.82). In contrast, agricultural workers had a higher risk of hypertension (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.72). Conclusion Between 2009 and 2015, the burden of most cardiometabolic risk factors increases significantly among the Chinese occupational population, with the rate of increase slowing by 2018. Risks vary across occupational types, among which blue- collar workers report lower target outcomes. Targeted interventions focusing on the rapidly increasing risk factors and high-risk occupational groups are recommended.

Background The global prevalence of obesity is on the rise and is closely associated with various chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. There is a relative lack of long-term dynamic studies on compound obesity among occupational populations. Objective To explore the changing trends of compound obesity among different occupational groups aged 18–59 years in nine provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China from 1993 to 2018, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted weight management strategies for occupational populations. Methods A total of 34519 employed adults aged 18–59 years from nine waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey in1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015, and 2018 were included. Obesity types were determined according to the Chinese Adult Weight Management Guidelines. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) of compound obesity rates. Results From 1993 to 2018, the age-standardized compound obesity rate among the occupational population aged 18–59 years showed an upward trend (AAPC=6.24%, 95%CI: 5.09%, 7.41%, P<0.05). The AAPCs (95%CI) for age-standardized compound obesity rates among agricultural workers, blue-collar workers, other occupational groups, service workers, and white-collar workers were 9.55% (7.51%, 11.64%), 6.18% (4.70%, 7.69%), 5.53% (2.27%, 8.90%), 4.07% (2.40%, 5.77%), and 3.89% (2.16%, 5.65%), respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Among males, the AAPCs (95%CI) for age-standardized compound obesity rates among agricultural workers, blue-collar workers, other occupational groups, service workers, and white-collar workers were 11.52% (7.71%, 15.47%), 7.28% (6.18%, 8.40%), 5.92% (2.28%, 9.69%), 5.56% (2.11%, 9.12%), and 4.22% (2.33%, 6.15%), respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Among females, the AAPCs (95%CI) for age-standardized compound obesity rates among agricultural workers, blue-collar workers, and white-collar workers were 7.45% (6.22%, 8.69%), 3.72% (0.84%, 6.67%), and 2.41% (0.17%, 4.70%), respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). A turning point was observed in the compound obesity rate among female white-collar workers in 2006, with an APC (95%CI) of 9.69% (5.24%, 14.33%) from 2006 to 2008, showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.05), while no significant trend was found from 1993 to 2006 (P>0.05). No significant trends were observed in the age-standardized compound obesity rates among females in other occupational groups and service workers (P>0.05). Conclusion The compound obesity rate among China's occupational population is increasing rapidly, with the growth rate among agricultural workers being particularly prominent. In 2018, male white-collar workers and female agricultural workers exhibit relatively high compound obesity rates, warranting focused attention. Although the overall growth rate among service workers is slower, the expanding workforce in this sector indicates that obesity remains a serious issue. Targeted occupational health and weight management interventions are needed in the future.

Background With rising obesity rates and earlier hypertension onset among occupational populations, there is an urgent need to elucidate the long-term cardiovascular impacts of dynamic body weight patterns. Current evidence lacks trajectory modeling studies examining occupation-specific prevention strategies. Objective To investigate the association between long-term body mass index (BMI) trajectories and incident hypertension risk in Chinese working adults, and to examine occupation-specific heterogeneity in this relationship. Methods A dynamic sub-cohort of 4 413 occupational participants was constructed from ten survey waves (1991–2018) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Eligible individuals had valid key BMI records at three or more independent follow-ups before the outcome event; the individual baseline was set as the year of their first participation in the survey. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to identify BMI change patterns. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension incidence across trajectory groups, with stratified analysis by occupational categories. Results Among 4413 occupational participants, 1441 incident hypertension cases were reported during the follow-up window. Three long-term BMI trajectories were identified: low-stable, moderate-slowly rising, and high-rising. In Model 3 with all selected confounders adjusted, compared with the low-stable group, the moderate-slowly rising group showed a significantly higher risk of incident hypertension (HR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.45; P < 0.001), as did the high-increasing group (HR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.45, 2.23; P < 0.001). The stratified analyses revealed occupational differences in the association. Among agricultural workers, the moderate-slowly rising group (HR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.57) and the high-rising group (HR=2.00, 95%CI: 1.50, 2.66) both exhibited significantly increased risks of hypertension (P<0.001). Conversely, among white-collar workers, an increased risk of hypertension was observed only in the high-rising group (HR=1.97, 95%CI: 1.23, 3.17; P<0.05). Conclusion Rapid BMI escalation constitutes a significant risk factor for incident hypertension in occupational populations. Targeted long-term weight monitoring and tailored interventions are recommended for high-risk occupations.

Objective To study the seasonal distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM_2.5 in Lianyungang City, and analyze the sources of PAHs pollution, and to evaluate the health risks of PAHs in different seasons. Methods PM2.5 samples were collected regularly from January 2019 to December 2023, and 16 types of PAHs were determined by HPLC. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the concentrations of PM2.5 and PAHs in different years and seasons. The source of PAHs was analyzed by characteristic ratio and principal component analysis (PCA). Health risks were assessed using the BaP equivalent method and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model. Results The annual exceedance rates of PM_2.5 and BaP in Lianyungang showed a decreasing trend from 2019 to 2023. PM_2.5, total PAHs and PAHs monomers (except Ace, Flu and Acy) all showed significant seasonal differences, with the highest concentration in winter (P<0.001). The average proportion of 4-ring PAHs was the highest and the average proportion of 2-ring PAHs was the lowest. The proportion of 5-6 ring PAHs was relatively high in winter and spring. PM2.5and PAHs were negatively correlated with temperature, relative humidity and precipitation, and were positively correlated with atmospheric pressure. PM_2.5 was negatively correlated with wind speed, while some PAHs monomers were positively correlated with wind speed. The characteristic ratio and PCA results showed that the main sources of PAHs in Lianyungang City were mixed sources of road dust and vehicle emissions, oil pollution sources and biomass combustion sources. The results of ILCR showed that the highest risk was found in adults, with males slightly higher than females. In Lianyungang, the maximum value of ILCR in winter was more than 10-6 in people over 9 years old. Conclusion The main sources of PAHs in PM_2.5 in Lianyungang City are mixed sources of road dust and vehicle emissions, oil pollution sources, and biomass combustion sources. Under the current exposure level of PAHs in PM_2.5, residents have a certain potential carcinogenic risk.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation and joint damage, accompanied by the accumulation of plasma cells, which contributes to its pathogenesis. Understanding the genetic alterations occurring during plasma cell differentiation in RA can deepen our comprehension of its pathogenesis and guide the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Here, our study elucidates the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying plasma cell differentiation by demonstrating that PRDX1 interacts with DOK3 and modulates its degradation by the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This interaction results in the inhibition of plasma cell differentiation, thereby alleviating the progression of collagen-induced arthritis. Additionally, our investigation identifies Salvianolic acid B (SAB) as a potent small molecular glue-like compound that enhances the interaction between PRDX1 and DOK3, consequently impeding the progression of collagen-induced arthritis by inhibiting plasma cell differentiation. Collectively, these findings underscore the therapeutic potential of developing chemical stabilizers for the PRDX1-DOK3 complex in suppressing plasma cell differentiation for RA treatment and establish a theoretical basis for targeting PRDX1-protein interactions as specific therapeutic targets in various diseases.

The gut microbiota is a vast microbial ecosystem,specifically present in the organism and plays an important regulatory role in the body's health or disease state together with its metabolites.After spinal cord injury,the complex pathophysiology at the site of trauma makes axonal regeneration difficult,and the autonomic motor dysfunction induced by spinal cord injury disrupts gastrointestinal function and causes gut microbiota imbalance.The previous clinical outcomes of neurorepair strategies after spinal cord injury have not been ideal.The dysregulated gut microbiota and neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury are closely associated with the prognosis of the patients.The potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence the neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury may include the activation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue and disruption of the intestinal barrier by the imbalanced microbiota,and gut microbiota and its metabolites such as lipopolysaccharides(LPS),short chain fatty acids(SCFAs),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and tryptophan,as well as immune cells,inflammatory factors,and neurotransmitters the local inflammatory response in the spinal cord through the circulatory system.This paper revews the studies on the changes in gut microbiota after spinal cord injury and their effects on the spinal cord neuroinflammation,providing new targets and new ideas for improving the neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury.

Objective To evaluate the clinical safety and effectiveness of intravascular stent combined with 125I seed strip implantation in the treatment of superior vena cava syndrome(SVCS)caused by malignant tumors.Methods The clinical data of 43 patients with SVCS,who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University of China from May 2017 to October 2022,were retrospective analyzed.Of the 43 patients,27 received intravascular stent combined with l25I seed strip implantation(observation group),and 16 received simple intravascular stent implantation(control group).The stent patency rate,clinical symptom relief rate,and survival time were compared between the two groups.Results Successful operation was accomplished in all the 43 patients.In the observation group,the postoperative 3-month stent patency rate and average survival time were 88.7％and 39.1 weeks respectively,which were significantly higher than 62.5％and 21.8 weeks respectively in the control group,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P=0.033 and P=0.035 respectively).After treatment,all the clinical symptoms were relieved.Conclusion For the treatment of SVCS,intravascular stent combined with 125I seed strip implantation is clinically safe and effective,it can be used as the preferred treatment option.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:632-635)

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of luteolin in the treatment of cervical cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods The drug-like properties of luteolin were analyzed by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The targets of luteolin were obtained from PharmMapper, Super-PRED, and Swiss Target Prediction databases. The targets related to cervical cancer were acquired from GeneCards, OMIM, and PharmGKB databases. The intersection targets of luteolin and cervical cancer were obtained through EVenn, and the "luteolin-intersection targets-cervical cancer" network diagram was constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.1. The STRING database was used to analyze the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of intersection targets and screen the core targets. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (David) was used to conduct Gene Ontology (GO) gene function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis of the targets. PyMoL 2.6.0, AutoDockTool 1.5.7 and OpenBabel 2.4.1 software were used to perform molecular docking between the core targets and luteolin. The survival analysis and pan-cancer analysis of the core targets were performed in the GEPIA database. Results A total of 449 targets of luteolin and 1 334 targets related to cervical cancer were obtained; there were 100 intersection targets between luteolin and cervical cancer, of which 24 were core targets, including MMP2, HRAS, MAPK1, AKT1, RHOA and PGR. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the intersection targets participated in 455 biological processes, 70 cellular components, 119 molecular functions, and 143 KEGG signaling pathways. Molecular docking revealed a good binding of MMP2 with luteolin. The survival curves of cervical cancer patients showed that the risk ratios of RHOA, MAPK1, MMP2 and AKT1 genes were greater than 1, while those of HRAS and PGR were less than 1. Pan-cancer analysis showed that HRAS and MAPK1 were highly expressed in cervical cancer, and HRAS had significant expression differences. Conclusion Luteolin treats cervical cancer through a multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism.

The article reviews the clinical and mechanism researches of acupuncture-moxibustion in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in recent two decades at home and abroad. The results indicate that acupuncture-moxibustion is conductive to RA with fewer adverse reactions for the patients, and improves joint function and quality of life to a certain extent. The therapeutic results of acupuncture-moxibustion result from the multi-target, multi-level collaborative effect on RA. In mechanism, the overall regulation of the neuro-immuno-endocrine system is involved. RA is attenuated through inhibiting inflammatory responses, regulating relevant signaling pathways, maintaining the balance of osteoblasts and articular cartilage, and adjusting the gene expression. Although some achievements have been obtained in clinical and mechanism researches, it still needs to deepen the mechanism research so as to promote the clinical application of acupuncture-moxibustion and provide the new approaches to its innovation and development.
Humans ; Moxibustion ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/therapy* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals

Objective:To explore the effect of traditional teaching and standardized patient (SP) teaching in medical students' inquiry teaching through the phased examination results of practicing physicians.Methods:A total of 107 students from Class 1 and Class 2 of Batch 2013 majoring in clinical medicine of Qinghai University were selected as the control group, and 100 students from Class 1 and Class 2 of Batch 2014 were selected as the experimental group. In the inquiry teaching, the control group adopted the traditional teaching method, and the experimental group adopted the SP teaching method. The effect of the two groups of teaching methods was compared by collecting the scores of the medical history of the medical practitioners in the phased examination. SPSS 18.0 was used for t-test. Results:The scores of current medical history (81.43±8.19), case collection (8.19±0.70), inquiry content (47.63±4.55), examiner's total score (73.75±5.21), and total score (91.93±5.67) in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [(71.65±8.29) (7.85±0.68) (43.68±4.76) (69.68±5.40) and (88.03±6.01)] and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The scores of communication ability (8.94±0.62) question expression (4.54±0.44) and communication skills (4.52±0.47) in the comprehensive performance of the control group were higher than those in the experimental group [(8.77±0.60) (4.33±0.54) and (4.38±0.46), respectively], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The overall teaching effect of the SP teaching is better than that of the traditional teaching, but it has its own advantages and disadvantages in specific knowledge points. It is worth further discussion to combine the two to complement the advantages and complement each other to assist medical education.